Research

Project Details:
The base of the project is the identification of a specific need in high-quality research training in marine sciences including the study of a broad variety of marine organisms at the European level. In spite of being evolutionary distant from Humans, marine species can bring fundamental knowledge that can be transferable to understand molecular and cellular processes governing several aspects of human biology. In addition, marine organisms constitute an important source of biomolecules with putative industrial and therapeutic applications making the development of marine resource a key area in the field of blue economy and blue growth. Considering the above-described contect, the present strategic partnership will develop a thourough research training focused on the use of marine organisms in several life science disciplines such as neurobiology, cell morphogenesis/cell biology, tissue regeneration, evolution/life cycle and marine biotechnology.

Cooperation Partners:

Prof. Dr Agnes Boutet (Sorbonne, Frankreich),

Prof. Dr. Stefano Piraino, Neapel

Project Details:
As part of this project, a computer model of the canine hind limbs is being developed on the basis of CT and MRT data. In addition to bony structures, this model should also map muscle and ligament structures in order to subsequently be able to simulate movements of the canine hind limbs.

Results:

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.03.015

Project Details:
Motile sperm with intact membranes can suffer from functional damage which remains undetected by routine semen analysis. For assessment of novel semen preservation methods, sensitive diagnostic of fertility-relevant functional sperm traits is neccessary. The aim is to establish novel diagnostic tools which allow the sensitive assessment of sublethal damage of preserved spermatozoa.

Results:

DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24301

Cooperation Partners:

Dr. Heiko Henning, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut Mariensee

Funding: BfN, 957.996 EUR

Project Details:
Marine top predators like sea birds and marine mammals are exposed to increasing stress due to anthropogenic activities like fishery, extension of offshore windfarms, shipping traffic, marine pollution et cetera. Monitoring and assessments of the current status of marine vertebrates are required for their effective protection and a reasonable conservation area management. The research results shall serve as a groundwork for the implementation of the Natura 2000 report duties and the regional marine agreement OSPAR, the Helsinki Convention as well as the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Report requirements for the German North and Baltic Seas especially concern sea birds, marine mammals and fish. The basis of research are the repeated large-scale assessments of sea bird and marine mammal distribution planned here in the German North and Baltic Seas, especially in key seasons and areas. These surveys, conducted with standardised methods, provide data and information about space-time patterns and spatial use of sea birds and marine mammals in the North Sea and Baltic ecosystems.
The task spectrum will be divided into subject-specific subtasks and scientifically transacted by subcompanies with respectively required skills. Monitoring and evaluation of marine mammals are conducted by the ITAW. Data about the distribution and density of marine mammals are collected regularly using standardised assessments achieved by aerial surveys. This project reverts to research results generated in the past few years and continues the tasks with extended parameters.
The results of this project shall serve as scientific basis for the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN) in order to perform the demands of the Natura 2000 and MSFD report duties and the regional marine agreement OSPAR, the Helsinki Convention as well as further enforcement tasks (e.g. the evaluation of anthropogenic interferences) in the EEZ.

Results:

Nachtsheim, D., Viquerat, S., Ramirez-Martinez, N.C., Unger, B., Siebert, U., Gilles, A. (2021). Small

cetaceans in a human high-use area: Trends in harbour por-poise abundance in the North Sea over two

decades. Frontiers in Marine Science 7: 606609. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2020.606609

 

Unger, B., Herr, H., Viquerat, S., Gilles, A., Burkhardt-Holm, P., Siebert, U. (2021). Opportunistically

collected data from aerial surveys reveal spatio-temporal distribution patterns of marine debris in

German waters. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28: 2893-2903.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10610-9

https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.606609

Cooperation Partners:

Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU)

Deutsches Meeresmuseum (DMM)

Funding: EFSA - European Food Safety Authority, 144.221 EUR

Project Details:
ENETWild is a project initiated by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). The main objective is to collect information on the geographical distribution, abundance and structure of selected wildlife species populations relevant for livestock and human health (Wild Boar). ENETWILD consists of 14 groups from 9 European Countries, with potential to involve many research organizations from European countries and beyond. The specific objectives of ENETWILD are:
-Collect existing published or unpublished data on the geographical distribution and abundance of selected wildlife hosts, to validate and to aggregate them in a harmonized way in a common database.
-Promote and coordinate the generation of new data on distribution and abundance of selected wildlife species, and modelling them, to fill the gaps identified in objective-1.
-further enhance the network of wildlife professionals to support data collection activities required in objectives 1 and 2:
- To link the existing network to other European or international groups/networks active in the area of wildlife population surveillance.
- To promote the development and adoption of harmonized protocols for presence assessments and population counts, standardization of data format validation and quality assessment of data submissions.
- To strengthen collaboration on integral wildlife surveillance activities in Europe enhancing the European network between population and health specialists.

Results:

https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.2903/sp.efsa.2018.EN-1523

https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2903/sp.efsa.2018.EN-1449

Funding: DFG, 243.950 EUR

Project Details:
CD81 is a transmembrane protein and the receptor for two human pathogens, hepatitis C virus (HCV) and Plasmodium, the causative agent of malaria. Despite substantial differences in their molecular makeup, their transmission and pathology, both pathogens require CD81 to enter liver cells and replicate in these. Also, HCV and the human pathogen Plasmodium falciparum both display a narrow host tropism by naturally only infecting humans and CD81 is one of several host tropism determinants. Since CD81 lacks signaling domains, we had hypothesized that it coordinates HCV and Plasmodium uptake through protein-protein-interactions (PPI). Our previous work identified 68 CD81 PPIs in human hepatoma cells and could show that at least 10 of the CD81 interactors are required for HCV and Plasmodium infection. Currently, the full set of host factors required for CD81-dependent entry of HCV and Plasmodium remains elusive. Moreover, we lack knowledge on how the proteins guide pathogen entry. Here, we propose to confirm HCV and Plasmodium entry host factors based on our previous CD81 receptor interactomics and to characterize the host factors molecular function in depth.

Specifically, this work aims at (1) confirming the relevance of CD81 interactors for HCV and Plasmodium infection; (2) evaluating the specificity of discovered host factors for diverse enveloped viruses, HCV genotypes and Plasmodium species; (3) mechanistically characterizing selected host factors; (4) determining the contribution of the host factors to the narrow tissue and host tropism of HCV and Plasmodium falciparum.

In the first phase of the project we will confirm knockdown phenotypes of all 68 CD81 interactors in hepatoma cells and evaluate the cells susceptibility to HCV and Plasmodium. Genes, which score in this RNA interference assay, will be knocked out by CRISPR/Cas9, a technique, which we successfully applied to hepatoma cells recently. To evaluate the specificity of the host factors, we will infect knockout cells with three enveloped viruses (vesicular stomatitis virus, coronavirus 229E, respiratory syncytial virus), seven HCV genotypes and three Plasmodium species. Broad HCV and Plasmodium host factors will be mechanistically analyzed in terms of the specific entry step they support, their subcellular localization, if applicable their enzymatic activity during pathogen uptake and critical domains in the protein. In the last project phase tissue expression analysis of host factors will reveal possible contributions to liver tropism of HCV and Plasmodium sporozoites. Lastly, complementation of knockout cells with mouse and macaque orthologues of the host factors will highlight possible species restrictions for HCV and Plasmodium. In sum, this work will shed light on the entry of HCV and Plasmodium into liver cells and reveal important aspects of cellular membrane trafficking and signaling.

Project Details:
Zunehmend werden die Folgen des Einsatzes auf die Umwelt und den Populationsrückgang verschiedener Vogelspezies, wie dem Mauersegler, sichtbar.Mit diesem Hintergrund sollen Organe von Mauerseglern retrospektiv (Jahre 2009 - 2016) und prospektiv (Jahre 2017 - 2018) auf ausgewählte Pestizide untersucht und ein möglicher Einfluß auf den Gesundheitszustand dieser Vögel überprüft werden.

Results:

https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/8/5/87

Project Details:
Kombination einer klinischen bildgebenden Arbeit in der Klinik für Heimtiere, Reptilien, Zier- und Wildvögel; Bildgebende Untersuchungen des Respirationstraktes klinisch gesunder Bartagamen (Pogona spp.) unter Berücksichtigung beeinflussender Parameter in Kombination mit anatomischen und histopathologischen Betrachtungen des Respirationstraktes der Bartagamen; Gemeinschaftsprojekt und Kooperation mit dem Anatomischen Institut.

Funding: Nds. Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Kultur, 248.000 EUR

Project Details:
Der Darm spielt für viele vom Tier auf den Menschen übertragbare Erkrankungen (sog. Zoonosen) eine entscheidende Rolle. Sowohl in der Etablierung einer Infektion, als auch für die Ausscheidung von Pathogenen und der damit potentiell verbundenen Ausbreitung einer Infektion. Während verschiedene auf Zellkulturen basierende In-vitro-Systeme für die Erforschung von Krankheitsmechanismen bei Mäusen, Ratten und dem Menschen zur Verfügung stehen, ist für die Untersuchung solcher Vorgänge bei Nutztieren (z. B. bei Schweinen, Rindern oder Geflügel) immer noch die Verwendung von direkt aus dem Tier entnommenen Primärzell- oder Organkulturen oder sogar der Einsatz von Tieren notwendig. Aus diesem Grund sind neue Ansätze zur Entwicklung von In-vitro-Modellen zur Erforschung zugrundeliegender molekularer Mechanismen von Infektionen bei Nutztieren von großem Interesse, insbesondere vor dem Hintergrund, dass Nutztiere häufig Träger bzw. Überträger zoonotischer Krankheitserreger sind. Der Zweck des vorliegenden Projektes besteht daher darin, ein Modell des Darms zu entwickeln, indem erstmalig die sog. "Colon-Simulations-Technik" (Cositec) mit der "Ussing-Kammer-Technologie" verknüpft wird. Dabei wird intakte Darmschleimhaut von Nutztieren in Ussing-Kammern eingespannt und zeitgleich mit dem Inhalt des Cositec-Systems inkubiert, so dass eine Konfrontation des Darmepithels mit dem physiologischen Darminhalt erfolgen kann. Die Kombination dieser beiden gut etablierten Methoden ermöglicht es so, ein In-vitro-Modell zu entwerfen, dessen Bedingungen weitestgehend mit den In-vivo-Verhältnissen übereinstimmen. In einem ersten Schritt werden die Vitalität und Funktionalität des Darmepithels in diesem System anhand von morphologischen, biochemischen und funktionellen Analysen überprüft (z. B. mittels Histologie, PCR oder Nährstoffaufnahme). Von großer Bedeutung ist dabei, dass das für alle Analysen verwendete Darmgewebe nicht von Versuchstieren stammt, sondern stets auf konventionellen Schlachthöfen gewonnen wird. So kann auf den Einsatz von Versuchstieren vollständig verzichtet werden. Im darauffolgendem Schritt soll eine Inkubation des Darmepithels mit Zoonoeserregern (z. B. enterotoxische und enteropathogene E. coli) erfolgen, um Infektionsmechanismen dieser Pathogene und deren Auswirkungen auf den Darm genauer untersuchen zu können. Sollte dieses neue System funktionieren, würde es, abgesehen von der Erforschung von Infektionserkrankungen, eine Vielzahl von weiteren Nutzungsmöglichkeiten bieten. Dazu gehören beispielsweise physiologische, toxikologische oder auch pharmakologische Fragestellungen. Weiterhin könnten in diesem Modell auch Zellkulturen des Darmes eingesetzt werden, was die Verwendung von tierischem Material größtenteils überflüssig machen würde. Insgesamt würde eine erfolgreiche Etablierung dieses Systems eine deutliche Abnahme der Versuchstierzahlen zur Folge haben.

Results:

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0256143

Funding: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung - BMBF, 105.500 EUR

Project Details:
The prevention of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-coronavirus (CoV) infection in camels by vaccination has been proven under experimental conditions, involving a dual application mode (combined intramuscular and mucosal application). The most relevant next steps will involve optimizations and simplifications of the immunization scheme, as well as proof of immunity under conditions of natural exposure. Detailed pathological workup and comparison of vaccinated vs. non-vaccinated camels will form an elemental part of these studies. Whether vaccination will lead to limited virus dissemination and reduced inflammatory reactions in immunized animals will therefore be investigated by pathological workup in this project. All obtained pathological findings will be correlated with data on virus shedding in saliva and nasal swabs determined during the vaccination trial.

Cooperation Partners:

D. Muth, C. Drosten, Institut für Virologie, Berlin

A. von Brunn, Max von Pettenkofer Institut München

S. Hippenstiel, Charité and T. Wolff, Robert Koch Institut, Berlin

F. Weber, Institut für Virologie, Gießen (with contribution by J. Ziebuhr)

V. Thiel, Institut für Virologie, Universität Bern/CH

A. Volz, G. Sutter, Institut für Virologie, LMU München

V. Herder, W. Baumgärtner, A. Osterhaus, Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover

U. Wernery, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai

A. Karlas, Max Planck Institut für Infektionsbiologie Berlin

S. Pöhlmann, Deutsches Primatenzentrum Göttingen

P. Nagy, J. Juhasz, Dubai Camel Industries and Products