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2231 results.
Quality and safety assessment of probiotic bacteria for human consumption
Qualität und Sicherheit probiotischer Bakterien in Lebensmitteln
Project Investigators: Prof. Dr. G. Klein; Dr. B. Ahlfeld
Duration: Beginning 2015 until End 2018
Project Details:
Probiotic lactic acid bacteria are highly important for human consumption, yet there is only limited information about their genetic diversity, evolutionary relationships and physiology. Pre-requisites for the acceptation as a food additive are identification on the species and sub-species strain level, as lately discussed in the guiding note on Qualified Presumption of Safety (QPS) of the European Union (EU). These requisites are essential for quality assurance reasons (tracing back, testing the purity of cultures, correct identification) and for safety reasons (differentiation from potential pathogenic strains of the same species, e.g. within the genus Enterococcus). The ability to discriminate among closely related strains allows the specific characterisation of each strain, and further determination of their specific technological and probiotic characters.
The current proposal presents a cooperative research that combines physiological characteristics with genomic approach for the assessment of biodiversity of probiotic bacteria cultures providing accurate differentiation among bacterial strains. Such information will allow to correlate between phenotypic and the genotypic characteristics of diverse probiotic bacteria in order to assess safety implications raised by closely related potentially pathogenic strains of the same species. Provided the safety of the strains next part is to ensure quality parameter of which the most important is the concentration of the bacteria in the product. Traditional cultural methods are labour and time consuming and only specialized laboratories are able to perform the enumeration of probiotic strains. A rapid method adapting cell cytometric measures on bacterial counting will be developed in order to provide reliable quality parameter for probiotic products. Combining expertises and techniques of both Israeli and German groups would allow to significantly contribute to the quality and safety of probiotic cultures in food products.
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Correlation of Campylobacter prevalences and concentration during processing and cross-contamination during the slaughter process of broilers
Korrelation von Campylobacter-Prävalenzen und -Konzentrationen entlang der Produktionskette und zur Verschleppung im Schlachtprozess von Masthähnchen
Project Investigators: Prof. Dr. G. Klein
Duration: December 2015 until Beginning 2018
Funding: Industrie, 72.000 EUR
Project Details:
Erhebung von Daten zur Entwicklung von aussagekräftigen mikrobiologischen Kriterien für Campylobacter im Geflügelbestand und im Schlachthof.
Cooperation Partners:

Prof. Dr. L. Ellerbroek, Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung

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Molecular analysis of animal species tissue and identification of bacteria in game
Molekularbiologische Tierartendifferenzierung und Identifizierung von Bakterien bei Wildtieren
Project Investigators: Dr. A. Abdulmawjwood; Prof. Dr. G. Klein; Prof. Dr. C. Kehrenberg
Duration: Mid 2015 until Beginning 2018
Funding: Institut für Wildtierforschung, 20.000 EUR
Project Details:
Verbesserung und Beschleunigung des Tierartennachweises und der Identifizierung von Bakterien bei Wildtierendurch molekularbiologische Methoden (z.B. LAMP).
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Optimised reduction of bioaerosols in the exhaust air of pig production facilities by automatic regulation of the moisture content within filter material of air washers
Verbundprojekt: Optimierung der Abscheidung von Bioaerosolen aus der Abluft eines Schweinestalls durch die Entwicklung einer innovativen Prozesssteuerung zur Regulierung der Filterfeuchte in einer dreistufigen Abluftreinigungsanlage - Teilprojekt 1
Project Investigators: Nier, Lisa; Schulz, Jochen; Kemper, Nicole
Duration: September 2014 until February 2018
Funding: Bundesministerium für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft, 208.208 EUR
Project Details:
Ziel des Projektes ist die Entwicklung einer automatisierten Prozesssteuerung zur Quantifizierung und Regulierung in der biologischen Stufe von Abluftreinigungsanlagen (ARA) zur Reduktion von Bioaerosolen aus Schweinemastanlagen. Dazu soll mittels Time-Domain-Reflekrometrie (TDR) auf der gesamten Fläche des Filters der Feuchtegehalt quantifiziert werden. Durch die Einbindung der Messdaten in einen automatisierten Regelkreis erfolgt eine Soll-Ist-Wert-Analyse, wodurch eine über dem Filter installierte Berieselungsanlage automatisch zur Feuchteregulierung gesteuert wird. In Abhängigkeit von verschiedenen Feuchtegehalten des Filters soll eine gezielte Detektion von Bioaerosolen vor Eintritt und nach dem Austritt aus der ARA erfolgen. Es soll die Frage beantwortet werden, in welchem Zusammenhang der Abscheidegrad von Bioaerosolen aus Nutztierställen mit der Befeuchtung der biologischen Stufe der ARA steht. Durch die Variation der Stärke der Befeuchtung sollen Rückschlüsse auf die Effektivität der Filterleistung bezüglich der Bioaerosolabscheidung gezogen sowie eventuelle sekundäre Emissionen vermindert werden.

Gefördert durch das Bundesministerium für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft aufgrund eines Beschlusses des Deutschen Bundestages.
Results:

Regulating the moisture content of biofilters may enhance the efficiency of reducing bioaerosols in the exhaust air of livestock buildings. After a test period, a time-domain reflectometry (TDR) system was installed in two biofilters (paper filter, root wood filter) of a three stage filter of a pig?s house to measure the volumetric moisture content and the moisture distribution within the filters. A reduction of bacteria, fungi and endotoxins was detected in the course of seven different moisture adjustments. Low moisture led to odours and high moisture partly released relatively high concentrations of fungi. A relatively volumetric moisture content of 10 to 20% in both filters reduced the number of mesophilic bacteria and aerotolerant cocci on average to more than 90%. The endotoxin concentration was reduced from 79 to 95%. The TDR system has the potential to regulate the moisture content in paper and root wood filters which may be useful for an efficient reduction of bioaerosols.

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Improving current understanding and research for sustainable control of the poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae (COST COREMI)
Verbesserung des gegenwärtigen Kenntnisstands und der Forschung zur nachhaltigen Kontrolle der Roten Vogelmilbe Dermanyssus gallinae (COST COREMI)
Project Investigators: Prof. Dr. C. Strube, PhD
Duration: Mid 2014 until Mid 2018
Funding: COST (Action FA1404: Improving current understanding and research for sustainable control of the poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae)
Project Details:
Die EU-COST-Aktion hat zum Ziel, Bekämpfungs- bzw. Kontrollstrategien gegen die Rote Vogelmilbe zu verbessern und diese zu disseminieren. Hierfür sollen Erkenntnisse zur Milbenbiologie, Parasit-Wirt-Interaktion und neuen Bekämpfungsstrategien konsolidiert und Forschungsansätze koodiniert werden. Es soll ein "Goldstandard" zur Prophylaxe und Bekämpfung des Parasiten erarbeitet werden, der auf die einzelnen europäischen Länder und deren Produktionssysteme zugeschnitten ist.
Results:

Hubert, J., Erban, T., Kopecky, J., Sopko, B., Nesvorna, M., Lichovnikova, M., Schicht, S., Strube, C., Sparagano, O. (2017) Comparison of bacteriomes between red poultry mite populations (Dermanyssus gallinae): predominance of Bartonella-like bacteria. Microbial Ecology 74, 947-960

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Evaluation of radiographic and sonographic significance of intact female rabbits regarding pathological uterine diseases
Evaluierung der Aussagekraft von Übersichtsröntgenaufnahmen weiblich unkastrierter Kaninchen hinsichtlich pathologischer Uteruserkrankungen sowie von Befunden der sonographischen Untersuchung
Project Investigators: Christine Lübke; Dr.Saskia Köstlinger; Prof.Dr. Michael Fehr
Duration: Beginning 2014 until End 2018
Project Details:
Studie zum Vorkommen von pathologischen Uteruserkrankungen weiblich unkastrierter Kaninchen über einen Zeitraum von März 2010 bis August 2014. Analyse von anamnestischen Daten, Röntgenbildern, sonographischen Befunden, Alter und von Ergebnissen der pathologischen und histopathologischen Untersuchung.
Results:

Evaluierung von Befunden aus Röntgen und Sonographie weiblich unkastrierter Kaninchen hinsichtlich pathologischer Uterusveränderungen

/ V. Christine Lübke. - 1. Auflage. Dissertation Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover

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G-TwYST (GMP-Two Year Safety Testing): Safety assessment of the genetically modified maize NK603
G-TwYST (GMP-Two Year Safety Testing): Sicherheitsbewertung des gentechnisch veränderten Mais NK603
Project Investigators: Prof. Dr. Pablo Steinberg
Duration: April 2014 until April 2018
Funding: Europäische Kommission, 375.836 EUR
Project Details:
G-TwYST will execute rat feeding trials with GM maize NK 603 based on OECD Test Guidelines and according to EFSA considerations. In the case of maize NK603 two 90-day and a combined 2-year chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity study will be performed. By combining the results of the G-TwYST project with those of the GRACE project (90-day and 1-year study with maize MON810) it will be possible for the first time to describe the potential medium term and long term toxic effects of the two above-mentioned events. Partners will strictly comply with international standards and norms concerning feeding trials and closely collaborate with EFSA. Feeding stuff used in the trials will be produced according to the principles of good agricultural practice. The project will analyse and report the results of the feeding trials and develop recommendations on the scientific justification and added value of long-term feeding trials for GMO risk assessment. The project will ensure scientific excellence, independence and transparency of both the research process and the results. Transparency and accessibility of project plans and results is a key characteristic of the project and will be ensured by establishing a project website and by using an open access database set up by GRACE as information hubs. Results will be published as open access journal papers. Dedicated engagement, communication, and dissemination activities will target scientists, policy makers and a broad range of stakeholders. Participatory steps will be included in the planning as well as in the interpretation/conclusion phase. Moreover, the views of risk assessment and regulatory bodies as well as wider societal issues will also be taken into consideration. The results of the project will enable risk managers drawing conclusions with regard to framework of the currently applicable GM food/feed risk assessment requirements and procedures in the EU.
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Comprehensive analysis of a modulation of the arachidonic acid cascade by food ingredients
Umfassende Untersuchungen zur Wirkung von Polyphenolen auf die Arachidonsäurekaskade
Project Investigators: PD Dr. Nils Helge Schebb
Duration: August 2014 until July 2018
Funding: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, 198.000 EUR
Project Details:
In this project, we will mechanistically investigate the impact of polyphenols on the AA cascade. For this purpose we will employ liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) for the quantification of a comprehensive set of oxylipins of all branches of the AA cascade as targeted metabolomics approach. We will analyze the effect of polyphenols on the activity of cyclooxgenase, lipoxygenase, cytochrome P450 and epoxide hydrolase pathways of the AA cascade in different cell culture assays as well as in cell free approaches. Moreover, we will utilize the oxylipin pattern to monitor oxidative stress occurring during inflammation and its amelioration by food-born antioxidants. With these high-content screening tools, we will not only discover potentially active polyphenols, but also gain information on their mode of action, quantitative data on their potency and qualitative data on the breadth of their effects.
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Contribution of intestinal brush border membrane enzymes to the pathogenesis of Ulcerative Colitis
Die Rolle von intestinaler Bürstensaummembran-Enzymen bei der Pathogenese der ulcerativen Colitis
Project Investigators: Prof. Dr. Hassan Y. Naim; Toutounji Darwish, Mohamad
Duration: Beginning 2014 until June 2018
Funding: FAZIT-Stiftung, 35.000 EUR
Project Details:
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract characterized by the onset of inflammation and tissue damage. Ample evidences suggest that IBD pathogenesis results from a multifactorial process involving genetic, environmental as well as immunogenic factors. Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an IBD characterized by the chronic inflammation of the colon. Depending on the location and extent of inflammation, UC can be referred to as: 1) ulcerative proctitis, 2) proctosigmoiditis, and 3) universal colitis. Under the last condition, another process called backwash ileitis (BWI) can result from the influx of colonic content to the ileum through an inflamed ileoceacal valve, extending thus the colitis to the terminal ileum. Gut mucosa integrity and functions such as digestion/absorption, detoxification, non-immune defensive roles and cell-cell interactions require the activities of hydrolases of the small intestinal brush border membrane (BBM) as well the presence of important basolateral membrane proteins [1, 5-9]. Alterations in the expression and activity of BBM hydrolases i.e. intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), disaccharidases and aminopeptidases N (APN) have been observed in different colitis-induced animal models. Interestingly, abnormalities of the small intestine such as compromised enzymes activities and decreased intestinal cell differentiation were also observed in freshly isolated ileum from UC patients. In addition to the BBM hydrolases basolateral membrane proteins that play key roles in maintaining the integrity of intestinal cells such as mucusal mucin, E-cadherins and connexin 43 (Cx43) among others are also reported to contribute to the pathogenesis of UC.
The general aim of this project is to decipher using in vitro and in vivo models, the role of calcium signaling in ER stress and how is this could lead to a dysfunction of the intestinal epithelial cells.
Cooperation Partners:

1. Prof. Dr. Anaclet Negezahayo, Institut für Biophysik der Leibniz-Universität Hannover;

2. Prof. Dr. Marwan El-Sabban, Medical Faculty, American University of Beirut

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New simulation methodology to minimize animal experiments in the development of new canine hip prostheses
Simulative Implantatauslegung zur Minimierung der Tierversuchszahlen in der Hüftgelenksorthopädie
Project Investigators: Prof. Dr. I. Nolte; PD Dr. P. Wefstaedt; J. Bach
Duration: 2014 until End 2018
Project Details:
Ziel dieses Projektes ist eine Simulationsmethodik zu entwickeln, mit deren Hilfe neu entwickelte Hüftgelenksprothesen für den Hund auf ihre Eignung untersucht werden können.
Das Design für neue Hüftgelenkstotalendoprothesen (HTEP) wird häufig von humanmedizinischen Prothesen übernommen und lediglich in der Größe an den Hund angepasst. Die Belastung des Hüftgelenks des Hundes entspricht jedoch aus biomechanischer Sicht nicht der des Menschen, da die Gewichtsverteilung durch die vierbeinige Fortbewegung beim Hund anders ist. Dadurch sind die Anforderungen an das Design einer HTEP für den Hund andere, als die an eine HTEP für den Menschen. Die Lasteinleitung über die Prothese in den Knochen spielt eine wichtige Rolle bei Knochenumbauprozessen und kann durch das Design verändert werden. Kommt es zum sogenannten "stress-shielding" und damit verbundenen Knochenabbauprozessen, führt dies häufig zu Lockerungen und damit zu Revisionsoperationen. Im Rahmen der Implantatentwicklung in der Humanmedizin ist es heutzutage üblich mittels Computersimulationen wie Mehrkörpersimulationen (MKS) oder Finite-Element-Methode (FEM) die Eignung neue Implantate zu überprüfen, bevor die Prothesen in Patienten implantiert werden. Eine derartige Prüfstrategie gibt es für Implantate für den Hund nicht. Die Eignung der Prothesen wird im Tierversuch direkt am Patienten erprobt. Bei nicht geeigneten Prothesendesigns kann dieses mit Schmerzen und Schäden für den Patienten verbunden sein. In diesem Projekt sollen ein canines Mehrkörpersimulations- sowie ein Finite-Element-Modell entwickelt werden, mit deren Hilfe Schwachstellen bei der Entwicklung neuer Implantate entdeckt werden können bevor sie am Patienten erprobt werden. Dadurch können die Tierversuchszahlen reduziert werden und neue Implantate sicherer gemacht werden.
Cooperation Partners:

Institut für Umformtechnik und Umformmaschinen der Leibniz Universität Hannover; Prof. Dr. B.A. Behrens, Dr.-Ing. habil. A. Bouguecha, S. Betancur Escobar

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