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2235 results.
Campylobacter-Jejuni-Infection in Poultry
Campylobacter-Jejuni-Infektion beim Geflügel
Project Investigators: Jun. Prof. Dr. C. Visscher; TA L. Klingenberg
Duration: July 2015 until June 2017
Funding: Industry (Feed manifacturing) , 45.635 EUR
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Effects of different sulphur and sulphate contents in diets for fattening chicken on the composition of the ingesta and excreta as well as on foot pad health
Auswirkungen unterschiedlicher S- und SO4-Gehalte im Futter von Masthühnern auf die Chymus- und Exkrementequalität sowie die Fußballengesundheit
Project Investigators: Prof. Dr. J. Kamphues; Dr. M. Kölln; TÄ. J. Handl (geb. Zimmermann)
Duration: May 2015 until June 2017
Project Details:
Die S-Aufnahme beim Geflügel wird maßgeblich durch die Aufnahme von S-haltigen Aminosäuren bestimmt. Daneben gibt es aber auch eine teils erhebliche Sulfat-Aufnahme, zum einen über pflanzeneigene Inhaltsstoffe (z. B. Glucosinolate im Rapsschrot), zum anderen aber auch durch die Verwendung von Schwefelsäure in der Gewinnung/im Produktionsprozess bestimmter Komponenten (z. B. Kleberfutter, DDGS). Vor diesem Hintergrund interessiert die Frage nach den möglichen Auswirkungen, da beispielsweise Sulfate leicht acidierende, aber auch laxierende Effekte entfalten. Damit wären ggf. Risiken für die Exkrementequalität sowie die Fußballengesundheit verbunden.
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Effects of an enzyme (mannanase) as a specific feed additive in soybean rich diets on performance, gastro intestinal stability and on foot pad health in broilers
Untersuchungen zu Auswirkungen eines Enzymzusatzes (Mannanase) im Mischfutter auf die Leistung, Reaktionen in der Schleimhaut des Magen-Darm-Traktes, die Exkremente- und Einstreuqualität sowie die Fußballengesundheit bei Broilern
Project Investigators: Prof. Dr. J. Kamphues; Dr. M. Kölln; Dr. C. Ratert; TA B. Schiel
Duration: July 2015 until December 2017
Funding: Industrie (Futtermittelhersteller), 22.634 EUR
Project Details:
Primäres Ziel des Projektes ist die Quantifizierung von Effekten, die mit dem Einsatz von Mannanasen im allgemein Sojaschrot-reichen Mischfutter verbunden sein könnten, und zwar unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Magen-Darm- und Fußballen-Gesundheit bei Broilern.
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Increase of cold shock tolerance of boar spermatozoa by modification of semen processing during cryopreservation
Steigerung der Kältetoleranz von Eberspermatozoen durch Modifikation der Prozessabläufe bei der Kryokonservierung
Project Investigators: Prof. Dr. Dagmar Waberski; Tierärztin Jana Schäfer
Duration: Mid 2015 until Mid 2017
Project Details:
Aufgrund einer stark erhöhten Kältesensibilität im Vergleich zu anderen Säugerspermien ist es derzeit nicht möglich, Eberspermien zufriedenstellend mittels Tiefgefrierung zu konservieren. In der geplanten Arbeit sollen Methoden zur Verminderung der Kälteempfindlichkeit evaluiert werden mit dem Ziel, die Integrität der Spermienmembran und der DNA sowie die Motilität und die Mitochondrienfunktion zu erhalten.
Cooperation Partners:

PD Dr. Martin Schulze, IFN Schönow

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Development of sensitive methods for genetic characterisation of HEV-positive isolates and genotyping of HEV from game
Entwicklung von sensitiven Methoden zur genetischen Charakterisierung von HEV-positiven Isolaten und Genotypisierung von HEV aus Wildproben
Project Investigators: Prof. G. Klein
Duration: Novemer 2015 until Beginning 2017
Funding: Sanitätsdienst der Bundeswehr, 175.763 EUR
Project Details:
Hepatitis E-Viren (HEV) gehören neben Noroviren zu den wichtigsten über Lebensmittel übertragbaren Viren. Hepatitis E-Erkrankungen werden in Deutschland in den letzten Jahren zunehmend beobachtet. Die Genotypisierung von HEV ist für die Klärung von Infektketten sowie die Abschätzung der Gefährdung der menschlichen Gesundheit durch HEV aus Tieren unerlässlich. Für die epidemiologische Bewertung sind sensitive genetische Nachweissysteme von entscheidender Bedeutung. Ziel des Projektes ist die Etablierung von sensitiven Methoden zur genetischen Charakterisierung von HEV-Isolaten. Einen weiteren Schwerpunkt bildet die Genotypisierung von HEV-Isolaten tierischer Herkunft unter Verwendung der zuvor etablierten Methoden.
Cooperation Partners:

BfR, Berlin; Zentrales Institut des Sanitätsdienstes der Bundeswehr, Kiel

Show Details
Molecular genetic analysis of the curly condition in horses
Molekulargenetische Aufklärung der Lockenbildung beim Pferd
Project Investigators: Dr. J. Metzger; Prof. Dr. O. Distl
Duration: August 2014 until End 2017
Funding: DFG, 125.000 EUR
Project Details:
Das Forschungsvorhaben hat zum Ziel die Genetik des lockigen Haarkleides als rassespezifische Besonderheit des Curly Horses zu untersuchen und die kausale(n) Mutationen(n) für dieses Merkmal darzustellen. Diese neuen Erkenntnisse sollen dem Züchter in Zukunft gezielte Anpaarungen ermöglichen, die zu dem Erhalt der Rasse und dem Erhalt ihres, durch seine hypoallergenen Eigenschaften besonderen Haarkleides beitragen sollen.
Cooperation Partners:

Gestüte

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Development of an improved vaccine for progressive control of Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia"
Development of an improved vaccine for progressive control of Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia"
Project Investigators: Dr. Jochen Meens
Duration: April 2014 until March 2017
Funding: GIZ Project no.: 13.1432.7.-001.00 Contract no.: 81170269
Project Details:
Development of an improved vaccine for progressive control of Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia"

This proposal is part of an ambitious multi-stage process. The ultimate goal is to develop and make available better vaccine for contagious bovine pleuro pneumonia (CBPP), which are significantly better than those currently available. The data obtained as part of the validation of the improved tests will also enable existing epidemiological models of CBPP transmission to be enhanced. The improved epidemiological models will enable the formulation of new, more appropriate and evidence-based control policies. The main output will be the identification of pathogen molecules that could be used for designing more effective vaccines. That will be achieved by comparing the in vitro and in vivo proteome of MmmSC (2 dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry) and by functional inhibition studies using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs).The project is carried out in Kenya, Germany and Namibia.
Results:

Overall this project was very successful: Within the project, we have generated knowledge, technologies and products, which will considerably contribute to the progressive control of CBPP.

Knowledge

Until now, very few virulence factors have been described for Mycoplasma mycoides, which lack the typical toxins and secretion systems of many other bacteria. Here, we provide evidence that the galactofuranose containing galactan, the polysaccharide coating of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri and mycoides, indeed is a virulence factor. This information supports the further development of a polysaccharide conjugated vaccine.

Data generated within this project also supports the so far anecdotal evidence that CBPP infections indeed lead to lifelong immunity, at least for up to a year as we tested here. This shows that it will be possible to generate longer lasting immunity through improved future vaccines than the short lived immunity generated by the currently available vaccines.

We also show, through three different approaches (Precision Cut Lung Slice (PCLS) model system, in vivo immunosuppression trial as well as the in vitro cell assays, activities 1.2, 5.2 to 5.5, resp.) that the host may react to the pathogen in a counterproductive way, which leads to the hypothesis that severe and sometimes fatal outcome of CBPP is partly due to a misdirected host immune response.

Technologies

During the project, in vitro assays allowing the study of the interaction of mycoplasma with lung epithelial cells, macrophages and dendritic cells have been established.

A multiplex qPCR for the simultaneous detection of bovine cells and mycoplasmas of the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster was developed, allowing the quantification of both host and pathogen within one system.

An in vitro infection model using Precision cut lung slices (PCLS) was established to study host-pathogen interactions, bacterial adhesion, cell tropism, host specificity and cytotoxicity for Mmm and Mmc.

First steps to improve the CBPP challenge model have been initiated within this project, where repeated intranasal spraying of the infectious material replaced endotracheal intubation. This model needs further improvement, and the need for a robust challenge model has now been taken to a new level, with discussions including major international CBPP researchers.

Products

Last but not least, two products came out as a result of this project.

Through a consortium led by VIDO-InterVac and KALRO, a prototype subunit vaccine including proteins identified by ILRI resulted in filing a patent in North America for a CBPP vaccine.

A point-of-care lateral flow assay diagnostic tool has been developed, and a collaboration with a private sector company has been established to produce our previously developed cocktail ELISA.

 

Publications:

Gourgues G, Barré A, Beaudoing E, Weber J, Magdelenat G, Barbe V, Schieck E, Jores J, Vashee S, Blanchard A, Lartigue C, Sirand-Pugnet P. 2016. Complete Genome Sequence of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides T1/44, a Vaccine Strain against Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia. Genome Announc. 2016 Apr 14;4(2). pii: e00263-16. doi: 10.1128/genomeA.00263-16.

Weldearegay YB, Pich A, Schieck E, Liljander A, Gicheru N, Wesonga H, Thiaucourt F, Kiirika LM, Valentin-Weigand P, Jores J, Meens J. 2016. Proteomic characterization of pleural effusion, a specific host niche of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides from cattle with contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP).J Proteomics. 2016 Jan 10;131:93-103. doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.10.016.

 

Liljander A, Yu M, O'Brien E, Heller M, Nepper JF, Weibel DB, Gluecks I, Younan M, Frey J, Falquet L, Jores J. 2015. A field-applicable recombinase polymerase amplification assay for rapid detection of Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae. J Clin Microbiol 53:2810-2815. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00623-15. Epub 2015 Jun 17.

 

Seersholm FV, Fischer A, Heller M, Jores J, Sachse K, Mourier T, Hansen AJ. 2015. Draft Genome Sequence of the First Human Isolate of the Ruminant Pathogen Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum. Genome Announc 3:e00583-00515. doi: 10.1128/genomeA.00583-15.

 

Schieck E, Lartigue C, Frey J, Vozza N, Hegermann J, Miller RA, Valguarnera E, Muriuki C, Meens J, Nene V, Naessens J, Weber J, Lowary TL, Vashee S, Feldman MF, Jores J. 2016. Galactofuranose in Mycoplasma mycoides is important for membrane integrity and conceals adhesins but does not contribute to serum resistance. Mol Microbiol 99:55-70. doi: 10.1111/mmi.13213. Epub 2015 Oct 14.

 

Sterner-Kock A, Haider W, Sacchini F, Liljander A, Meens J, Poole J, Guschlbauer M, Heller M, Naessens J, Jores J. 2016. Morphological characterization and immunohistochemical detection of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1beta, IL-17A, and TNF-alpha in lung lesions associated with contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. Trop Anim Health Prod 48:569-576. doi: 10.1007/s11250-016-0994-9. Epub 2016 Feb 2.

 

Nkando I, Perez-Casal J, Mwirigi M, Prysliak T, Townsend H, Berberov E, Kuria J, Mugambi J, Soi R, Liljander A, Jores J, Gerdts V, Potter A, Naessens J, Wesonga H. 2016. Recombinant Mycoplasma mycoides proteins elicit protective immune responses against contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 171:103-114. doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.02.010. Epub 2016 Feb 23.

 

Heller M, Gicheru N, Tjipura-Zaire G, Muriuki C, Yu M, Botelho A, Naessens J, Jores J, Liljander A. 2016. Development of a Novel Cocktail Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and a Field-Applicable Lateral-Flow Rapid Test for Diagnosis of Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia. J Clin Microbiol. 2016 Jun;54(6):1557-65. doi: 10.1128/JCM.03259-15.

 

Perez-Casal J, Prysliak T, Maina T, Wang Y, Townsend H, Berverov E, Nkando I, Wesonga H, Liljander A, Jores J, Naessens J, Gerdts V, Potter A. 2015. Analysis of immune responses to recombinant proteins from strains of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides, the causative agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2015 Nov 15;168(1-2):103-10. doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2015.08.013. Epub 2015 Sep 9.

 

Heller M, Schwarz R, Noe G, Jores J, Fischer A, Schubert E, Sachse K. 2015. First human case of severe septicaemia associated with Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum infection. JMM Case Reports DOI: 10.1099/jmmcr.0.000101.

Cooperation Partners:

ILRI, Nairobi (Kenia)

FLI Insel Riems

Show Details
Functional studies on the impact of protein kinases on the segmental regulation of electrogenic glucose transport in porcine small intestines
Funktionelle Studien zum Einfluss von Proteinkinasen auf die segmentale Regulation des elektrogenen Glucosetransports im Dünndarm des Schweins
Project Investigators: Dr. Jens Herrmann; PD Dr. Michael Stern; Prof. Dr. Bernd Schröder
Duration: February 2014 until February 2017
Funding: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, 143.800 EUR
Project Details:
Schweine sind in ihrer Ernährung und dem Aufbau des Verdauungstrakts dem Menschen sehr ähnlich und stehen bezogen auf die intestinale Nährstoffaufnahme dem Menschen deutlich näher als Nager. Letztere werden aber überwiegend als Studienobjekte für Transportvorgänge im Darm genutzt, auch wenn bei ihnen bereits deutliche Unterschiede zum Menschen gefunden wurden. Aufgrund der Zunahme an ernährungsbedingten oder -bezogenen Erkrankungen wird es immer wichtiger Tiermodelle zu nutzen, die den speziellen evolutionären Anpassungen an menschliche Ernährung entsprechen. Ob das Schwein aber tatsächlich Verdauungsmechanismen entwickelt hat, die auf funktioneller und regulativer Ebene mit den menschlichen übereinstimmen, ist in vielen Details noch ungeklärt. Unsere Arbeitsgruppe konnte beim Schwein Unterschiede in der Effizienz der Glucoseaufnahme abhängig vom Dünndarmsegment (Jejunum vs. Ileum) beobachten, die aber nicht mit dem jeweiligen lokalen Vorkommen des Transporters SGLT1 erklärbar sind, der als ein besonders wichtiges Element in der intestinalen Glucoseaufnahme zu sehen ist. Im Fokus dieses Projektantrags steht die kurzfristige Modulation der SGLT1 vermittelten Aufnahme des essentiellen Energieträgers Glucose in den zwei unterschiedlich reaktiven Abschnitten des porcinen Dünndarms durch induzierte Aktivierung oder Hemmung von drei Proteinkinasen. Die Erfassung der Effekte geschieht funktionell mit Hilfe von transportphysiologischen Untersuchungen in Ussingkammern und der Messung von Aufnahmeraten eines Glucoseäquivalents in Bürstensaummembranvesikel. Zusätzlich werden Veränderungen in den Expressionshöhen und Phosphorylierungsgraden intrazellulärer Signalmoleküle und des SGLT1 ermittelt. Die Aufklärung der Bedeutung von Proteinkinasen für die apikale Präsenz und Aktivität des SGLT1 beim Schwein soll neben einer Absicherung dieses Tiermodells für verdauungsrelevante Fragestellungen beim Menschen auch einen grundsätzlichen Beitrag zum besseren Verständnis regulativer Mechanismen der intestinalen Glucoseaufnahme leisten.
Results:

https://dl.sciencesocieties.org/publications/jas/abstracts/94/supplement3/238

http://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/249232356

Show Details
Chemical architecture of arthropod neuromuscular junctions as phylogenetic characters
Chemische Architektur von neuromuskulären Synapsen der Arthropoden als Phylogenetische Merkmale
Project Investigators: PD Dr. Michael Stern; Prof. Dr. Gerd Bicker; Hannah Wasser, MSc
Duration: February 2014 until December 2017
Funding: DFG (STE 1428/4-1, BI 262/18-1), 145.045 EUR
Project Details:
Heutige Organismen enthalten Information über ihre phylogenetische Entstehung in den Sequenzen der Proteine und Nucleinsäuren. Daher basiert die moderne Systematik nun vor allem vergleichenden DNA-Sequenzanalysen. Es gibt allerdings einen bedeutenden Mangel an anderen, nicht molekularen Merkmalen mit phylogenetischer Bedeutung, die die molekular basierte Systematik bestätigen oder korrigieren können, und Unklarheiten beseitigen helfen. Da die Zellkommunikation eine wichtige Rolle in der Funktion eines Organismus spielt, kann die Analyse der Verteilung von Botenstoffen zusätzliche Einsichten in die Evolutionsgeschichte liefern. Viele Arten des Tierreichs benützen Acetylcholin als Transmitter an der Synapse zur Skelettmuskulatur. Im Gegensatz dazu konnte bei einigen Arthropodenarten Glutamat als exzitatorischer Transmitter an neuromuskulären Synapsen identifiziert werden. Das Projekt wird die Hypothese testen, dass die schnellen exzitatorischen Motoneuronen im Stamm der Arthropoden ausschließlich glutamaterg sind. Mittels elektrophysiologischer und zytochemischer Techniken sowie Immunfärbungen wird untersucht, ob dieses Merkmal eine Synapomorphie der Euarthropoda oder möglicherweise der Panarthropoda (Euarthropoda, Onychophora, Tardigrada) ist. Periphere Inhibition durch GABAerge Motoneurone ist innerhalb der Evertebraten weit verbreitet, scheint aber in mehreren Gruppen zu fehlen. Um zu testen, ob solche zellspezifischen chemischen Eigenschaften als Merkmale zur Charakterisierung systematischer Gruppierungen dienen können, wird in diesem Projekt die histologische Färbung cholinerger, GABAerger und glutamaterger Marker mit Elektrophysiologie an der neuromuskulären Synapse bei Arthropoden und einigen Outgroup-Spezies kombiniert. Als Ziel des Projekts wird angestrebt, einen Satz von etablierten Neurotransmittern an der neuromuskulären Synapse bereitzustellen, die als Merkmale für phylogenetische Analysen herangezogen werden können.
Results:

Zusammenfassung der Projektergebnisse

 

In contrast to the vertebrates and many other phylogenetic groups which use acetylcholine as chemical messenger at the neuromuscular junction, in some well-studied crustacean and insect preparations glutamate has been shown as the excitatory transmitter. However, it is currently unknown whether glutamate acts as neuromuscular transmitter in other arthropod lineages. In this cytochemical/immunofluorescence investigation, we studied potential neurotransmitters in ventral ganglia and neuromuscular junctions of selected species of Myriapoda, Chelicerata, basal Hexapoda. and pterygote insects. We could co-localize glutamate with synapsin labelling in synaptic boutons on skeletal muscles in all studied arthropod specimens. Acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity as a marker for cholinergic synapses was found abundantly in the central nervous systems, but not at neuromuscular junctions. Our data indicate that glutamate, and to a lesser extent, GABA are most likely neurotransmitters at arthropod neuromuscular junctions, whereas acetylcholine is very unlikely to play a role in neuromuscular transmission. As outgroup we localized AChE at the neuromuscular junctions of the Annelida Platynereis, Lumbricus and Eisenia. Together with our previous findings of mixed cholinergic/glutamatergic neuromuscular innervations in the onychophoran sister group, the new data support our hypothesis of the skeletal neuromuscular transmitter glutamate as a phylogenetic character of Arthropoda. During the evolution of rapid arthropod locomotion, GABAergic inhibitory neuromuscular transmission may have been an advantageous character, but is missing in several taxa. We found neuromuscular GABA labelling in all non-holometabolous hexapods. In chelicerates we found GABA in spider and scorpion, but not pseudoscorpion NMJs. In Myriapods, we found GABA in walking leg NMJs, but body wall NMJs displayed GABA-immunoreactivity only in Chilopoda. In addition to revealing glutamate and GABA as the most likely neurotransmitters at the neuromuscular junction, we made the surprising discovery of GABA and its biosynthetic enzyme glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) in sensory neurons of a centipede. Some arthropod mechanosensory neurons may not only use acetylcholine as a common neurotransmitter, but GABA is also a candidate. This is in line with published data from other labs on neurotransmitter diversity in the arthropod sensory system, showing histaminergic mechanosensory neurons in Drosophila and a spider. To address neurochemical characters the central nervous system, we investigated the morphology of identifiable serotonin-containing neurons in the wingless hexapod taxa Archeognata and Zygentoma. Comparisons with the patterns of serotonin-containing neurons in major tetraconate taxa suggested a close phylogenetic relationship of Remipedia, Cephalocarida, and Hexapoda. A recently published phylogenomic analysis considered Remipedia as the sole crustacean sister group of Hexapoda. Using a lipophilic dye, we traced the remipedian olfactory projection neuron pathway up to the hemiellipsoid bodies. All parts of the hemiellipsoid body expressed the catalytic subunit of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A, an enzyme particularly enriched in in insect mushroom bodies. Moreover, immunofluorescence of the GAD enzyme revealed a cluster of GABAergic interneurons in the hemiellipsoid body, reminiscent of the characteristic feedback neurons of the mushroom body. These findings support the hypothesis of homology between remipedian hemiellipsoid bodies and hexapod mushroom bodies, despite differences in the neuroanatomical architecture and the malacostracan ground pattern of the olfactory pathway.

http://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/249531961

Cooperation Partners:

Dr. Heiko Meyer, Laser Zentrum Hannover

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Assessment of by-catch and health of harbour porpoises
Beifang- und Gesundheitsbewertung von Schweinswalen
Project Investigators: Prof. Prof. h. c. Dr. Ursula Siebert; Kornelia Wolff-Schmid
Duration: June 2014 until May 2017
Funding: Ministerium für Energiewende, Landwirtschaft, Umwelt, Natur und Digitalisierung, 147.634 EUR
Project Details:
Since 2014, the aim has been to obtain an accurate annual overview of the number of harbor porpoises found dead and captured. Basic biological data such as age, sex, weight, location, date of discovery and special features are to be recorded for all animals. These data are important as they will be forwarded to ASCOBANS, ICES and the IWC. Therefore, uniform and verified data sets are to be produced.
Furthermore, new examination methods for the detection of bycatch will be researched on freshly dead harbor porpoises, with a special focus on the detection of bycatch and the examination of the health status. For bycatch diagnostics, new methods from forensics will be tested in order to enable a reliable examination. For this purpose, fresh bycatch will be autopsied as soon as possible after death and histological, immunocytochemical and microbiological examinations will be performed. In order to preserve as many by-catch porpoises as possible, a close cooperation with the fishermen will be established and they will be supported in the release of the animals.
Results:

For the project By-catch and health assessment of harbor porpoises.

Assessment of by-catch and health of harbor porpoises, between 172 and 318 dead harbor porpoises from the North Sea and Baltic Sea were examined from 2014 to 2017. Throughout the study period, there was no evidence of epidemic infectivity in the harbor porpoises. The number of bycatch surrenders varied widely among study years, with the highest number in 2016. In addition, suspected bycatch cases were identified among stranded harbor porpoises, indicating that not all bycatch are surrendered. Other causes of death included septicemia, bronchopneumonia, and perinatal death. The dead animals are contaminated with various bacteria, among which were zoological pathogens, so hygienic measures must always be followed.

The investigations show that it is very important to examine the porpoises for health status. The information obtained will be made available for ASCOBANS, ICES and the national IWC. They are important for the assessments for the preparation of the FFH reports. As the habitat of harbor porpoises in the North and Baltic Seas will continue to change and the animals are exposed to anthropogenic influences as well as interactions with humans, it is important to continue to examine the animals in detail for their health status in the coming years.

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