Research

Funding: Evangelisches Studienwerk Villigst, 44.500 EUR

Project Details:
Pre-clinical investigations of the anticonvulsant efficacy of a specific MAGL inhibitor

Project Details:
Blutchemische SDMA-Bestimmungen

Cooperation Partners:

LABOKLIN - Fachlabor für veterinärmedizinische Diagnostik

Funding: University of Glasgow, 8.400 EUR

Project Details:
The ears of 15 long-finned pilot whales (Globicephala melas) that mass stranded on July 2023 and on July 2024 in Scotland were collected and fixed during the comprehensive post-mortem examination. They were subsequently sent to ITAW for inner ear analysis. Several complementary analysis techniques will be used to evaluate the ears, depending on the preservation status of the sample. Specifically, techniques optimized in cetaceans such as scanning electron microscopy or immunofluorescence (and histopathology for the less fresh individuals) will be performed to determine whether an animal suffered a hearing loss. With scanning electron microscopy it is possible to observe evidence of lesions within the sensory cells at very high resolution, which can be distinguished from post-mortem decomposition artifacts. On the other hand, with the immunofluorescence technique that we have implemented for ears of marine mammals, we can use a combination of several markers to label the sensory cells and associated neurons at the same time. In addition, we can distinguish between newly formed lesions (that could be associated to the stranding) from old ones. Finally, histopathology is ideal to detect hemorrhages and infections that could have impaired the hearing of the animal, as well as the evaluation of the spiral ganglion neurons, which are the neurons that bring the auditory information from the inner ear to the brain. Hearing impairment can be caused by several factors, including noise exposure, age, ototoxic drugs exposure, pollutants, infections, and congenital disorders. If cases of hearing loss are found, we will evaluate which could be the most likely causes. Including the inner ear collections and analysis within the post-mortem examination protocol in stranded cetaceans (and mass stranded, even if the logistics associated are even more challenging) is essential to detect potential cases of hearing loss, which is particularly relevant in cetaceans that use hearing for all their vital activities.

Project Details:
Overall statistics covering the last 20 breeding years to investigate influences and correlations between maternal, paternal, gender health, genetic and environmental factors and their impact on reproductive performance.

Cooperation Partners:

Deutscher Galopp e.V., Köln

Funding: MEKUN, 172.488 EUR

Project Details:
The occurrence of harbor seals in the waters of Schleswig-Holstein has increased in recent years. At the same time, the seals are exposed to an increasing amount of human activity. These include chemical pollution, offshore wind turbine constructions, the Fehmarnbelt crossing, shipping, military and civilian detonations (munitions disposal), fishing, litter, habitat loss and other disturbances such as tourism. The increasing grey seal population in the North Sea has also led to the predation and rape of seals by grey seals in recent years.
As part of this research project, a total of 30 dead seals from the Schleswig-Holstein North Sea and Baltic Sea are to be examined in-depth for their state of health. These 30 individuals will be examined in addition to the 30 seals that will be necropsied as part of the project, which is funded by the Supreme Hunting Authority in the Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Areas, Europe and Consumer Protection of Schleswig-Holstein (MLLEV), bringing the total number of necropsied seals from Schleswig-Holstein to 60. Histological, microbiological and parasitological examinations will be carried out.

Project Details:
Infections with adenoviruses have been detected in hand-reared Common swifts in connection with stomatitis. As part of this project, the virus is to be investigated in more detail and its spread in the wild population of swifts and swallows, as possible carriers, is to be determined in the Hanover area.

Funding: Bezirksamt Hamburg-Nord, 48.000 EUR

Project Details:
The establishment of pigeon lofts for urban pigeons is an important component in the management of the pigeon population for many cities. With this background, the influence of a newly installed pigeon loft for urban pigeons on the development and health status of the neighboring pigeon population, the occurrence of pigeon-specific pathogens and the contamination by pigeons in the catchment area will be investigated in the city of Hamburg over a period of two years.

Cooperation Partners:

Frau Dr. Anke Höfer

Fachamt Verbraucherschutz, Gewerbe und Umwelt:

Veterinärwesen und Lebensmittelüberwachung, Hamburg

Project Details:
GnRH agonists are frequently used in practice to treat diseases of the reproductive system in privately reared laying hens. After surgical removal of the oviduct, suppression of gonadal activity is essential. The aim of the planned studies is to examine the influence of such a resection of the laying intestine on the effect of the slow-release GnRH agonist deslorelin in clinical use. In order to assess the effect of the GnRH agonist, the activity of the ovary and oviduct will be evaluated by determining the sex hormones and by sonographic examination.

Funding: Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt, 233.000 EUR

Project Details:
The project aims to develop a time- and location-based, digital, and mobile decision aid for citizens who have found a wild animal in nature. It enables the identification of the species and, based on the symptoms, provides a help recommendation through a decision tree. Specific contacts for further information are also provided.

Funding: MEKUN, 133.105 EUR

Project Details:
The aim of the study applied for here is to investigate the habitat use of harbor porpoises in the western part of the Baltic Sea in a follow-up project using "passive-acoustic monitoring". To this end, harbor porpoise click detectors (C-PODs, Ceatacean_Porpoise_Detectors) were deployed at a total of four locations in March 2021 to record the presence of harbor porpoises. In August 2023, another station funded by the German Wildlife Foundation was deployed in the Baltic Sea. The monitoring stations in operation (Holnis, Bredgrund, Schleisand, Damp and Waabs) are intended to close the existing gap in the monitoring network between Fehmarn and Denmark. The habitat of harbor porpoises in the Baltic Sea is heavily influenced by human activities and factors that can have a negative impact on harbor porpoise populations. These include commercial shipping, tourist leisure activities, seismic surveys, military activities, fishing, offshore construction, blasting of old munitions, chemical and pharmaceutical pollution and marine litter.
In the Baltic Sea in particular, the harbor porpoise continues to be threatened by fishing with gillnets, in which harbor porpoises can end up as unintentional bycatch. In order to warn harbor porpoises of gillnets, acoustic warning devices are increasingly being used in the German Baltic Sea to warn porpoises of nets. These warning devices (Porpoise Alert = PAL) simulate the communication sound of harbor porpoises. Whether these devices lead to a reduction in by-catches has not yet been conclusively investigated. There is also currently no accompanying research to investigate whether these devices lead to the displacement of harbor porpoises.
The anthropogenic interventions described are only the most serious for the harbor porpoise. All these activities have a simultaneous effect on the harbor porpoise population and cannot be considered separately. The absence of older animals among the harbor porpoises captured and stranded in all study areas could be an indication that harbor porpoises in the Baltic Sea are affected by cumulative anthropogenic activities.

This study addresses the following questions:

1. Where do harbor porpoises occur in the western Baltic Sea?
2. Are there seasonal trends in the occurrence of harbor porpoises?
3. Which areas are of high ecological importance for harbor porpoises (e.g. foraging hotspots)?
4. Can the C-POD data collected as part of this monitoring be used to investigate the effects of blasting on harbor porpoises?
5. Can recommendations be derived from the results for certain periods when blasting should be considered more critically than in others?
6. Does the presence of PAL signals have an influence on the dating of harbor porpoises?

Results:

In 2021, continuous acoustic monitoring of porpoises was launched for the first time in the Schleswig-Holstein section of the Baltic Sea, between the Flensburg Fjord and Eckernförde Bay. In 2023, a further monitoring station was added, extending the monitoring network southwards. A total of five monitoring stations (Holnis, Bredgrund, Schleisand, Damp and Waabs) are in operation, equipped with click detectors (C-PODs) to record the echolocation sounds (clicks) of porpoises. The monitoring has provided acoustic data on the occurrence and seasonal presence of porpoises.

In addition to genuine porpoise clicks, an increasing number of artificial porpoise clicks from acoustic warning devices were recorded. These warning devices are known as Porpoise Alerting Devices (PALs) and are used in gillnet fishing to warn porpoises of the presence of nets by emitting artificial, porpoise-like click signals, thereby reducing bycatch. The devices emit high-frequency click sequences with a centre frequency of around 130 kHz, which are acoustically almost indistinguishable from natural porpoise clicks.

As PALs emit artificial click signals that can be misclassified by C-PODs as genuine porpoise clicks, it was necessary to develop a specialised PAL detector. This was based on a standalone C-POD-PAL array experiment, which was carried out as a supplementary research project. The experiment was carried out at the Bredgrund station from July to October 2023 over a period of 93 days. A total of eleven C-PODs were deployed in a star-shaped pattern at varying distances around a central PAL. The PAL operated cyclically (24 hours on, 26 hours off), enabling direct comparisons between PAL-active and PAL-inactive phases. Using machine learning and a combination of various classification algorithms, the artificial porpoise clicks could be identified automatically.

After filtering the PAL signals, the data showed that porpoises were detected acoustically throughout the year at all monitoring stations in 2024 (Waabs 36.8%, Bredgrund 25.7%, Schleisand 13.9%, Holnis 11.1% and Damp 4.9% detection-positive 10-minute intervals (DP10M) as a median across the day). A comparison between the stations shows that both Waabs in Eckernförde Bay and Bredgrund in the Geltinger Birk area had the highest detection rates. Generalised additive models (GAMs) were used to analyse the annual and diurnal patterns of porpoise detections. The day of the year, the hour of the day and the year of the study were taken into account as explanatory variables. Harbout porpoise detections peaked in spring and autumn (bimodal distribution), with increased detections observed at the southern monitoring stations Damp and Waabs during the breeding season (August-September). Detections declined during the summer months, presumably due to low oxygen saturation in the shallow water or increased tourist activity. Diurnal effects were generally weak, but occurred more frequently at night at the Bredgrund and Waabs stations.

The results of porpoise monitoring in the western Baltic Sea show that PALs not only interfere with acoustic monitoring from a technical perspective, but also cause measurable changes in porpoise behaviour. Areas with a long-term presence of PALs must therefore be classified as habitats subject to significant anthropogenic influence.

The combination of continuous monitoring, PAL filtering, model-based analysis and the consideration of acute disturbance events such as blasting provides an important basis for management and conservation measures under the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Continuation and further development of the monitoring programme are necessary to better assess long-term trends and cumulative effects.