Research

Funding: Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt (DBU), 289.350 EUR

Project Details:
Artenreiche Grünlandflächen enthalten auch toxische Pflanzenarten wie Jakobs-Greiskraut (Senecio jacobaea) und Herbst-Zeitlose (Colchicum autumnale), wodurch solche Standorte als Mähwiese zur Futterproduktion auf Grund des Tiergesundheitsrisikos unbrauchbar werden.
Daher wird im ersten Teil des Projekts die Ursache für das Aufkommen dieser Giftpflanzen untersucht. Welche Rolle spielen Bodenparameter und Vegetation bei der heterogenen Verteilung der Pflanzenarten auf einer Wiese und gibt es Unterschiede im Toxingehalt innerhalb der Greiskraut- und Zeitlosen-Population?
Der zweite Teil des Projekts umfasst einen Tierversuch, bei dem die Aufnahme oder Selektion von Greiskraut und Zeitlose und zusätzlich Johanniskraut; Hypericum perforatum) im Heu bei einer ad libitum Fütterung von Pferden untersucht wird. Um gesundheitliche Risiken auszuschließen, führt eine mögliche Aufnahme zum Ausschluss des Tieres aus dem Versuch, weshalb das Fressverhalten genau beobachtet und zusätzlich mit Kameraaufnahmen überwacht wird.

Cooperation Partners:

Gesellschaft für Naturschutz und Auenentwicklung e.V. (GNA),

Veterinärmedizinische Fakultät Universität Leipzig

Funding: DFG WO 1735/6-2, 210.000 EUR

Project Details:
The central aim of the first phase of our project was to correlate subzero membrane phase and permeability properties of sperm with their ability to survive freezing and thawing. In addition, biomolecular stability of freeze-dried sperm and physical properties of glasses for dry preservation have been investigated. We discovered that ice formation triggers a membrane phase transition, which is dependent on the ice nucleation temperature, the cooling rate, and the type of cryoprotective agent that is used. Freezing-induced membrane phase changes were used to investigate the cell membrane permeability to water allowing prediction of optimal cooling rates for cryopreservation. Furthermore, we discovered that membranes become permeable for molecules for which they are normally impermeable during freezing, while the cells survive freezing zu beladen. We found that simply exposing cells to freezing can thus be used to load cells with membrane impermeable lyoprotective agents, such as sucrose or trehalose, which preserves chromatin in freeze-dried sperm even under accelerated aging conditions. Whereas in the first phase of this project water and solute transport processes have been predominantly studied at the cellular and membrane level, in the next phase this will be extended to the tissue level and multiple component solutions. Membrane transport parameters of oocytes for water and cryoprotective agents will be determined from cell volume responses in a microfluidic device. Membrane permeabilization during loading cells with cryoprotective agents will be investigated by studying uptake of membrane-impermeable molecules. It is planned to investigate if sodium ions also pass membranes during freezing and if freezing in reduced sodium increases cryosurvival. Diffusion of protective molecules in ovarian tissues and concomitant dehydration will be investigated to develop a mass transport model, which will allow to correlate distribution of protectants with cryosuriviva. Storage stability of cryopreserved specimens will be investigated by studying molecular mobility and membrane transport processes near the glass transition temperature with the aim to develop formulations allowing cryogenic storage at higher temperatures.

Funding: Förderverein Bioökonomieforschung (FBF e.V.), 39.000 EUR

Project Details:
Richtlinien für spermatologische Mindestanforderungen über die Qualität von Ebersperma berücksichtigen bisher nicht die Spermienzahl in der Besamungsportion. Es ist bekannt, dass bestimmte Defizite in der Spermaqualität durch eine erhöhte Spermienzahl in der Besamungsportion kompensierbar sind. Die Kompensierbarkeit ist abhängig von der Art der Abweichung und der Anzahl betroffener Spermien im Ejakulat. Im Ebersperma stellen Plasmatropfen (PT) die häufigste morphologische Fehlform dar. Derzeit liegt der zulässige Grenzwert für diese Abweichung bei 15 % (BRS Richtlinie 2005).Ziel ist es, befruchtungsrelevante Fähigkeiten von Spermien mit und ohne PT vergleichend zu untersuchen. Basierend darauf wird die Kompensierbarkeit von Plasmatropfen durch eine Erhöhung der Spermienzahl in der Besamungsdosis geprüft. Die Erkenntnisse sollen gegebenenfalls bei Anpassung der BRS-Richtlinie berücksichtigt werden.

Results:

Animals 2021, 11, 2570. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/ani11092570; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12202892

Cooperation Partners:

Dr. Heiko Henning, Friedrich-Loeffler Institut Mariensee

Prof. Martin Schulze, Institut für Fortpflanzung landwirtschaftlicher Nutztiere, Schönow

Funding: DFG SI 1462/4-2, 210.000 EUR

Project Details:
The central aim of the first phase of our project was to correlate subzero membrane phase and permeability properties of sperm with their ability to survive freezing and thawing. In addition, biomolecular stability of freeze-dried sperm and physical properties of glasses for dry preservation have been investigated. We discovered that ice formation triggers a membrane phase transition, which is dependent on the ice nucleation temperature, the cooling rate, and the type of cryoprotective agent that is used. Freezing-induced membrane phase changes were used to investigate the cell membrane permeability to water allowing prediction of optimal cooling rates for cryopreservation. Furthermore, we discovered that membranes become permeable for molecules for which they are normally impermeable during freezing, while the cells survive freezing zu beladen. We found that simply exposing cells to freezing can thus be used to load cells with membrane impermeable lyoprotective agents, such as sucrose or trehalose, which preserves chromatin in freeze-dried sperm even under accelerated aging conditions. Whereas in the first phase of this project water and solute transport processes have been predominantly studied at the cellular and membrane level, in the next phase this will be extended to the tissue level and multiple component solutions. Membrane transport parameters of oocytes for water and cryoprotective agents will be determined from cell volume responses in a microfluidic device. Membrane permeabilization during loading cells with cryoprotective agents will be investigated by studying uptake of membrane-impermeable molecules. It is planned to investigate if sodium ions also pass membranes during freezing and if freezing in reduced sodium increases cryosurvival. Diffusion of protective molecules in ovarian tissues and concomitant dehydration will be investigated to develop a mass transport model, which will allow to correlate distribution of protectants with cryosuriviva. Storage stability of cryopreserved specimens will be investigated by studying molecular mobility and membrane transport processes near the glass transition temperature with the aim to develop formulations allowing cryogenic storage at higher temperatures.

Funding: Bundesministerium für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft durch die Bundesanstalt für Landwirtschaft und Ernährung, 671.093 EUR

Project Details:
Thailand and Cambodia are both affected by malnutrition of children and mothers, be it by the by the sheer number of persons suffering from it (Thailand), be it by the high percentage of the general population (Cambodia). While consuming insects (entomophagy) has a long tradition in these countries and is relatively widespread, this tradition involves gathering from the wild and subsequent preparation and consumption of the fresh or frozen insects. On one hand, if food insects, because of their nutritional benefits, are to play a major role in providing food for mankind, farming rather than collecting from the wild will be necessary. These techniques, already practiced in some parts of Thailand and Cambodia, have the potential to be used as mini-livestock by families, as many insect species may be raised sustainably on agricultural side streams with less ecological impact as more typical livestock. On the other hand, rearing insects is prone to create surpluses in insect production, making preservation techniques necessary to ensure food safety by extending shelf life. These novel products may be produced for the family or sold at local markets creating an extra income.
IFNext attends these needs. The overall goal is to produce insects sustainably for the own consumption resp. to generate products that can be sold on the market and that actually meet the expectations of farmers and consumers alike.

Cooperation Partners:

Dr. Rachakris Lertpatarakomol, MUT: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology (มหาวิทยาลัยเทคโนโลยีมหานคร)

Dr. Keo Sath, RUA: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Royal University of Agriculture (សាកលវិទ្យាល័យភូមិន្ទកសិកម)

Dr. Chhay Ty, LDC: Centre for Livestock and Agricultural Development (មជ្ឈមណ្ឌលអភិវឌ្ឍន៍ការចិញ្ចឹមសត្វ និងកសិកម្ម)

Dr. Jamlong Mitchaothai, KMITL: Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut?s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (สถาบันเทคโนโลยีพระจอมเกล้าเจ้าคุณทหารลาดกระบัง)

Funding: EU , 330.000 EUR

Project Details:
Full proposal for the call identifier SFS-14-2016 - Research and Innovation Action
"Understanding host-pathogen-environment interactions"

The problem being addressed is the major economic losses to the pig production industry worldwide due to Streptococcus suis (S. suis). This pathogen can cause invasive disease in pigs with symptoms such as acute sepsis, meningitis, endocarditis, pneumonia and arthritis often being reported. Almost 100% of pig farms world-wide have carrier animals (based on consultation with national farming associations veterinary practitioners and scientific researchers). S. suis is also frequently associated with porcine respiratory disease complex which is one of the major causes of mortality in pigs. In polymicrobial respiratory infections S. suis is considered as an opportunist invader and the interactions with other pathogens and the effects on the host?s immune system are not well understood. S. suis is also a zoonotic pathogen and human infections worldwide have increased significantly in the past years, with most cases originating in Southeast Asia . Currently, no efficacious, cross-protective vaccines exist for S. suis and resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, tetracyclines, and sulphonamides has been reported for up to 85% of S. suis isolates in many countries.S. suis is reported to be the most serious pathogen in piglets between the ages of 4 and 12 weeks and a leading cause of mortality in suckling pigs. Reports describing difficulty in disease control and management, especially "failure of bacterin vaccines" are common. Apart from economic losses due to mortality, S. suis infections depress both food conversion efficiency and daily life weight gain, thereby increasing unit production costs. Control is a priority target for the pig production and animal health industry due to the lack of cross-protective vaccines, increasing antibiotic resistance and endemic carriage in pig herds worldwide. Furthermore, there is recent concern about the emergence of hyper-virulent strains able to cause more rapid and severe infections of pigs and humans. The goal of PIGSs is to increase our understanding of the host-pathogen-environment interactions in S. suis infections in pigs, and thereby strengthening the evidence base for new innovations and effective prevention and control strategies. These include policy advice to stakeholders (e.g. farming practices), new diagnostics for virulent strains, subunit protein vaccines and other interventions to manipulate the host's protective microbiota and natural defense/immunity.

Results:

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/mbo3.1234; https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-18227-3; https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/2/366; https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/13/1/4

Cooperation Partners:

Jerry Wells (NL), Koordinator

Funding: NIH, 318.177 EUR

Project Details:
To achieve a comprehensive mapping of the detailed autonomic, sensory and intrinsic innervation of the colon we have brought together a multidisciplinary team of world experts who have developed breakthrough methodological approaches to assess intrinsic and extrinsic innervation as well as functional circuitry. These recent advanced technologies include the use of tissue clearing (CLARITY), optogenetics, viral tracing, and a miniaturized microelectrode array device capable of a wide range of stimulation parameters, high-resolution microscopy and fiber-optic manometry catheter, as well as laser capture microdissection combined with NanoString nCounter techniques to map the molecular profiling of enteric neurons. These approaches will be applied to define molecular identity of ENS neurons, functional connectivity, detailed autonomic and sensory neuroanatomy, identification of ENS neurons projecting to target colonic cells and influence of different type of electrical stimulation on colonic function (secretion, permeability, motility, afferent nerve modulation). This will provide the foundation of the physiological mechanisms regulating the large intestine and the basis for a strategic development of efficacious treatment for the many intractable colonic disorders.

Cooperation Partners:

Flinders University (AU), University of California Los Angeles (USA), University of Nevada School of Medicine (USA) and Technical University of Munich (DE)

Funding: Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica GmbH, 16.666 EUR

Project Details:
Zeitgleiche Isolierung und Charakterisierung von S. suis und PRRSV aus Organsystemen sezierter Schweine. Charakterisierung der Effizienz der Immunausweichmechanismen von S. suis Isolaten.

Project Details:
Respiratory multifactorial diseases cause problems in swine populations worldwide. Pathogens as porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae)may be involved in disease development in combination with management, husbandry, and environmental factors. In a conventional farm, where piglets were not vaccinated against PCV2, it will be examined to what extent the introduction of vaccination against PCV2 has an effect on animal health. In addition the effect of the used combinaory vaccine (PCV2+M.hyopneumoniae) will be evaluated in comparison to simultaneously administered mono- vaccines against PCV2 and M. hyopneumoniae.
In a two-phase trial, 524 (phase 1) or 521 (phase 2) clinically healthy piglets are included at the first week of life. In the first phase, performance parameters will be compared in animals vaccinated against M. hyopneumoniae only (group A) or vaccinated against PCV2 and M. hyopneumoniae (group B). In phase 2, vaccinations against PCV2 and M. hyopneumoniae with different vaccines are compared (groups C and D). Performance parameters recorded will include total losses, daily weight gains during suckling, rearing, and fattening, and pathogen loads in serum (PCV2) or tracheobronchial secretions (M. hyopneumoniae). In addition, lungs are assessed at slaughter.

Funding: Ministerium für Energiewende, Landwirtschaft, Umwelt, Natur und Digitalisierung des Landes Schleswig Holstein., 10.000 EUR

Project Details:
Dieses Projekt hat zum Ziel, geeignete Tötungsmethoden für Ferkel unter 30 kg, bei denen aus Tierschutzgründen eine Tötung erforderlich ist, hinsichtlich ihres praktischen Einsatzes im Betrieb zu bewerten.