Research

Funding: Philipp Schwartz-Initiative, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, 38.600 EUR

Project Details:
The aim of project is to gain deeper insights into how altered FSH secretion due to GnRH agonist SRI treatment affects FSHR expression, but also how it affects SSC self-renewal, differentiation and proliferation using the dog as a model.
SSC are crucial for male fertility as they sustain spermatogenesis, the continuous process of sperm production, ensuring the maintenance of reproductive function and genetic diversity. Understanding their regulation is essential for addressing fertility issues and reproductive medicine. Besides, the aim is to investigate to what extent the SSC niche is altered, namely how RA and RA generating enzymes are affected by altered peripheral FSH secretion.
For the current project dogs were treated over 5 months with a GnRH slow release implant (SRI); after 5 months the SRI was removed and groups of dogs were surgically castrated at the time of implant removal (week 0) and 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 weeks later, respectively representing either downregulated/arrested spermatogenesis or restart of spermatogenesis at various time points. Besides, untreated healthy male and 2 month-old juvenile dogs served as controls. All samples have been previously characterised in detail within earlier projects.
As FSH is significantly reduced during downregulation and fully restored rapidly after SRI removal, these testicular samples collected during downregulation and subsequent recovery seem to be a promisining model to study effects of altered FSH signaling on SSCs and their niche in a non-rodent model.

Results:

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39631561/

Funding: COVID-19-Forschungsnetzwerkes COFONI vom Niedersächsischen Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Kultur über die Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, 50.000 EUR

Project Details:
This project aims at
(1) Establish a database for BSL-3 sample biobanking from preclinical in vivo models of
COVID-19 disease within COFONI-network
(2) Initial review and meta-analysis of internationally available data on preclinical in vivo
models of COVID-19 disease

Funding: FAPESP DGHT, 37.713 EUR

Project Details:
The study of the evolutionary processes that originate phenotypic diversity can offer insights into the process of adaptation in natural populations. Coloration patterns variation have intrigued scientists for centuries, and among vertebrates amphibians are one of the most interesting groups, exhibiting a vast variation in coloration, whose function has been mainly associated with UV protection, interspecies communication, and predator avoidance. Despite significant advances made on this topic, the genetic basis of coloration in amphibians is still surprisingly unknown. Herein we propose to deepen in genomic bases of coloration in the genus Brachycephalus, using the aposematic and polymorphic species B. actaeus as model. We are going to use transcriptomic data to identify genes, which are differentially expressed as well as histological sample for gathering information about chromatophore abundance and distribution among colour morphs in this species.

Cooperation Partners:

Prof. Dr. Célio Haddad, UNESP (Brazil)

Dr. Mariana Lyra, New York University, Abu Dhabi

Dr. Andrés Brunetti, Max Plank Institute for Chemical Ecology

Project Details:
Animal welfare of pigs kept on farms includes both the well-being and the health of the animals. In Germany, there have been legal changes in relation to pig farming in recent years in order to achieve greater animal welfare. The study examines whether users inform themselves about topics concerning animal welfare in pig farming in Germany in forums and blogs and whether people with a professional background use these platforms to publish their personal opinions and evaluate emerging topics. For this purpose, the discussion content of Internet users with an obvious professional reference to pig farming is identified and their reaction to posts relating to animal welfare in pig farming is analyzed by means of a qualitative content analysis (Translated with DeepL.com (free version)).

Funding: Drittmittelprojekt, gefördert durch den Forschungskreis der Ernährungsindustrie e.V. (FEI), 206.756 EUR

Project Details:
Sodium chloride (NaCl) is used for the production of meat products such as raw sausages and cooked sausages, although there are health concerns regarding its use. In addition to techno-functional properties, NaCl not only affects the taste, but also the safety and shelf life of meat products, as NaCl contributes significantly to the hurdle concept by lowering water activity. The use of nitrite, in the form of nitrite curing salt, in meat products not only contributes to colour formation through reddening, flavour formation and antioxidant effects, but also unfolds an antimicrobial effect that leads to the inhibition of pathogenic or toxigenic bacteria such as Listeria (L.) monocytogenes and Clostridium (Cl.) botulinum. However, the consumption of heated meat products made with nitrite/nitrate carries the risk of ingesting nitrosamines, which are classified as carcinogenic. It is so far unclear what effects the individual and combined reductions of NaCl and nitrite really have with regard to shelf life and product safety in the meat products. This has to be considered especially against the background that the manufacturer is responsible for the safety of the product until the end of the best-before date and that food retailers want food with long shelf life. For this reason, in the present project at the Institute for Food Quality and Safety (LMQS), the content of NaCl and nitrite in raw sausages will be reduced, followed by analysis of their physicochemical (e.g. colour, pH value, aw value, shear force) and microbiological (e.g. total bacterial count) properties. The aim is to determine limit values which, when the salts are reduced, still lead to acceptable meat products for the industry. Taking into account the limit values, raw sausages (normal NaCl and nitrite contents, NaCl reduced, nitrite reduced, NaCl and nitrite reduced) will be produced by at least two industry partners in two repeats. After slicing the products will be packed under a protective gas atmosphere. These packages will be stored in the LMQS for up to 84 days, during which time they are regularly analysed physicochemically, microbiologically and, in the event of increased microbial content and/or spoilage, by next-generation sequencing (NGS). The aim is to identify typical (new) bacterial species (indicator germs) that are associated with the shelf life/ spoilage of raw sausages from industrial production. In addition, molecular biological methods for the detection of these indicator germs will also be developed. Finally, challenge tests will be carried out on packaged raw sausages with different NaCl- and nitrite-concentrations after inoculation with the detected indicator germ and Cl. sporogenes, a surrogate of Cl. botulinum. The aim is to determine the behaviour of these bacterial species in or on raw sausages with different NaCl and nitrite contents.

Cooperation Partners:

Deutsches Institut für Lebensmitteltechnik (DIL) in Quakenbrück

Funding: MELUND, 749.985 EUR

Project Details:
The Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) is (re-)expanding in all parts of the German federal state of Schleswig-Holstein (SH) nowadays. As an aquatic mammal, otters mainly inhabit rivers, streams and lakes but also forage along the coastlines. Otters primarily feed on fish, whereas they are considered food generalists and also target amphibians, crustaceans, birds, mammals and other invertebrates. It is assumed that the decline of certain endangeredeD fish species can be linked to the growing otter population. Furthermore, there is an increase in conflicts between fisheries and otter conservation, both nationally and internationally. Therefore, an extensive evaluation of the current conflict potential between the growing otter population, fisheries situation and conservation conflicts between species is needed. This will be covered in the frame of this research project that focuses on fisheries, natural otter habitat and spawning areas of endangered salmonids in comparison:
-Installing wildlife cameras to assess the local abundance of otters
-Dietary analysis to investigate the prey spectrum of otters
-Determination of otter individuals using spraints (genetic fingerprinting)
-Evaluation of a potential conservation conflict between otters and salmonids
-Development of acustic deterrents to protect fisheries from otters
-Analysing reproduction parameters to assess the population health of otters using specimens found dead

Results:

The project has been extended and its funding increased until December 2025. "Project increase/extension-The return of the Eurasian Otter in Schleswig-Holstein - Investigations on the ecology, potential conflicts with fisheries management and conservation"

Funding: MELUND, 103.127 EUR

Project Details:
Two populations of harbour porpoise occur in the coastal waters of the German Baltic Sea, of which the "Western Belt Sea Population" is significantly larger with an estimated 42,324 individuals (acceptance range: 23,368-76,658), compared to the "Baltic Proper population", which is considered "critically endangered" with an estimated 497 individuals (acceptance range: 80-1,091). Harbour porpoise habitat in the Baltic Sea is intensely impacted by human activities that can have a negative impact on population level. These include shipping, tourist recreational activities, military activities, fishing, offshore construction, explosions of ammunition, chemical and pharmaceutical pollution, and marine debris. In the Baltic Sea in particular, harbour porpoise are threatened by set-net fisheries, to suffer from incidental bycatches. To warn harbour porpoises of set nets, acoustic devices are increasingly being used in the German Baltic Sea. These warning devices (Porpoise Alert = PAL) simulate a communication sound of harbour porpoises. Whether these devices lead to a reduction in bycatch has not yet been conclusively investigated. Effective management measures necessitate a deeper understanding of harbour porpoise habitat use. This is urgently needed, as there is evidence of declines in harbour porpoise populations in Schleswig-Holstein's waters.
The harbour porpoise is listed in Annex II and IV of the Flora-Fauna-Habitat Directives, which obliges EU member states to monitor its conservation status. In this project, the occurrence and habitat use of harbour porpoises in the western part of the Baltic Sea is investigated by means of passive acoustic monitoring. For this purpose, porpoise click detectors (CPODs, Cetacean-Porpoise Detector) were deployed at four positions in March 2021 to record the presence of harbour porpoises. The operated monitoring stations (Holnis, Bredgrund, Schleisand and Damp) cover the area of the Schleswig-Holstein Baltic Sea and are intended to close the gap in the monitoring network between Fehmarn and Denmark.

Results:

Untersuchungen zur Habitatnutzung von Schweinswalen in der westlichen Ostsee mittels passiv-akustischem Monitoring 2021-2023 (PDF, 2MB, Datei ist barrierefrei)

https://www.schleswig-holstein.de/DE/fachinhalte/A/artenschutz/Downloads/untersuchungenHabitatnutzungSchweinswale.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=1

Funding: OFB (L’Office Français de la Biodiversité), 400.000 EUR

Project Details:
The European Atlantic is changing rapidly, and it is essential that neighbouring countries have access to up-to-date robust information on the status of key species and populations so that future monitoring and management can be directed effectively and efficiently to achieve and maintain favourable conservation status of species and good environmental status of European Atlantic waters. The "Small Cetaceans in European Atlantic waters and the North Sea (SCANS)" survey is being planned for summer 2022. The objective of SCANS-IV is to estimate the abundance of cetacean species in shelf and oceanic waters of the European Atlantic through a large-scale multinational aerial and shipboard survey in July 2022. This is the most appropriate survey month because of the higher probability of good sighting conditions, and also to ensure that results are comparable with those from SCANS surveys conducted in 1994, 2005/2007 and 2016 (Hammond et al. 2002, 2013, 2021). Thus, this project will represent the fourth survey in the SCANS series. SCANS-IV will deliver regionally coordinated synoptic surveys in shelf and offshore waters of the European Atlantic. It will generate robust abundance estimates for regularly occurring whale and dolphin species and improve power to detect trends in shelf and offshore species. The outputs of the project are timely for EU Member States obligations for reporting under the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD Article 8: due 2024) and the next reporting round under the Habitats Directive (Article 17: 2019 - 2024) (where applicable) and allow OSPAR/HELCOM assessments. The estimates are also needed for impact assessments of offshore industries and fisheries.
The project will be achieved through the successful completion of six work packages. The first two WPs (WP1 & WP2) focus on collecting data on cetacean abundance and distribution through implementation of aerial surveys on the continental shelf and shipboard surveys in offshore waters. The data will be analysed in WP3 to generate abundance estimates, trends and perform spatio-temporal habitat modelling. WP4 will consider the long-term security of the large-scale cetacean monitoring SCANS programme in the Northeast Atlantic and propose a governance structure to ensure the continuation into the future. WPs 5 & 6 will focus on dissemination of results, project management and reporting.

Results:

Estimates of cetacean abundance in European Atlantic waters in summer 2022 from the SCANS-IV aerial and shipboard surveys. Final report published 29 September 2023. 64 pp.

https://tinyurl.com/3ynt6swa

Cooperation Partners:

Projektkoordination Dr. Anita Gilles, ITAW-Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover

University of St Andrews, United Kingdom

Joint Nature Conservation Committee, United Kingdom

Wageningen Marine Research, Netherlands

Aarhus University, Denmark

Swedish Museum of Natural History, Sweden

La Rochelle University, France

Instituto Español de Oceanografia, Spain

University of Aveiro, CESAM - Centre of Environmental and Marine Studies and Instituto da Conservação da Natureza e das Florestas, Portugal

Funding: Milchwirtschaft Niedersachsen e.V. (LVN), 30.000 EUR

Project Details:
Klinische und subklinische Mastitiden führen zu Einbußen in der Qualität und Wirtschaftlichkeit der Milchwirtschaft. Häufig werden Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) und Streptococcus
uberis (S. uberis) als Erreger nachgewiesen, durch die Antibiogrammpflicht neuerdings vermehrt auch multiresistente Escherichia coli (E. coli). Der Einsatz von Antibiotika soll in
Hinblick auf die mögliche Verbreitung resistenter und ultiresistenter Erreger so weit wie möglich gesenkt werden. Es wird daher dringend nach alternativen Behandlungsmethoden
mit einer hohen antibakteriellen Wirksamkeit gesucht.
Die Ziele des Projektes sind:
a) Isolierung und Charakterisierung geeigneter Phagen
b) Auswahl von Phagen mit hoher Wirksamkeit gegenüber klinischen
Bakterienisolaten aus der Milchviehhaltung
c) Langfristig soll eine Erhöhung der Wirtschaftlichkeit der Milchviehhaltung dadurch erreicht werden, dass innovative und naturnahe Therapien ohne Wartezeiten entwickelt werden, die die Lieferfähigkeit der Milch nicht beeinträchtigen.
d) Zusätzlich wird mit dem Einsatz naturnaher Alternativen zur Antibiotikatherapie sowie der Verbesserung des Tierschutzes durch wirksame Behandlungsstrategien, dem Wunsch des Verbrauchers nach natürlichen Lebensmitteln Rechnung getragen. Damit liefert dieses Projekt durch Reduktion des Antibiotikaeinsatzes in der Milchproduktion neben der Verbesserung des Tierschutzes auch einen Beitrag zum gesundheitlichen Verbraucherschutz.

Funding: Deutsche Forschungsgesellschaft (DFG), 398.333 EUR

Project Details:
Virus emergence and re-emergence is an increasing public health
problem as globalization and climate change promote the spread of
infectious disease. This is particularly true for mosquito-borne
infections as mosquitoes continue to spread to new geographic
regions. Alphaviruses such as Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) belong to the group of
mosquito-borne viruses, which cause pathology in humans. The re-emerging CHIKV is causing long-lasting arthritis like symptoms, while
VEEV infection leads to encephalitis. Why the two viruses from the
same family cause pathologies in different tissues, i.e. joints versus
central nervous system (CNS), is unclear to date. This gap of
knowledge is reflected by the fact that few host factors for CHIKV and
VEEV are known. Here we capitalize on our findings that the
phosphatidylserine (PS) receptor T cell immunoglobulin mucin
receptor 1 (TIM-1) and a tetraspanin are host factors for CHIKV. We
hypothesize that (a) VEEV also hijacks PS receptors and tetraspanins
to infect human cells, (b) TIM-1 and the tetraspanin interact with
additional proteins to promote infection with CHIKV and possibly
VEEV and (c) that a subset of these host factors contribute to tissue
tropism of CHIKV and VEEV. To test our hypothesis we will initially
use unbiased state of the art quantitative proteomics methods to
identify entry factors and receptors of CHIKV and VEEV. Next we will
screen PS receptors and all 33 human tetraspanins for their role in
VEEV infection by RNA interference in human cells. TIM-1 and
Tetraspanin associated proteins will be identified by proximity labeling
in conjunction with high-resolution affinity enrichment mass
spectrometry. Finally we will investigate the contribution of the
identified host factors to tissue tropism of CHIKV and VEEV using
proteomics, single cell sequencing and virological methods.
Specifically, we will infect skin organotypic raft cultures and determine
the predominantly infected cell type as well as expression levels of
identified host factors in the susceptible versus refractory cells.
Additionally we will integrate expression data from online repositories
and measure proteomes of relevant cell types including fibroblasts
and neuronal cells. Using feature selection approaches, we will
identify host factors, which likely contribute to the distinct tissue
tropism and pathologies caused by CHIKV and VEEV. These host
factors will be systematically knocked out first in relevant cell types
and then in mice to delineate the contribution to disease manifestation
in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, this research program aims at
providing mechanistic insight into the infection processes caused by
two important human pathogens, CHIKV and VEEV. The results will
help understand disease mechanisms and may ultimately reveal drug
targets for therapeutic intervention with Chikungunya fever and
Venezuelan equine encephalitis.