Research

Funding: Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt (DBU), 289.350 EUR

Project Details:
Artenreiche Grünlandflächen enthalten auch toxische Pflanzenarten wie Jakobs-Greiskraut (Senecio jacobaea) und Herbst-Zeitlose (Colchicum autumnale), wodurch solche Standorte als Mähwiese zur Futterproduktion auf Grund des Tiergesundheitsrisikos unbrauchbar werden.
Daher wird im ersten Teil des Projekts die Ursache für das Aufkommen dieser Giftpflanzen untersucht. Welche Rolle spielen Bodenparameter und Vegetation bei der heterogenen Verteilung der Pflanzenarten auf einer Wiese und gibt es Unterschiede im Toxingehalt innerhalb der Greiskraut- und Zeitlosen-Population?
Der zweite Teil des Projekts umfasst einen Tierversuch, bei dem die Aufnahme oder Selektion von Greiskraut und Zeitlose und zusätzlich Johanniskraut; Hypericum perforatum) im Heu bei einer ad libitum Fütterung von Pferden untersucht wird. Um gesundheitliche Risiken auszuschließen, führt eine mögliche Aufnahme zum Ausschluss des Tieres aus dem Versuch, weshalb das Fressverhalten genau beobachtet und zusätzlich mit Kameraaufnahmen überwacht wird.

Cooperation Partners:

Gesellschaft für Naturschutz und Auenentwicklung e.V. (GNA),

Veterinärmedizinische Fakultät Universität Leipzig

Funding: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), 317.250 EUR

Project Details:
The genus Pestivirus belongs to the virus family Flaviviridae and comprises RNA viruses of great relevance, like Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and Classical swine fever virus (CSFV), which are causative pathogens of notifiable diseases. Since decades, it was commonly accepted that pestiviruses infections are restricted to cloven hooved (ungulate) hosts. Recently, several atypical pestiviruses have been discovered in non-ungulate hosts (rats and bats). These newly discovered pestiviruses show the typical genome organization, but are genetically highly distinct. Obviously, these novel viruses represent a new group within the pestiviruses with so far uncharacterized biological properties. In addition, such a novel pestivirus was also discovered in pigs and tentatively designated "atypical porcine pestivirus"(APPV). Own research as well as studies from several other groups revealed an association with neurological symptoms in newborn piglets (congenital tremors). An association with other disease complexes (e.g. infertility, abortion, malformation) is under discussion and seems to be likely.
Despite the broad tissue tropism observed in infected pigs, it is hardly possible to isolate and propagate APPV on the porcine cell lines established for CSFV. Finally, the success in virus isolation and cell culture adaptation allow now investigating the biological properties of this pathogen in vitro. Preliminary work provides strong evidence that major differences exist in the entry process of APPV and CSFV. Binding of the pathogen and the subsequent entry into the host cell are crucial steps in the viral infectious cycle and therefore often relevant also in the pathogenesis of viral diseases. Against this background it is planned to investigate the entry mechanism of APPV and other porcine pestiviruses in detail. Aim of the research project is to identify and characterize key factors required for entry of porcine pestiviruses like APPV and CSFV into the host cell. In particular, the processing of the APPV envelope proteins as well as their involvement in viral attachment and entry will be addressed. By using genetically engineered cell lines it is planned to characterize the relevance of different host cell proteins, which have been previously suggested to be involved in viral entry. Finally, it will be investigated how the binding to the host cell determines the tissue and host tropism of APPV.
Knowledge of key factors required for entry of APPV into the host cell will help to better understand the biology of this newly discovered pathogen. Furthermore, this study may provide insights into the complex, likely multistep entry process of porcine pestiviruses like APPV and CSFV. On basis of gained knowledge, future studies could address the molecular determinants of tissue and host tropism, virulence properties of pestiviruses and mechanisms of pathogenicity of pestiviral infections.

Results:

Publications from this project:

https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/JVI.02186-20

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/22221751.2021.2011620

In addition to these studies on the importance of the host cell factor CD46 for cell entry, other cellular factors have been identified that appear to play a significant role in cell entry of pestiviruses. Further investigation of these factors is being carried out in a DFG-funded continuation project.

Funding: Bundesministerium für Gesundheit, 203.916 EUR

Project Details:
This project puts the focus on pathogens containing certain antibiotic resistances. This includes (i) the evaluation of complex outbreak scenarios with focus on hori-zontal gene transfer, using results from sequence-based typing techniques, (ii) development of universal standards and essential prerequisites for a valid data assessment, (iii) identification of enhancement as well as hindrance factors for a rapid realization of the latter; (iv) development of strategies for joining clinical-epidemiological information with genome data and (v) a transfer of the gained insight into the qualified public. In a cross-sectoral approach, two widely known antimicrobial resistances with high public health relevance were selected. The scientific gain in this direct reference to the public health, especially regarding improving the assessment of risk potentials of (i) mcr-mediated colistin resistance from lifestock and food products and their significans for human pathogen isolates, as well as (ii) carbapenemase producing Enterobacterales in lifestock and food products as a potential reservoir for resistance development in human isolates. In this project, a model for implementation of a core technology for a genome-based pathogen and resistance surveillance program in leading institutions for (veterina-ry) public health and epidemiologically adequat analysis and evaluation.

Cooperation Partners:

Abteilung Infektionskrankheiten, Robert Koch Institut, Wernigerode

Abteilung für Medizinische Mikrobiologie Ruhr-Universität Bochum

FG Epidemiologie, Zoonosen und Antibiotikaresistenz, Abteilung Biologische Sicherheit, Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung, Berlin

Funding: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), 232.098 EUR

Project Details:
It is always necessary to collect representative samples of specific questions of food law, which must be examined within a food batch in order to be able to make a certain statement with sufficient probability.
These are often complex relationships, for example, if it can not be assumed that there is a homogeneous distribution of the characteristic within the population. At the same time, these decisions are associated with far-reaching legal consequences and must also be made directly.
This issue of an appropriate sampling is related to food-borne outbreaks of zoono-tic agents as well as to cases where a batch of food or a food-making process is considered safe or not to be safe from zoonotic agents.
In order to derive an appropriate scientific decision for the conception of a sample examination, there are the properties of the pathogen, the particular food and its production steps (technology), the laboratory procedure to be used, the timing and nature of the feared entry and the epidemiological (mathematical) methods to take into account.
In addition, there is an assessment of the validity of a random sample examination or misinterpretations that may persist. The project will create an online tool based on pratical use cases, which will process these components directly from the point of view of the veterinary authority.

Results:

Förster C, Nordhoff K, Fritzemeier J, Breuer J, Kreienbrock L. A Framework for Study Plan-ning in Food Safety Investigations. Berliner und Münchener Tierärztliche Wochenschrift. 2022;135:1-10 . doi: 10.2376/1439-0299-2022-9.

 

Förster C, Nordhoff K, Fritzemeier J, Kreienbrock L. Wie groß muss die Stichprobe sein? Rundschau für Fleischhygiene und Lebensmittelüberwachung - RFL. 2022;74(4):135-6

https://www.tiho-hannover.de/ibei/forschung/shiny-apps

Cooperation Partners:

Task Force Verbraucherschutz, LAVES

Veterinärdienst für Stadt und Landkreis Osnabrück

Funding: Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt, 98.149 EUR

Project Details:
Die Aufzucht von aquatischen Organismen zur Gewinnung von Lebensmitteln in Kreislaufanlagen in Gebäuden an Land ist aus Gründen des Umweltschutzes (Vermeiden von Nährstoff-Eintrag in Gewässer) und Sicherstellung der Wasserversorgung der Aquakultur angesichts eines stark schwankenden Wasserangebots durch den Klimawandel dringend geboten. Allerdings ist die Technologie hinsichtlich Nachhaltigkeit und Tierwohl noch nicht ausgereift und daher verbesserungswürdig. Die relativ junge und in Europa noch wenig realisierte Biofloc-Technologie (BFT) bietet nach dem derzeitigen internationalen Stand der Kenntnis für die Zielstellung einer nachhaltigen Aquakultur ein bedeutendes Potenzial, das es zu entwickeln gilt. Das Potenzial von BFT-Systemen zur Umweltentlastung bei der Aufzucht von tropischen Riesengarnelen (Litopenaeus vannamei)besteht im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Kreislaufanlagen darin, dass aus Detritus, Bakterienkolonien und kleinen Wirbellosen bestehende Bioflocken von Garnelen als Nahrung aufgenommen werden können und so zu einer Re-zirkulation von Nährstoffen (Stickstoff, Phosphor, organische Reststoffe), verbunden mit einem reduzierten Ressourceneinsatz (Wasser, Futtermittel), zu einer geringeren Freisetzung von eutrophierenden Stickstoff- und Phosphorverbindungen und letztlich zu einer erhöhten Biosicherheit und Produktivität bei einem niedrigeren spezifischen Energieverbrauch führen. Darüber hinaus kann die Verwendung von Bioflocken, die in ihrer Zusammensetzung der natürlichen Nahrung von Garnelen entsprechen, zu einer Verbesserung des Tierwohls durch verbesserte Fütterung führen.

Cooperation Partners:

Polyplan GmbH, Bremen

Funding: DFG WO 1735/6-2, 210.000 EUR

Project Details:
The central aim of the first phase of our project was to correlate subzero membrane phase and permeability properties of sperm with their ability to survive freezing and thawing. In addition, biomolecular stability of freeze-dried sperm and physical properties of glasses for dry preservation have been investigated. We discovered that ice formation triggers a membrane phase transition, which is dependent on the ice nucleation temperature, the cooling rate, and the type of cryoprotective agent that is used. Freezing-induced membrane phase changes were used to investigate the cell membrane permeability to water allowing prediction of optimal cooling rates for cryopreservation. Furthermore, we discovered that membranes become permeable for molecules for which they are normally impermeable during freezing, while the cells survive freezing zu beladen. We found that simply exposing cells to freezing can thus be used to load cells with membrane impermeable lyoprotective agents, such as sucrose or trehalose, which preserves chromatin in freeze-dried sperm even under accelerated aging conditions. Whereas in the first phase of this project water and solute transport processes have been predominantly studied at the cellular and membrane level, in the next phase this will be extended to the tissue level and multiple component solutions. Membrane transport parameters of oocytes for water and cryoprotective agents will be determined from cell volume responses in a microfluidic device. Membrane permeabilization during loading cells with cryoprotective agents will be investigated by studying uptake of membrane-impermeable molecules. It is planned to investigate if sodium ions also pass membranes during freezing and if freezing in reduced sodium increases cryosurvival. Diffusion of protective molecules in ovarian tissues and concomitant dehydration will be investigated to develop a mass transport model, which will allow to correlate distribution of protectants with cryosuriviva. Storage stability of cryopreserved specimens will be investigated by studying molecular mobility and membrane transport processes near the glass transition temperature with the aim to develop formulations allowing cryogenic storage at higher temperatures.

Funding: Förderverein Bioökonomieforschung (FBF e.V.), 39.000 EUR

Project Details:
Richtlinien für spermatologische Mindestanforderungen über die Qualität von Ebersperma berücksichtigen bisher nicht die Spermienzahl in der Besamungsportion. Es ist bekannt, dass bestimmte Defizite in der Spermaqualität durch eine erhöhte Spermienzahl in der Besamungsportion kompensierbar sind. Die Kompensierbarkeit ist abhängig von der Art der Abweichung und der Anzahl betroffener Spermien im Ejakulat. Im Ebersperma stellen Plasmatropfen (PT) die häufigste morphologische Fehlform dar. Derzeit liegt der zulässige Grenzwert für diese Abweichung bei 15 % (BRS Richtlinie 2005).Ziel ist es, befruchtungsrelevante Fähigkeiten von Spermien mit und ohne PT vergleichend zu untersuchen. Basierend darauf wird die Kompensierbarkeit von Plasmatropfen durch eine Erhöhung der Spermienzahl in der Besamungsdosis geprüft. Die Erkenntnisse sollen gegebenenfalls bei Anpassung der BRS-Richtlinie berücksichtigt werden.

Results:

Animals 2021, 11, 2570. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/ani11092570; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12202892

Cooperation Partners:

Dr. Heiko Henning, Friedrich-Loeffler Institut Mariensee

Prof. Martin Schulze, Institut für Fortpflanzung landwirtschaftlicher Nutztiere, Schönow

Funding: DFG SI 1462/4-2, 210.000 EUR

Project Details:
The central aim of the first phase of our project was to correlate subzero membrane phase and permeability properties of sperm with their ability to survive freezing and thawing. In addition, biomolecular stability of freeze-dried sperm and physical properties of glasses for dry preservation have been investigated. We discovered that ice formation triggers a membrane phase transition, which is dependent on the ice nucleation temperature, the cooling rate, and the type of cryoprotective agent that is used. Freezing-induced membrane phase changes were used to investigate the cell membrane permeability to water allowing prediction of optimal cooling rates for cryopreservation. Furthermore, we discovered that membranes become permeable for molecules for which they are normally impermeable during freezing, while the cells survive freezing zu beladen. We found that simply exposing cells to freezing can thus be used to load cells with membrane impermeable lyoprotective agents, such as sucrose or trehalose, which preserves chromatin in freeze-dried sperm even under accelerated aging conditions. Whereas in the first phase of this project water and solute transport processes have been predominantly studied at the cellular and membrane level, in the next phase this will be extended to the tissue level and multiple component solutions. Membrane transport parameters of oocytes for water and cryoprotective agents will be determined from cell volume responses in a microfluidic device. Membrane permeabilization during loading cells with cryoprotective agents will be investigated by studying uptake of membrane-impermeable molecules. It is planned to investigate if sodium ions also pass membranes during freezing and if freezing in reduced sodium increases cryosurvival. Diffusion of protective molecules in ovarian tissues and concomitant dehydration will be investigated to develop a mass transport model, which will allow to correlate distribution of protectants with cryosuriviva. Storage stability of cryopreserved specimens will be investigated by studying molecular mobility and membrane transport processes near the glass transition temperature with the aim to develop formulations allowing cryogenic storage at higher temperatures.

Funding: Bundesministerium für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft durch die Bundesanstalt für Landwirtschaft und Ernährung, 671.093 EUR

Project Details:
Thailand and Cambodia are both affected by malnutrition of children and mothers, be it by the by the sheer number of persons suffering from it (Thailand), be it by the high percentage of the general population (Cambodia). While consuming insects (entomophagy) has a long tradition in these countries and is relatively widespread, this tradition involves gathering from the wild and subsequent preparation and consumption of the fresh or frozen insects. On one hand, if food insects, because of their nutritional benefits, are to play a major role in providing food for mankind, farming rather than collecting from the wild will be necessary. These techniques, already practiced in some parts of Thailand and Cambodia, have the potential to be used as mini-livestock by families, as many insect species may be raised sustainably on agricultural side streams with less ecological impact as more typical livestock. On the other hand, rearing insects is prone to create surpluses in insect production, making preservation techniques necessary to ensure food safety by extending shelf life. These novel products may be produced for the family or sold at local markets creating an extra income.
IFNext attends these needs. The overall goal is to produce insects sustainably for the own consumption resp. to generate products that can be sold on the market and that actually meet the expectations of farmers and consumers alike.

Cooperation Partners:

Dr. Rachakris Lertpatarakomol, MUT: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology (มหาวิทยาลัยเทคโนโลยีมหานคร)

Dr. Keo Sath, RUA: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Royal University of Agriculture (សាកលវិទ្យាល័យភូមិន្ទកសិកម)

Dr. Chhay Ty, LDC: Centre for Livestock and Agricultural Development (មជ្ឈមណ្ឌលអភិវឌ្ឍន៍ការចិញ្ចឹមសត្វ និងកសិកម្ម)

Dr. Jamlong Mitchaothai, KMITL: Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut?s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (สถาบันเทคโนโลยีพระจอมเกล้าเจ้าคุณทหารลาดกระบัง)

Funding: Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica GmbH, 16.666 EUR

Project Details:
Zeitgleiche Isolierung und Charakterisierung von S. suis und PRRSV aus Organsystemen sezierter Schweine. Charakterisierung der Effizienz der Immunausweichmechanismen von S. suis Isolaten.