Research

Funding: Niedersächsisches Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Kultur, 367.220 EUR

Project Details:
In Lower Saxony, data on disease outbreaks and pathogens relevant for public health in humans, animals and food are collected and held by the Governmental Institute of Public Health of Lower Saxony (NLGA) and the Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety (LAVES). This includes data from active and passive monitoring and surveillance systems (MOSS), but also unstructured, event-driven information like requests or reports by local authorities, media or the public.
Currently, there is no framework that enables digitally linking such information, leading to potential data misinterpretation and impairing any joint analysis. However, in order to support an overarching One Health management in Lower Saxony, the exchange of all classes of information is vital.
This project therefore aims at developing a conceptual design using underlying meta-data structures to allow targeted integration and analysis of information, and demonstrating its effectiveness. It will lead to new practical concepts which allow to exchange and use One Health data. It will also clarify the legal framework that permits scientific use of data, offering new opportunities for both the scientific community and administrative bodies. These efforts are a prerequisite for generating and establishing models of risk assessment in order to inform policy makers’ decisions in risk management.
Therefore, the two key hypotheses of the Connect OHD consortium are that integration of data related to One Health from existing public health data sources
1. will improve the understanding of One Health issues, support identification of risk factors and transmission routes of zoonotic infections, and contribute to early detection of outbreaks
2. will help to develop innovative strategies to manage zoonotic infections.

Results:

Schnepf A, Hille K, van Mark G, Winkelmann T, Remm K, Kunze K, Velleuer R, Kreienbrock L., Basis for a One Health Approach—Inventory of Routine Data Collec-tions on Zoonotic Diseases in Lower Saxony, Germany. Zoonotic Dis 2024;4(1):57-73. doi:10.3390/zoonoticdis4010007

https://www.tiho-hannover.de/ibei/forschung/shiny-apps

Cooperation Partners:

Niedersächsisches Landesgesundheitsamt (NLGA), Hannover

Niedersächsisches Landesamt für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit, Oldenburg

Funding: Ministerium für Energiewende, Landwirtschaft, Umwelt, Natur und Digitalisierung, 219.068 EUR

Project Details:
The harbour porpoises´ habitat in the North and Baltic Seas of Schleswig-Holstein is exposed to an increasing number of anthropogenic activities. These include offshore construction works, shipping traffic, military activities, detonation of ammunition waste, chemical and pharmaceutical pollution and fisheries as well as micro and macro debris. A strong decrease of the harbour porpoise population has been observed in the German North Sea within the framework of the monitoring program funded by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. The systematic population surveys indicate a decrease of harbour porpoises in the Baltic Sea as well. Furthermore, the analysis of age distribution and reproductive capacity of harbour porpoises from waters of Schleswig-Holstein shows that animals die very young and especially females only have a short life time period to reproduce.

The age distribution of the dead animals indicates that a lot of females die before or shortly after sexually maturing. Therefore, it is essential to obtain a detailed overview of biological basic data as well as pathological features. These data are fundamental, because they are passed on to ASCOBANS, ICES, HELCOM, OSPAR and IWC. The health status of recently dead harbour porpoises from the North and Baltic Seas of Schleswig-Holstein shall be investigated extensively in the context of this project. Histological, immunocytochemical, virological and microbiological examinations will be conducted. In the case of a sudden increase of dead harbour porpoises, immediate investigations shall clarify the potential causes and context. Bycaught harbour porpoises are supposed to be provided by the fishermen directly in order to assess the health status as well as age and sex distribution of the bycatch.

Results:

Berichte/Monitoring

Totfundmonitoring Keinwale und Kegelrobben

https://www.schleswig-holstein.de/DE/fachinhalte/A/artenschutz/meeressaeuger

Funding: Ministerium für Energiewende, Landwirtschaft, Umwelt, Natur und Digitalisierung, Schleswig-Holstein, 121.269 EUR

Project Details:
The grey seal populations in the North Sea and Baltic waters of Schleswig-Holstein continued to increase in recent years. The urgency to investigate the health status of these marine mammals is growing with the populations, due to the assumption that grey seals may play a part in the spread of infectious diseases in consequence of their migratory behaviour. This research project aims to investigate the health status and causes of death of grey seals dying in coastal waters of Schleswig-Holstein. The parasitic, viral and bacterial burden, including zoonotic infectious agents, shall be assessed in terms of potential changes. Grey seals found and transported to the ITAW for examination in the investigation period 2020 to 2023 shall be fully necropsied. Histological, parasitological, virological and microbiological investigations will be conducted. Furthermore, these data will be compared with results from previous years in order to assess the health status development. Additionally, the development of habitat utilisation and genetic composition of the grey seal populations shall be investigated and evaluated. In this process, possible changes of haul-out and pupping site use shall be analysed. The gained data will be exchanged with neighbouring countries. The Common Wadden Sea Secretariat (CWSS), the Trilateral Seal Expert Group (TSEG) as well as the HELCOM Seal Health Group for the Baltic Sea and the OSPAR Marine Mammal Expert Group play an important role here.

Results:

Berichte (PDF) Totfundmonitoring von Kleinwalen und Kegelrobben in Schleswig-Holstein

https://www.schleswig-holstein.de/DE/fachinhalte/A/artenschutz/totfundmonitoring.html

Funding: Rentenbank, 629.341 EUR

Project Details:
Im Projekt OPTILITT-TRANSFER werden drainierte Bodenbereiche unmittelbar unter den Tränkelinien installiert, wodurch eine direkte Trennung von sehr feuchter Einstreu geschaffen wird. In einem weiteren Schritt werden zusätzliche Ebenen an den Wandseiten im Stall installiert. Nach bisherigen Erkenntnissen nehmen Masthühner erhöhte Flächen gerne an. Die Tiere haben mehr Platz, da sich die Besatzdichte in Relation zur Grundfläche des Stalles nicht ändert. Insbesondere in Bereichen, die für artgemäßes Verhalten (Scharren, Hudern) notwendig sind, ist eine erheblich günstigere Einstreuqualität zu erwarten. Insgesamt können durch den Ansatz substantielle Verbesserungen im Sinne der Tiergesundheit (Fußballen etc.) und des Tierwohles erreicht werden.

Cooperation Partners:

Industriepartner

Funding: Drittmittelprojekt, gefördert durch Bundesministerium für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft., 161.918 EUR

Project Details:
This sub-project within the KontRed consortium on the use of bacteriocins in food production aims at identifying bacteriocins that are suitable for use against Salmonella and Campylobacter in meat production systems . Bacteriocins are ribosomally synthesised proteins that inhibit the growth of closely related bacteria. While the bacteriocin Nisin has been used for more than a decade in food production, it only acts against gram positive bacteria. Novel bacteriocins that reduce the growth of gram negative bacteria are urgently needed. Their application during food production on equipment, package material or directly on the food product could reduce the risk of foodborne infections for the consumer.

Funding: Bundesamt für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie, BSH , 160.000 EUR

Project Details:
The joint research project aims to conduct the scientific accompaniment and support of the further operationalisation of the expert information network for environmental surveys of the Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency, MARLIN-Marine Life Investigator, in connection with the legally protected good "harbour porpoise". The focus of three work packages (FP1-3) is on quality assurance of data from environmental impact studies (FP1), evaluations from the expert information network MARLIN (FP2) as well as knowledge generation and transfer as part of the first operational utilisation of MARLIN (FP3).
FP1, scientific development of criteria for the quality assurance of data from environmental impact studies:
The first research package aims to establish a consistent quality level of the different data sources in order to be able to conduct analyses within the scope of case studies. Environmental impact study data entering the expert information network MARLIN shall be verified automatically by developing system check routine surveyed and refined by the ITAW.
FP2, scientific development of criteria for the analysis of data gained by different acquisition methods of the environmental impact studies:
The impact of offshore wind farms on the marine environment is investigated since 2002 in the context of the standard investigation concept of the Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency. Different methods were applied during the assessment of the legally protected good "harbour porpoise" in the environmental impact studies: ship-based and airplane-based (observer and digital flight surveys) assessments. In FP2, scientific analysis criteria shall be developed via data from these different methods and subsequently elements for new requirements using research tools.
FP3, evaluation of standard investigation concept and case study about validation of quality controlled data:
In FP3, a scientific validation of the current extent of investigation, methods and the design following StUK4 shall be conducted with regard to the harbour porpoise. Furthermore, the quality controlled data from FP1 and FP2 are supposed to be linked user friendly with further geodata in a case study.

Funding: Landesmittel und Mittel der Europäischen Union aus dem Europäischen Landwirtschaftsfond für die Entwicklung des ländlichen Raums (ELER) im Rahmen des Programms zur Förderung der Entwicklung im ländlichen Raum Niedersachsen und Bremen 2014 bis 2020, 49.319 EUR

Project Details:
Klauen- und Gliedmaßenprobleme zählen zu einer der häufigsten Abgangsursachen bei Milchkühen und stellen damit ein zentrales Problem in Milchviehherden dar. Neben frühzeitigen Tierabgängen als negatives Resultat von Klauen- und Gliedmaßenerkrankungen stellt bereits das Lahmheitsauf-kommen in Milchviehbeständen ein großes Problem dar. Die Lahmheit ist ein Zeichen starker Schmerzen, weshalb die Kuh eine Schonhaltung einnimmt. Die empfundenen Schmerzen verursachen dem Tier Stress, es fühlt sich extrem unwohl, verändert sein Sauf-, Fress- und Liegeverhalten, was wiederum zu Stoffwechsel-, Fruchtbarkeits- und weiteren Gesundheitsproblemen führt. Dem Tierschutzgesetz folgend sind unnötige Schmerzen, Leiden und Schäden von Tieren fern zu halten.
Ziel dieser Untersuchungen ist es, die Korrelation zwischen Fettpolster der Klaue, Rückenfettdicke, Stoffwechsellage, Laktationsstadium und allgemeinem Gesundheitsstatus innerhalb eines Lebenszyklus einer Kuh zu identifizieren.

Cooperation Partners:

Landwirtschaftliches Bildungszentrum Echem der Landwirtschaftskammer Niedersachsen (LBZ Echem)

Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Lehrstuhl für Anatomie, Histologie und Embryologie (LMU München), vertreten durch Herrn Prof. Dr. Johann Maierl

Lünehöfe KG, Echem, vertreten durch Herrn Tim Philipp Junge

Agrarproduktion Breitenworbis GmbH & Co KG, vertreten durch Herr Wilfried Sondermann

Praxisbetrieb (Futterbaubetrieb) des Kompetenzzentrum Klaue des LBZ Echem, vertreten durch Herrn Lars Schulz

Funding: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Projektträger DLR, 217.069 EUR

Project Details:
In den letzten Jahren wurden neben Arboviren, die eine ernsthafte Bedrohung für die öffentliche Gesundheit darstellen, eng verwandte Viren aus der gleichen Virusfamilie beschrieben, welche durch ihre Insektenspezifität als nicht-humanpathogen oder wirbeltierpathogen angesehen werden. Diese Apathogenität gegenüber Mensch und Wirbeltier macht die insektenspezifischen Viren zu einem interessanten Modell für Arboviren, deren Evolution und Wechselwirkung mit Vektoren. Insektenviren haben weiterhin das Potential Arbovirus-Übertragungen zu hemmen und so direkt zu einer Verbesserung der öffentlichen Gesundheit beizutragen. In dieser Studie soll eine interdisziplinäre Herangehensweise, bestehend aus virologischer, verhaltensbiologischer und ökologischer Sicht, einen Fortschritt in der Vektorkontrolle erzielen. Hierbei soll die Interaktion von Culex pipiens molestus Mücken mit Insektenviren und insektiziden Wirkstoffen näher erforscht und die Anwendbarkeit einer solchen trilateralen Interaktion in der integrierten Stechmückenbekämpfung untersucht werden.

Results:

Heinig-Hartberger, M.; Hellhammer, F.; Zöller, D.D.J.A.; Dornbusch, S.; Bergmann, S.; Vocadlova, K.; Junglen, S.; Stern, M.; Lee, K.-Z.; Becker, S.C. (2023) Culex Y Virus: A Native Virus of Culex Species Characterized In Vivo. Viruses 15: 235. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15010235

https://doi.org/10.3390/v15010235

Cooperation Partners:

Dr. Kwang-Zin Lee, Frauenhofer IME

Funding: Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt (DBU), 145.203 EUR

Project Details:
Eine große Herausforderung für die heimische Tierproduktion ist eine immer weitergehende Reduktion der damit einhergehenden unerwünschten Umwelteffekte. Diese gilt insbesondere bezüglich des P-Eintrags durch Düngung / Gülle in die natürliche Umwelt und der daraus resultierenden potenziellen Eutrophierung der Grund- und Oberflächenwässer. Deshalb ist bei der Nutztierfütterung eine gerade noch bedarfsdeckende P-Versorgung anzustreben, da jeder P-Überschuss im Tierfutter über die Gülle in die natürliche Umwelt eingetragen wird. Vor diesem Hintergrund stellt ein bedarfsgerechter P-Gehalt in einem bestimmten Futtermittel ein neues "Qualitätsmerkmal" dar, auf das hin die heute angebotenen Mischfutter optimiert werden.
Für eine entsprechende P-Optimierung im Tierfutter durch eine P-Abtrennung und/oder Umwandlung in tierverfügbare P-Formen wird hier exemplarisch die Kleie als ein "klassisches" Futtermittel (1,5 Mt/a in Deutschland) untersucht. Dazu sollen mithilfe unterschiedlicher biokatalytischer und/oder mechanisch-chemischer Verfahren technisch darstellbare Prozesse für die Futtermittel-Konditionierung entwickelt und diese im Rahmen integrierter Bioraffinerie-Gesamtkonzepte technisch sowie ökonomisch und ökologisch bewertet werden.

Cooperation Partners:

Institut für Technische Biokatalyse der TUHH,

Institut für Biotechnologie der RWTH,

sowie mehrere assoziierte Partner aus der Industrie

Funding: DFG STE 1428/5-2, 191.719 EUR

Project Details:
Arboviruses are transmitted between vertebrate host and arthropod vectors. Many of these viruses cause neurological defects or abortions in mammalian hosts. However, infection phenotypes in insects are not well characterized. The insect immune response to these arthropod-borne (arbo) viruses is key to keep infected insects sufficiently healthy to enable host finding and production of offspring, two of the major influencing factors for virus transmission. The insects' immune system relies mainly on antiviral RNA interference to combat a larger variety of different viral pathogens. This RNAi mechanism is initiated by the recognition and cleavage of double-stranded (ds) RNA by the RNAseIII enzyme Dicer-2 (Dcr-2) which then leads to degradation of intruding viral genomes by the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) including the Argonaute 2 (Ago2) protein. Furthermore, piRNA pathways are active in the germline cells to protect genomes form massive disruption through movement of transposable elements. In the past years, also piRNAs originating from arbovirus genomes were described raising the question of their role in insect’s immune responses. Pi and siRNA responses in germline tissues are of special interest in arbovirus infection since many of those viruses are transmitted vertically within a mosquito population. Especially viruses of the order Bunyavirales are efficiently transmitted through the germline to mosquito offspring without affecting the health of mosquito offspring. In contrast, the transmission of bunyaviruses to the offspring of mammals leads to severe abnormality in fetus development and often results in abortion. This raises the question how insects keep the delicate balance of allowing viral replication and the protection of offspring health to allow transovarial transmission. Furthermore, pathogen infection in mosquitoes can induce behavioral changes; for example Aedes triseriatus mosquitoes infected with La Crosse virus (Bunyaviridae) show a higher probing frequency than uninfected siblings and Zika virus (Flaviviridae) infection on neuronal cells increases neuronal activity in Aedes aegypti. These observations raise the question: By which mechanisms do arboviruses affect neuron function in insects (direct damage to neurons by infection or indirect damage by immune pathway activation).To tackle both questions, we will use the infection models for Rift valley fever virus (Bunyaviridae, RVFV) in the model insect Drosophila melanogaster and measure virus growth in different tissues, immune reaction in germlines and neuronal tissues and behavior in infected individuals by a different behavioral assays and electroantennograms. The proposed studies will help us to analyze adaptive changes in insects host seeking behavior and the underlying molecular mechanisms as well as the role of antiviral pathways in infection of germline cells.

Results:

Bergmann S, Gerhards JP, Schmitz A, Becker SC, Stern M (2021) NO synthesis in immune-challenged locust hemocytes and potential signaling to the CNS. Insects 12(10) 951. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12100951

 

Bergmann S, Bohn MC, Dornbusch S, Becker SC, Stern M (2023) Influence of RVFV infection on olfactory perception and behavior in Drosophila melanogaster. Pathogens 12: 558. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12040558

 

Bergmann S, Graf E, Hoffmann P, Becker SC, Stern M (2024) Localization of nitric oxide producing hemocytes in Aedes and Culex mosquitoes infected with bacteria. Cell Tissue Res 395: 313-326. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-024-03862-1

 

Dornbusch S, Reuter M, Parry RH, Stern M, Becker SC, Schnettler E (2024) Dicer 2 mutations in Aedes aegypti cells lead to a diminished antiviral function against Rift Valley Fever virus and Bunyamwera virus infection. J Gen Virol 105: 002046. doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.002046

https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12040558