Research

Project Details:
As part of the SeroFaSt - Mhyo project, a serological on-farm rapid test for the detection of
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infections in pigs. This test is intended to
differentiate between vaccinated and infected animals directly on the farm,
without the need for time-consuming and cost-intensive laboratory tests. The rapid identification of
infected animals should enable immediate, targeted treatment and thus lead to greater animal welfare and
and better consumer protection.

Funding: HZI, 40.035 EUR

Project Details:
SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice part 3

Funding: HZI, 26.642 EUR

Project Details:
SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice-Part 2

Funding: HZI, 36.669 EUR

Project Details:
Co-infection of viral or bacterial pathogens with SARS-CoV-2 infection in a mouse model Part 2

Funding: BMBF, 198.361 EUR

Project Details:
Noroviruses are the most prevalent viral cause of acute gastroenteritis. At least 40 noroviruses have been
described, with new variants regularly emerging. Norovirus evolution, emergence, and circulation are not
entirely understood, especially the role of a potential animal reservoir is insufficiently investigated. Several
lines of evidence suggest norovirus transmission between humans and animals. However, there is no in
vitro system to investigate interspecies transmission to date. Here we set out to establish an ex vivo system
based on intestinal biopsies of various animal species to investigate interspecies norovirus transmission
experimentally. We will use biopsies of dogs, pigs, and chickens as they are highly abundant and kept in
close contact with humans. The risk for transmission is therefore increased. Precision-cut intestinal slices
will be set up and used to investigate norovirus binding, entry/internalization, and replication in the
respective host tissues. Furthermore, the role of the known susceptibility factors, the histo blood group
antigens, will be investigated. Once established, this explant system will allow the investigation of norovirus
receptors, attachment factors and other host determinants in humans and non-human animal species. The
system will also be valuable for investigating other enteric viruses with zoonotic potential, including
coronaviruses, influenza viruses, and dog and pig-specific noroviruses.

Funding: BMBF, 122.004 EUR

Project Details:
Every year, about 750,000 people die from mosquito-borne diseases, including malaria, dengue fever, rift valley fever and chikungunya fever. The incidence of these diseases is expected to increase significantly over the next few decades, as the ranges of several mosquito species are expanding due to climate
change. Mosquitoes not only transmit diseases, but can also influence the severity of the diseases they transmit. It has been shown in experimental infections of animals, the transmission of arboviruses by mosquito bites compared to artificial infection can lead to an increase in the severity of the disease. In
addition, it is known that the saliva of insects and ticks can promote the progression of vector-borne diseases. The skin is the first organ to be exposed to an arbovirus infection, thus the initial infection events also significantly determine the course of the disease. It is therefore essential for many to investigate a natural infection of the skin via a mosquito bite. So far, this could only be achieved by in-vivo experiments (animal experiments). In this project, an alternative is to be developed by replacing animal models with human skin explants for ethical and physiological reasons. The challenge of this study will be to establish an assay in which mosquitoes can use the skin implants as potential hosts. The goal is a successful biting of the skin explants by mosquitoes. Exemplarily, in a second step the skin explants should be infected via bite of Rift Valley Fever Virus (RVFV) and/or Chikungunya Virus (CHIKV)-infected mosquitoes. If
successful, the project results will allow to choose from different models for future research questions.

Funding: Europa-Programm des Niedersächsischen Ministeriums für Wissenschaft und Kultur aus Mitteln von SPRUNG, 79.770 EUR

Project Details:
The focus is on studying the evolution of viruses in the two hosts arthropods (mosquitoes, ticks) and mammals and the implications for host receptor usage.

Cooperation Partners:

Prof. Dr. Félix Rey, Institut Pasteur, Paris, Frankreich

Funding: EU Commission, 724.000 EUR

Project Details:
Work programme 2023-2024 of the EU Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever

Cooperation Partners:

Dr. Christoph Staubach (FLI Riems)

Funding: Philipp Schwartz-Initiative, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, 38.600 EUR

Project Details:
The aim of project is to gain deeper insights into how altered FSH secretion due to GnRH agonist SRI treatment affects FSHR expression, but also how it affects SSC self-renewal, differentiation and proliferation using the dog as a model.
SSC are crucial for male fertility as they sustain spermatogenesis, the continuous process of sperm production, ensuring the maintenance of reproductive function and genetic diversity. Understanding their regulation is essential for addressing fertility issues and reproductive medicine. Besides, the aim is to investigate to what extent the SSC niche is altered, namely how RA and RA generating enzymes are affected by altered peripheral FSH secretion.
For the current project dogs were treated over 5 months with a GnRH slow release implant (SRI); after 5 months the SRI was removed and groups of dogs were surgically castrated at the time of implant removal (week 0) and 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 weeks later, respectively representing either downregulated/arrested spermatogenesis or restart of spermatogenesis at various time points. Besides, untreated healthy male and 2 month-old juvenile dogs served as controls. All samples have been previously characterised in detail within earlier projects.
As FSH is significantly reduced during downregulation and fully restored rapidly after SRI removal, these testicular samples collected during downregulation and subsequent recovery seem to be a promisining model to study effects of altered FSH signaling on SSCs and their niche in a non-rodent model.

Results:

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39631561/

Funding: GkF-Promotionsstipendium, EVSSAR Grant, 4.000 EUR

Project Details:
Die erworbene Unfruchtbarkeit aufgrund von nicht-obstruktiver Azoospermie stellt die Hauptursache für die chronische asymptomatische Orchitis (CAO) dar, eine sehr häufige Diagnose beim infertilen Rüden, aber auch beim Menschen. CAO assoziiert sind hochgradige histologische Veränderungen, wie ein Arrest der Spermatogenese sowie eine signifikante Infiltration mit Immunzellen. Die auslösende Noxe ist in der Regel unbekannt, eine Vorstellung des Patienten erfolgt meist spät und Therapiemöglichkeiten bestehen bislang nicht. Neben der Identifizierung der Immunzellen und Charakterisierung der exprimierten Entzündungsmarker konnten mittlerweile in der AG auch die Existenz resilienter Stammzellen in Hoden von an CAO leidenden azoospermen Rüden nachgewiesen werden. Es erscheint naheliegend, dass im Zusammenhang mit der CAO auch die Sertolizellfunktion gestört ist - oder möglicherweise die Störung der Funktion kausal zu sehen ist. Sertolizellen spielen eine wichtige Rolle für das Hodenmikromilieu und somit die funktionierende Spermatogenese. Um die Entwicklung, Anzahl und Funktion der Sertoli-Zellen zu untersuchen, wird die Expression verschiedener Marker in gesunden und von CAO betroffenen Hoden ausgewertet. Grundsätzlich soll mithilfe dieses Projekts ein weiterer Störungspunkt im CAO betroffenen Hoden aufzeigt und definiert werden, um zukünftige therapeutische Ansätze in den Sertoli-Zellen für die Wiederaufnahme der Spermatogenese zu ermöglichen.

Results:

https://elib.tiho-hannover.de/receive/tiho_mods_00009673

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/26/3/1108