Research

Funding: Fritz-Ahrberg-Stiftung, 70.000 EUR

Project Details:
Consumption of meat products has fallen slightly in recent years, from an initial 30.4 kg per capita in 2009 to 29.4 kg per capita in 2017. The production volume of sausage products has remained roughly constant, with cooked sausages representing the largest product group with a consumption of approximately 7 kg per capita (German Meat Industry Association). The additives nitrite (NO2-) and nitrate (NO3-) are used for curing in the commercial production of cooked sausages. They are used to redden the meat, develop flavor, inhibit lipid oxidation, and suppress the growth of spoilage organisms and pathogenic microorganisms, including Clostridium (C.) botulinum and its spores. In conventional production processes, sodium nitrite in the form of nitrite curing salt (NPS) is generally used as the source of nitrite. However, sodium nitrite has come under criticism due to its toxic effect caused by the nitrosamines that are produced during the maturation and, additionally, during the heating of cured meat products. Changing consumption habits and an increasingly health-conscious lifestyle are driving consumer demand for products with natural ingredients or products with lower nitrite content. In organic production, the use of NPS is already strictly regulated and may either not be added at all or may be added in a maximum quantity of 1%. However, this can lead to microbiologically unsafe food with sensory deviations. An innovation in this field is the use of non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma. Cold plasma is a gas ionized at atmospheric pressure that consists of a variety of free radicals, such as nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and the ions nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO2-), and whose temperature corresponds to the outside temperature. This project aims to use a new technology for the production of NPS-free cooked sausage. To this end, the first phase of the experiment will involve developing a method for using plasma technology to produce ionized water with reproducible nitrate and nitrite concentrations. The focus here is on varying the treatment parameters of time, frequency, and voltage. In the second phase of the experiment, this ionized water will be used as a source of nitrite in the production of mortadella-type cooked sausages. In order to achieve consistent product quality compared to conventionally produced cooked sausages, microbiological, sensory, physical, and chemical tests will be carried out after production and after a standard storage period.

Cooperation Partners:

emeritierter Direktor des Max-Planck-Institutes für Extraterrestrische Physik und jetzigem CEO der terraplasma GmbH, Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. G. Morfill, und dessen Mitarbeitern in Garching bei München, hinsichtlich der technischen Ausgestaltung des Plasmagerätes

Funding: DFG (Heisenberg), 256.200 EUR

Project Details:
The objective of this research work is to evaluate the genetic architecture of body size using a pig model in a multi-omics approach. It particularly aims at in-depth investigations of interrelations of size determining variants, transcriptional variation among miniature and large size as well as the identification of topologically associated domains (TADs) and putative enhancers involved in body size determination. This study is particularly focusing on the elucidation of the regulatory landscape in pigs and its essential role in the determination of body size.Initial analyses of whole genome sequencing data of miniature versus standard sized breeds/populations are supposed to identify potential signatures of selection reflecting high selection pressures in both directions- miniature and large size- harboring variants causative for the miniaturization across-breeds. Subsequently, I aim at detecting chromatin interactions defined as TADs and putative enhancer elements in the region of these variants involved in size-determination by targeting high intensity peaks of chromatin interactions from Hi-C analysis as well as high histone modification levels associated with active enhancers (H3K27ac and H3K4me1) from ChIP-seq in the growth plates of the long bones. These marks of active DNA sequences will then be linked to transcriptional variation in-between miniature and large pigs. An in vitro model will be established for further functional validation.This will be the first study investigating genomic and functional effects on body size specifically targeting growth plates in pigs. Based on these data, we aim at increasing the knowledge of biological processes in mammals regulating growth and determining the size of a body. This profound understanding of body size development will not only be of high importance for livestock breeding but will also provide better understanding of growth biology, developmental genetics and disturbances in growth processes.

Results:

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12864-022-08801-4

Cooperation Partners:

Prof. Dr. Stefan Mundlos, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Genetik, Berlin

Funding: DFG, 466.350 EUR

Project Details:
The objective of this research work is to evaluate the genetic architecture of body size using a pig model in a multi-omics approach. It particularly aims at in-depth investigations of interrelations of size determining variants, transcriptional variation among miniature and large size as well as the identification of topologically associated domains (TADs) and putative enhancers involved in body size determination. This study is particularly focusing on the elucidation of the regulatory landscape in pigs and its essential role in the determination of body size.Initial analyses of whole genome sequencing data of miniature versus standard sized breeds/populations are supposed to identify potential signatures of selection reflecting high selection pressures in both directions- miniature and large size- harboring variants causative for the miniaturization across-breeds. Subsequently, I aim at detecting chromatin interactions defined as TADs and putative enhancer elements in the region of these variants involved in size-determination by targeting high intensity peaks of chromatin interactions from Hi-C analysis as well as high histone modification levels associated with active enhancers (H3K27ac and H3K4me1) from ChIP-seq in the growth plates of the long bones. These marks of active DNA sequences will then be linked to transcriptional variation in-between miniature and large pigs. An in vitro model will be established for further functional validation.This will be the first study investigating genomic and functional effects on body size specifically targeting growth plates in pigs. Based on these data, we aim at increasing the knowledge of biological processes in mammals regulating growth and determining the size of a body. This profound understanding of body size development will not only be of high importance for livestock breeding but will also provide better understanding of growth biology, developmental genetics and disturbances in growth processes.

Results:

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12864-022-08801-4

Cooperation Partners:

Prof. Stefan Mundlos, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Genetik, Berlin

Project Details:
Das Projekt untersucht die Pathogenese der Rifttalfieberenzephalitis im Mausmodell. Rifttalfieber ist eine virale Zoonose, die in seltenen, aber schweren, teils fatalen Fällen zu einer Enzephalitis in Humanpatienten führt. Wichtige Details zu deren Pathogenese, insbesondere der Infektionsweg, die intrazerebrale Virusausbreitung und die Rolle der (intrazerebralen) Immunantwort sind bisher nicht vollständig geklärt. Das Projekt erforscht den Verlauf der Rifttalfieberenzephalitis nach intranasaler Infektion bei verschiedenen immundefizienten Knockoutmäusen im Vergleich mit immunkompetenten Wildtypmäusen, um die genaue Rolle verschiedener Immunzellen in der Pathogenese zu charakterisieren.

Results:

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36293352/ (2022 Oct 18)

Funding: Gesellschaft der Freunde der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover e.V. (GdF), 15.600 EUR

Project Details:
Growing evidence indicates that exercise has the potential to reduce components of Parkinson's disease (PD)-related pathology. PD progression starts early before onset of the cardinal motor signs and subtle motor and non-motor dysfunctions are evident even in the early prodromal stage before clinical disease diagnosis (Berg et al. 2021 Nat Rev Neurol). We therefore examine whether and to which degree exercise affects disease pathology and progression in young mice that overexpress human wildtype alpha-synuclein under the Thy-1 promotor (Thy1-aSyn mice) and replicate PD hallmarks by developing, among others, robust fine motor deficits at two months of age (Chesselet, Richter et al. 2012 Neurotherapeutics). We hypothesize that early intervention by exercise has a disease-modifying effect during prodromal phase in Thy1-aSyn mice and can be applied as a non-pharmacological preventive strategy for early-stage PD (Schäffer et al. 2020 Neurology). Next, we will administer a substance to the animal model, which shows increased levels under exercise and neuroprotective properties in other neurodegenerative diseases.

Cooperation Partners:

Prof Dr. Daniela Berg (Neurologie, Christian-Albrechts Universität Kiel), Prof. Dr. Christiane Wrann (Harvard Medical School)

Project Details:
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Funding: Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes

Project Details:
We investigate the pathophysiological pathways underlying post-COVID-19 syndrome with the goal to develop biomarkers and rational therapeutic intervention.

Cooperation Partners:

Prof. Dr. Gülsah Gabriel (TiHo, HPI Hamburg), Prof. Dr. Günter Höglinger (Neurology, MHH), Prof. Dr. Ulrich Kalinke (TWINCORE Hannover)

Funding: Helmholtz-Zentrum hereon GmbH, Geesthacht, 16.660 EUR

Project Details:
The Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, ITAW, will support Hereon in this project as a subcontractor in the execution of the following tasks with expert services on the impacts of large offshore wind farms on the overall ecological-economic context in the North and Baltic Seas.
-Overview of the obligations arising from the Marine Strategy Framework Directive and the status of the indicators.
-Large-scale shifts in marine mammal abundance as a result of avoidance responses to the presence of large-scale OWPs.
-Possible population effects for various marine mammals in the North Sea and Baltic Sea due to habitat loss and health risks from large-scale OWPs in Germany and neighboring countries.
-Effects of underwater noise on marine mammals from blasting, OWP construction and shipping.
-Increased human impact on marine mammals in OWP-free areas due to the accumulation of anthropogenic activities that cannot take place in OWP areas (e.g. fishing, shipping, sand and gravel extraction).
Identification of future research needs, in particular:
-Quantification of possible effects on the occurrence of various marine mammals in the OWP area (density effects).
-Effects of blasting, pile driving and construction and supply vessels on marine mammals.
-Research into possible effects and effect-reducing potentials of larger wind turbines and other wind turbine and OWP designs on marine mammals.

Cooperation Partners:

Helmholtz-Zentrum hereon GmbH, Geesthacht

Dachverband Deutscher Avifaunisten, Münster

Thünen-Institut für Seefischerei, Bremerhaven

Funding: TIB, 5.427 EUR

Project Details:
In relation to the human-induced biodiversity crisis, we are organizing a semester-long elective module in the Bachelor's degree program in Biology on insect diversity in the city with data collection in the urban environment of the students.
Online educational resources (OERs) are created for this module as a guide for both students and lecturers and published on twillo (https://www.twillo.de/oer/web/). The collected data will be published on an online platform (www.colkat.de) and published in an entomological journal.

Results:

https://www.twillo.de/edu-sharing/components/render/199cd171-3733-4e44-9569-46bf7a3f07e6

Funding: Ministerium für Landwirtschaft, ländliche Räume, Europa und Verbraucherschutz (MLLEV), 42.507 EUR

Project Details:
Title: Scientific investigation of seals released in accordance with animal welfare regulations, especially with regard to infectious diseases & zoonotic potentials as well as the scientific training of personnel of the stranding network for the North and Baltic Seas of Schleswig-Holstein
The harbor seal is the most common marine mammal species in Schleswig-Holstein and causes the most call-outs for seal hunters. In the last three decades, seal populations have experienced several major epizootics, but have subsequently grown in size again. In recent years, however, it has been observed that this growth has stagnated and younger seals in particular are disappearing from the populations.
Seals can be carriers of infectious agents such as the Phocine distemper virus, influenza viruses, brucella and erysipelas, some of which can have fatal consequences for the individual animal or the population. These infectious agents are often zoonotic in nature and can promote secondary infections with other pathogens such as Bordetella bronchiseptica or toxoplasmosis.
In addition to comprehensive pathological examinations of the seals, microbiological, virological and parasitological examinations will also be carried out in this project.
Particular attention will be paid to the young animals in order to check whether there may be health related reasons for their decline. For this purpose, a representative number of all seals handed in by seal hunters from the North and Baltic Seas will be selected and subjected to complete post-mortems and further examinations.
The scientific findings will be directly incorporated into the work of the seal hunters, who will receive regular training in the detection of diseases and the handling of marine mammals. Hygiene measures and documentation materials will be developed and reviewed, and accident prevention training will be provided. To this end, a scientific exchange with the seal hunters will take place throughout the entire research project period.