Research

Funding: COVID-19-Forschungsnetzwerkes COFONI vom Niedersächsischen Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Kultur über die Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, 50.000 EUR

Project Details:
This project aims at
(1) Establish a database for BSL-3 sample biobanking from preclinical in vivo models of
COVID-19 disease within COFONI-network
(2) Initial review and meta-analysis of internationally available data on preclinical in vivo
models of COVID-19 disease

Project Details:
Animal welfare of pigs kept on farms includes both the well-being and the health of the animals. In Germany, there have been legal changes in relation to pig farming in recent years in order to achieve greater animal welfare. The study examines whether users inform themselves about topics concerning animal welfare in pig farming in Germany in forums and blogs and whether people with a professional background use these platforms to publish their personal opinions and evaluate emerging topics. For this purpose, the discussion content of Internet users with an obvious professional reference to pig farming is identified and their reaction to posts relating to animal welfare in pig farming is analyzed by means of a qualitative content analysis (Translated with DeepL.com (free version)).

Funding: MWK, 75.880 EUR

Project Details:
Circular RNAs regulating the SARS-CoV-2 infection in the cardiovascular system.

Results:

https://www.umg.eu/forschung/corona/cofoni/

Funding: Deutsche Forschungsgesellschaft (DFG), 398.333 EUR

Project Details:
Virus emergence and re-emergence is an increasing public health
problem as globalization and climate change promote the spread of
infectious disease. This is particularly true for mosquito-borne
infections as mosquitoes continue to spread to new geographic
regions. Alphaviruses such as Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) belong to the group of
mosquito-borne viruses, which cause pathology in humans. The re-emerging CHIKV is causing long-lasting arthritis like symptoms, while
VEEV infection leads to encephalitis. Why the two viruses from the
same family cause pathologies in different tissues, i.e. joints versus
central nervous system (CNS), is unclear to date. This gap of
knowledge is reflected by the fact that few host factors for CHIKV and
VEEV are known. Here we capitalize on our findings that the
phosphatidylserine (PS) receptor T cell immunoglobulin mucin
receptor 1 (TIM-1) and a tetraspanin are host factors for CHIKV. We
hypothesize that (a) VEEV also hijacks PS receptors and tetraspanins
to infect human cells, (b) TIM-1 and the tetraspanin interact with
additional proteins to promote infection with CHIKV and possibly
VEEV and (c) that a subset of these host factors contribute to tissue
tropism of CHIKV and VEEV. To test our hypothesis we will initially
use unbiased state of the art quantitative proteomics methods to
identify entry factors and receptors of CHIKV and VEEV. Next we will
screen PS receptors and all 33 human tetraspanins for their role in
VEEV infection by RNA interference in human cells. TIM-1 and
Tetraspanin associated proteins will be identified by proximity labeling
in conjunction with high-resolution affinity enrichment mass
spectrometry. Finally we will investigate the contribution of the
identified host factors to tissue tropism of CHIKV and VEEV using
proteomics, single cell sequencing and virological methods.
Specifically, we will infect skin organotypic raft cultures and determine
the predominantly infected cell type as well as expression levels of
identified host factors in the susceptible versus refractory cells.
Additionally we will integrate expression data from online repositories
and measure proteomes of relevant cell types including fibroblasts
and neuronal cells. Using feature selection approaches, we will
identify host factors, which likely contribute to the distinct tissue
tropism and pathologies caused by CHIKV and VEEV. These host
factors will be systematically knocked out first in relevant cell types
and then in mice to delineate the contribution to disease manifestation
in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, this research program aims at
providing mechanistic insight into the infection processes caused by
two important human pathogens, CHIKV and VEEV. The results will
help understand disease mechanisms and may ultimately reveal drug
targets for therapeutic intervention with Chikungunya fever and
Venezuelan equine encephalitis.

Funding: #

Project Details:
The decline in insect biodiversity with negative consequences for food webs and the loss of ecosystem services is currently dramatic. The causes of the decline in insect diversity are manifold, the qualitative deterioration of their habitats, whether on land or in water, light pollution, habitat loss, competition from invasive species and environmental toxins are just some of the factors. As part of this pilot project, flowering areas and nesting aids for insects are being created on the grounds of the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation. The results of a species inventory serve as the basis for targeted measures to improve the habitat. The optimizations, e.g. the creation of flowering areas with regional wildflowers, deadwood areas and insect nesting aids, are only the first steps.
Through these measures to promote key species groups, such as wild bees and butterflies, other groups of organisms can also be promoted through deadweight effects due to the improved structural offer, in order to achieve a sustainable optimization of the entire TiHo site.
Further steps are planned as part of the project, which will be scientifically supported by Bachelor's and Master's theses. The TiHo grounds, which are near-natural in many areas, already provide important habitats for numerous rare animals and plants in the urban environment. These habitats are to be recorded in detail, protected and optimized. Other planned measures include improving the ecological condition of the Bünte pond in the park, creating an interactive insect trail and an exhibition with measures to promote biodiversity in urban areas.

Funding: Milchwirtschaft Niedersachsen e.V. (LVN), 30.000 EUR

Project Details:
Klinische und subklinische Mastitiden führen zu Einbußen in der Qualität und Wirtschaftlichkeit der Milchwirtschaft. Häufig werden Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) und Streptococcus
uberis (S. uberis) als Erreger nachgewiesen, durch die Antibiogrammpflicht neuerdings vermehrt auch multiresistente Escherichia coli (E. coli). Der Einsatz von Antibiotika soll in
Hinblick auf die mögliche Verbreitung resistenter und ultiresistenter Erreger so weit wie möglich gesenkt werden. Es wird daher dringend nach alternativen Behandlungsmethoden
mit einer hohen antibakteriellen Wirksamkeit gesucht.
Die Ziele des Projektes sind:
a) Isolierung und Charakterisierung geeigneter Phagen
b) Auswahl von Phagen mit hoher Wirksamkeit gegenüber klinischen
Bakterienisolaten aus der Milchviehhaltung
c) Langfristig soll eine Erhöhung der Wirtschaftlichkeit der Milchviehhaltung dadurch erreicht werden, dass innovative und naturnahe Therapien ohne Wartezeiten entwickelt werden, die die Lieferfähigkeit der Milch nicht beeinträchtigen.
d) Zusätzlich wird mit dem Einsatz naturnaher Alternativen zur Antibiotikatherapie sowie der Verbesserung des Tierschutzes durch wirksame Behandlungsstrategien, dem Wunsch des Verbrauchers nach natürlichen Lebensmitteln Rechnung getragen. Damit liefert dieses Projekt durch Reduktion des Antibiotikaeinsatzes in der Milchproduktion neben der Verbesserung des Tierschutzes auch einen Beitrag zum gesundheitlichen Verbraucherschutz.

Funding: DZIF, BMBF, 115.000 EUR

Project Details:
The main protease 3CLpro is a prominent drug target to control corona virus (CoV) replication and associated disease. The target is structure-enabled, structurally conserved and believed to offer an opportunity for multi-/pan-CoV-inhibitor designs. Pfizer have received an Emergency Use Authorization for their first-generation 3CL inhibitor Paxlovid. This serves the important clinical target validation for Covid-19 but also demands a differentiation strategy for second generation drugs as outlined herein. We will be applying our University of Marburg (UMR) based mouse transduction CoV challenge model, optimized for SARS-CoV-2 variants-of-concern and the dosing of the herein pursued second generation 3CL inhibitors as designed and synthesized by the Lead Discovery Center (LDC). In addition, the frontrunner compound will be tested head-to-head against Paxlovid in the hamster SARS-CoV-2 disease model maintained at University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover. In so doing we contribute to the preclinical proof-of-concept and hopefully the nomination a lead compound of the second generation 3CLpro inhibitors by LDC.

Cooperation Partners:

Prof. Dr. Stephan Becker, Marburg

LDC

Funding: Verein der Förderer der Wildtierforschung e.V., 5.800 EUR

Project Details:
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Cooperation Partners:

Chadi Touma, Abteilung Verhaltensbiologie, Universität Osnabrück

Funding: MELUND, 749.985 EUR

Project Details:
The Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) is (re-)expanding in all parts of the German federal state of Schleswig-Holstein (SH) nowadays. As an aquatic mammal, otters mainly inhabit rivers, streams and lakes but also forage along the coastlines. Otters primarily feed on fish, whereas they are considered food generalists and also target amphibians, crustaceans, birds, mammals and other invertebrates. It is assumed that the decline of certain endangeredeD fish species can be linked to the growing otter population. Furthermore, there is an increase in conflicts between fisheries and otter conservation, both nationally and internationally. Therefore, an extensive evaluation of the current conflict potential between the growing otter population, fisheries situation and conservation conflicts between species is needed. This will be covered in the frame of this research project that focuses on fisheries, natural otter habitat and spawning areas of endangered salmonids in comparison:
-Installing wildlife cameras to assess the local abundance of otters
-Dietary analysis to investigate the prey spectrum of otters
-Determination of otter individuals using spraints (genetic fingerprinting)
-Evaluation of a potential conservation conflict between otters and salmonids
-Development of acustic deterrents to protect fisheries from otters
-Analysing reproduction parameters to assess the population health of otters using specimens found dead

Funding: Drittmittelprojekt, gefördert durch den Forschungskreis der Ernährungsindustrie e.V. (FEI), 206.756 EUR

Project Details:
Sodium chloride (NaCl) is used for the production of meat products such as raw sausages and cooked sausages, although there are health concerns regarding its use. In addition to techno-functional properties, NaCl not only affects the taste, but also the safety and shelf life of meat products, as NaCl contributes significantly to the hurdle concept by lowering water activity. The use of nitrite, in the form of nitrite curing salt, in meat products not only contributes to colour formation through reddening, flavour formation and antioxidant effects, but also unfolds an antimicrobial effect that leads to the inhibition of pathogenic or toxigenic bacteria such as Listeria (L.) monocytogenes and Clostridium (Cl.) botulinum. However, the consumption of heated meat products made with nitrite/nitrate carries the risk of ingesting nitrosamines, which are classified as carcinogenic. It is so far unclear what effects the individual and combined reductions of NaCl and nitrite really have with regard to shelf life and product safety in the meat products. This has to be considered especially against the background that the manufacturer is responsible for the safety of the product until the end of the best-before date and that food retailers want food with long shelf life. For this reason, in the present project at the Institute for Food Quality and Safety (LMQS), the content of NaCl and nitrite in raw sausages will be reduced, followed by analysis of their physicochemical (e.g. colour, pH value, aw value, shear force) and microbiological (e.g. total bacterial count) properties. The aim is to determine limit values which, when the salts are reduced, still lead to acceptable meat products for the industry. Taking into account the limit values, raw sausages (normal NaCl and nitrite contents, NaCl reduced, nitrite reduced, NaCl and nitrite reduced) will be produced by at least two industry partners in two repeats. After slicing the products will be packed under a protective gas atmosphere. These packages will be stored in the LMQS for up to 84 days, during which time they are regularly analysed physicochemically, microbiologically and, in the event of increased microbial content and/or spoilage, by next-generation sequencing (NGS). The aim is to identify typical (new) bacterial species (indicator germs) that are associated with the shelf life/ spoilage of raw sausages from industrial production. In addition, molecular biological methods for the detection of these indicator germs will also be developed. Finally, challenge tests will be carried out on packaged raw sausages with different NaCl- and nitrite-concentrations after inoculation with the detected indicator germ and Cl. sporogenes, a surrogate of Cl. botulinum. The aim is to determine the behaviour of these bacterial species in or on raw sausages with different NaCl and nitrite contents.

Cooperation Partners:

Deutsches Institut für Lebensmitteltechnik (DIL) in Quakenbrück