Research

Funding: Deutsche Wild Tier Stiftung, Hamburg, 8.415 EUR

Project Details:
The harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) is the only species found in German waters. This species is protected as an Annex II and IV species under the Habitats Directives, among others. Harbour porpoises inhabit coastal waters, which means that their distribution largely overlaps anthropogenic activities. The resulting pressures on the harbour porpoise range from noise pollution and competition for prey fish to accidental bycatch in set net fisheries. The area of the Eckernförde Bay in the western German Baltic Sea is characterised by a high degree of anthropogenic use and thus has a high potential for disturbance of harbour porpoises. Set net fishing is widespread in this area and is the fishing method with the highest incidental bycatch. The area around Eckernförde also has a high incidence of shipping, as it is a rather narrow bay from which many fishing vessels leave, a harbour and training area for military activities, and a high area of tourist activities is situated here.
In order to develop effective measures for the protection of harbour porpoises, it is first necessary to investigate the habitat use of harbour porpoises in this area. In the western part of the German Baltic Sea, acoustic monitoring has been carried out by ITAW since spring 2021, but there is a gap in the area of the Eckernförde Bay. Within the framework of this research project, a monitoring station is to be deployed in the Eckernförde Bay that can meaningfully close this gap. The monitoring station will be equipped with a CPOD in spring, which will be replaced after about 3 months in order to collect data on harbour porpoise occurrence for a total of about 6 months. Underwater sound will be recorded simultaneously allowing for correlating harbour porpoise presence with the occurrence of anthropogenic noise.

Funding: Umweltbundesamt, 264.210 EUR

Project Details:
Under the Act on the Implementation of the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (AUG), the Federal Environment Agency (UBA) is the national licensing authority for all activities in Antarctica that are organised from or emanate from Germany. As part of the licensing procedure under the AUG, an environmental assessment must be carried out by UBA as the implementing authority for all notified activities in the area covered by the Antarctic Treaty.
The occurrence of fossil fuels is usually explored by seismic airguns. These devices emit acoustic signals with high sound pressure levels. So far, the data basis is insufficient to assess possible impacts on marine fauna.
The aim of this project is to assess the effects of a geoscientific, seismic survey with airguns during the expedition "WAIS-BELL" (PS 134) in 2022/23 on cetaceans in the Antarctic. Here a behavioural response study will be carried out, which will include a multidisciplinary approach combining visual recording methods and passive acoustic monitoring (PAM).
The project aims to generate data on the distribution, habitat use and possible behavioural responses of cetaceans in their Antarctic feeding area in an undisturbed and acoustically disturbed situation. The work will be carried out during seismic surveys in the Amundsen and Bellingshausen Seas and will be carried out in close cooperation between TiHo, JASCO and the AWI geophysics group in their survey programme.
The noise exposure and vocalisations of cetaceans are recorded using an autonomous acoustic recording system (AMAR), which allows the identification, localisation and tracking of vocalizing individuals. Visual recording methods (helicopter, autonomous drone, possibly bridge or crow's nest of FS Polarstern) will be used to collect data on the distribution and behavioural responses during the seismic survey as well as habitat use of the cetaceans during transits to and from the study area.
The results will contribute significantly to assessing the potential effects of seismic surveys with airguns on whales and provide important information for the management of anthropogenic activities in the Antarctic Treaty Area.

Cooperation Partners:

JASCO Applied Sciences

Prof. Rochelle Constantine und Tane van der Boon (MAUI63 project New Zealand)

Dr. Brandon Southall (Southall Environmental Associates, Inc., SEA)

Funding: TIB, 104.334 EUR

Project Details:
Within the framework of this joint project of the TiHo with the MHH, it is planned to thematically expand and extend the OER collection "Animal Welfare and Ethics" on the Lower Saxony OER platform "Twillo" to include OER contributions on agricultural livestock farming, also from the perspective of public health ethics, taking into account the One Health concept. This is based on the great importance of agriculture for Lower Saxony. Agriculture there has a share of 8.9% of the gross domestic product. The planned OER will address the economic importance of the individual livestock branches as well as the different forms of animal husbandry and the state animal welfare initiative referring to it. Animal ethics, as an established branch of philosophical ethics, is sometimes very critical of farm animal husbandry. However, the ethical discussion of farm animal husbandry from the perspective of medical and public health ethics remains largely unaddressed, especially in the German-speaking world. Therefore, the OER should also support Twillo users in understanding the basics of the human-animal relationship in farm animals.

Results:

The OER named in the application were created and uploaded to twillo.de:

OER "Economic importance of agricultural pig farming"

OER "Economic importance of agricultural cattle farming"

OER "Economic importance of agricultural chicken husbandry"

OER "Forms of husbandry in pig fattening"

OER "Forms of husbandry in chicken fattening"

OER "Housing systems for cattle on conventional dairy and fattening farms"

OER "Farming husbandry systems for chickens"

As there were legal changes to the state animal welfare label by the end of the approval period, the OER "state animal welfare label" could not be created. Instead, the following OER was created:

OER "economic importance of livestock farming"

Cooperation Partners:

MHH

Funding: Niedersächsisches Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Kultur, 110.550 EUR

Project Details:
Social media are playing a rapidly growing role in human communication. If content is posted, imitated or shared on Social media which can impair animal welfare, it potentially reaches a broad mass of people. This project is intended to initiate a social debate on the subject of animal welfare on Social media, which is scientifically based. The aim is to educate potential users about the animals' expressive behaviour and needs, as well as the potential relevance of various depictions for animal welfare. Several functional groups such as universities, schools, veterinarians, pet shops and the (print) media are involved for this purpose.

Results:

A targeted search for pet videos with animal suffering was carried out on the platforms TikTok, Instagram and YouTube. Numerous videos with animal welfare relevance were found, which were categorized according to their content. The scientific analysis of animal behaviour in the videos was the basis for determining the animal welfare relevance. In 82.4% of the videos analysed, the animals showed signs of stress. In 53.3% of the videos there was a risk of injury to the animals, and in 29.7% of the videos the animals were suspected of being in pain. The results of an online survey with 3,256 participants showed that 98.5% of respondents had already contact with animal videos. 41.7% of respondents said that they never/almost never searched for animal videos themselves and 73.8% said that they often/very often had animal videos suggested by the platforms' algorithms. Various print and online media reported on the project (e.g. Spiegel, Zeit (Leo), Hannoversche Allgemeine and various specialist magazines). In addition, those responsible for the project gave interviews on radio, television and in a podcast. Posters, flyers, logos as well as GIFS and PDF files were also made available to the public. Various functional groups were involved as multipliers through lectures at events and teaching opportunities for schools.

Funding: Rentenbank, 90.000 EUR

Project Details:
The project aims at the integration of animal welfare as a constant dimension in the concept of sustainability. The work is done on conceptional levels and by use of case studies of selected kind of farm animals.

Results:

Using one of the resulting models, we can show that animal welfare is a protected good among many other sustainability goods, but due to its categorical difference it cannot be implemented as an equivalent element alongside the other sustainability dimensions in a sustainability concept. We were therefore unable to achieve a "genuine" integration of animal welfare as a constitutive component, but we were able to achieve a meaningful positioning via the social dimension of sustainability as a connecting link.

Since a decision is required in the case of conflicting objectives despite categorical differences, we have developed a reflection model as a proposal for dealing with this problem, which can serve as a basis for weighting in the case of value preference decisions. We have demonstrated its applicability in detail using a specific example.

Overall, we have been able to clearly distinguish ourselves from other concepts in the current sustainability discourse, among other things through the well-founded selection of arguments that can be applied from an ethical perspective.

The absolute goal of the sustainability debate in connection with animal husbandry and animal welfare is not clearly discernible from the discourse situation, so that there is still motivation to participate by contributing valid arguments.

 

Using one of the resulting models, we can show that animal welfare is a protected good among many other sustainability goods, but due to its categorical difference it cannot be implemented as an equivalent element alongside the other sustainability dimensions in a sustainability concept. We were therefore unable to achieve a "genuine" integration of animal welfare as a constitutive component, but we were able to achieve a meaningful positioning via the social dimension of sustainability as a connecting link.

Since a decision is required in the case of conflicting objectives despite categorical differences, we have developed a reflection model as a proposal for dealing with this problem, which can serve as a basis for weighting in the case of value preference decisions. We have demonstrated its applicability in detail using a specific example.

Overall, we have been able to clearly distinguish ourselves from other concepts in the current sustainability discourse, among other things through the well-founded selection of arguments that can be applied from an ethical perspective.

The absolute goal of the sustainability debate in connection with animal husbandry and animal welfare is not clearly discernible from the discourse situation, so that there is still motivation to participate by contributing valid arguments.

The design of a model with a high degree of concretization that adequately takes animal welfare into account is currently considerably limited by the fact that objectively measurable thresholds are not yet available.

Funding: University of St Andrews, 212.000 EUR

Project Details:
The European Atlantic is changing rapidly, and it is essential that neighbouring countries have access to up-to-date robust information on the status of key species and populations so that future monitoring and management can be directed effectively and efficiently to achieve and maintain favourable conservation status of species and good environmental status of European Atlantic waters. The "Small Cetaceans in European Atlantic waters and the North Sea (SCANS)" survey is being planned for summer 2022. The objective of SCANS-IV is to estimate the abundance of cetacean species in shelf and oceanic waters of the European Atlantic through a large-scale multinational aerial and shipboard survey in July 2022. This is the most appropriate survey month because of the higher probability of good sighting conditions, and also to ensure that results are comparable with those from SCANS surveys conducted in 1994, 2005/2007 and 2016 (Hammond et al. 2002, 2013, 2021). Thus, this project will represent the fourth survey in the SCANS series. SCANS-IV will deliver regionally coordinated synoptic surveys in shelf and offshore waters of the European Atlantic. It will generate robust abundance estimates for regularly occurring whale and dolphin species and improve power to detect trends in shelf and offshore species. The outputs of the project are timely for EU Member States obligations for reporting under the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD Article 8: due 2024) and the next reporting round under the Habitats Directive (Article 17: 2019 - 2024) (where applicable) and allow OSPAR/HELCOM assessments. The estimates are also needed for impact assessments of offshore industries and fisheries.
The project will be achieved through the successful completion of six work packages. The first two WPs (WP1 & WP2) focus on collecting data on cetacean abundance and distribution through implementation of aerial surveys on the continental shelf and shipboard surveys in offshore waters. The data will be analysed in WP3 to generate abundance estimates, trends and perform spatio-temporal habitat modelling. WP4 will consider the long-term security of the large-scale cetacean monitoring SCANS programme in the Northeast Atlantic and propose a governance structure to ensure the continuation into the future. WPs 5 & 6 will focus on dissemination of results, project management and reporting.

Results:

Estimates of cetacean abundance in European Atlantic waters in summer 2022 from the SCANS-IV aerial and shipboard surveys. Final report published 29 September 2023. 64 pp.

https://tinyurl.com/3ynt6swa

Cooperation Partners:

Projektkoordination Dr. Anita Gilles, ITAW-Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover

University of St Andrews, United Kingdom  

Joint Nature Conservation Committee, United Kingdom  

Wageningen Marine Research, Netherlands  

Aarhus University, Denmark  

Swedish Museum of Natural History, Sweden  

La Rochelle University, France 

Instituto Español de Oceanografia, Spain  

University of Aveiro, CESAM - Centre of Environmental and Marine Studies and Instituto da Conservação da Natureza e das Florestas, Portugal

Funding: Universität Danzig , 31.328 EUR

Project Details:
For these project dead found seals, stranded at the polish coast, will be collected.
Within the scope of this project the ITAW will conduct health investigations of the stranded seals.
In the course of these investigations ITAW researchers will perform pathological examinations of internal organs and analysis of reproductive organs. The species of parasites the marine mammals potentially are infected by will be identified. Their age will be estimated and histological, virological and microbiological analysis conducted. So health reports based on postmortem analysis for each investigated animal will be prepared.

Funding: Roland und Elfriede Schauer-Stiftung, 92.200 EUR

Project Details:
This project focuses on the identification and characterization of glycosylated helminth ligands (protein/lipid) of host C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), in particular Dectin-1, Dectin-2, CLEC12A and DC-SIGN. Further, we plan to investigate how the respective CLR/ligand interactions affect innate responses of host immune cells.

Funding: Frauenhofer ITEM, 331.375 EUR

Project Details:
Therapeutic treatment against SARS-CoV-2 with inhaled VHH from BiondVax - Efficacy Program in Hamsters

Funding: MWK, 22.000 EUR

Project Details:
The importance of the highly conserved protein Nsp15 for the infection of cells by coronaviruses has been studied in detail in recent years. As an endonuclease, it rapidly recognizes and degrades both single-stranded (ssRNA) and double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). In addition, evidence from animal models suggests immunomodulatory properties of Nsp15 during early viral infection, leading to a delayed immune response. This process is ultimately involved in the development of acute respiratory failure, which is the main cause of COVID-19 mortality. As part of this funding program, we plan to develop new inhibitors of this protein through structure-guided design. Promising compounds will be characterized with respect to their ADME and physicochemical properties in order to obtain orally bioavailable compounds for the treatment of future viral pandemics.

Results:

https://www.umg.eu/forschung/corona/cofoni/