Research

Funding: Niedersächsisches Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Kultur, 45.000 EUR

Project Details:
The aim of the project is to build up and consolidate our project consortium, to prepare the project application and to ensure a joint application in due time in this EU funding program. The composition of a convincing project consortium with the involvement of many different European countries is quite important. We aim to coordinate for the project as well as to cover important research areas. The deliverables also include contributing to a better overall societal and public understanding of the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning through education and training (school and marine science, art and citizen science platforms). Therefore, we would like to specifically work with a professional media partner to create a good outreach concept. The proposed project should enable us to ensure the preparation of the proposal with the project partners, to write the proposal with experienced scientists in the field of biodiversity, ecology and health and to submit it on time with the support of an external professional EU project proposal office

Results:

In the project, the preparation of the application was ensured with the project partners. With experienced scientists from the fields of biodiversity, ecology and health and with the support of an external professional office for EU project the application was submitted on time.

Funding: BMBF, 212.548 EUR

Project Details:
We applied for an follow-up financing in order to increase the reach, the attractiveness as well as the functionaliy of the platform. Due to corona this was not possible to a sufficient extent within the originally planned projekt period. The following optimizations are now planned for the top-up phase:
Target group expansion to include interested non-scientists.
Networking of 3R-SMART with established online portals of external partners.
Integration of an area with Open-Educational-Resources.
Integration of a collection of contributions to 3R centers.
Integration of interactive elements into existing contributions.

Cooperation Partners:

Philipps-Universität Marburg

Funding: Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie, 220.000 EUR

Project Details:
Wildlife repellents are used to keep wildlife, especially ungulates, away from roads and agricultural and forestry crops. The construction of fences is currently the most effective, but also the most complex method. However, these fences cannot and should not be installed comprehensively. For this reason, optical, acoustic or olfactory repellents are commonly
used. While the efficacy of optical and acoustic devices to prevent wildlife-vehicle collisions and wildlife damage has now been refuted, the influence of olfactory repellents has not yet been sufficiently investigated. Since, in addition to the potential efficacy, the enormous amount of work and costs involved in the application also counteracts effective use, a novel wildlife steering system based on combined olfactory repellent depots for semi-automated application by vehicles is to be developed to solve this problem. These repellents can be combined and adapted according to the animal species in focus.
A special carrier paper is impregnated with the respective olfactory repellents and pressed with an aerodynamically optimized carrier for optimal flight characteristics for automated application. In this way, a targeted and cost-effective distribution of combined olfactory repellents should be possible and a virtual scent fence with increased duration of efficacy could be created.

Project Details:
Microvillus inclusion disease (MVID) is a rare congenital disorder that is characterized by a villus atrophy and the presence of microvillus inclusion bodies (MVIBs). In experimental settings using cationized ferritin in human biopsies we have previously demonstrated that the inclusion bodies originate from autophagocytosis of apical cell membrane and represent early endosomes. The genetic defect in MVID has been meanwhile mapped to the MYO5B gene that encodes the unconventional type myosin 5b motor protein. Myosin 5b is associated with the plasma membrane recycling system in non-polarized cells and the apical recycling system in polarized cells. Furthermore, it has been shown that the Rab11 family interacting protein 2 associates with myosin 5b in regulating plasma membrane recycling. These findings underline the importance of unravelling the cellular mechanisms of autophagocytosis of the apical membrane of enterocytes in MVID membranes with the ultimate goal of designing appropriate therapeutic measures in this context. In this proposal we will generate intestinal Caco-2 cells in which myosin 5b has been downregulated, depleted or modified and assess at the molecular and biochemical levels the consequences on the trafficking and targeting of a panel of brush border membrane proteins. We will further investigate the function of inhibitors of protein transport and polarized sorting as well as vesicular trafficking in myosin 5b-depleted Caco-2 cells as potentiators of brush border membrane rescue. The data gained from the cell culture model will be confirmed and expanded into intestinal organoids that will be generated from intestinal biopsy specimens of MVID patients. In this model we will address similar questions to those in the cellular model and identify targets for (i) preventing the formation of MVIBs and (ii) potential restoration of proper trafficking and sorting of intestinal protein markers and reducing carbohydrate malabsorption. The ultimate goal is to test inhibitors and modulators of these targets that are the least toxic for enterocytes. These substances would then represent suitable candidates for clinical trials in MVID patients. Substances like vincristine (cytostatic drugs) and chlorpromazine (neuroleptic drugs) are already approved drugs for treatment in children, yet not for the use in MVID.

Funding: Lionex GmbH, Braunschweig, 20.160 EUR

Project Details:
In the present project, the immunomodulatory property of purified proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on the effect of neutrophils will be investigated. Lionex provides purified proteins for this purpose, which have been produced endotoxin-free. Based on the expertise on the antimicrobial effect and immunomodulatory effect of neutrophils, different assays will be performed at TiHo to characterize the effect of the proteins on neutrophils.

Results:

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38124744/

Cooperation Partners:

Prof. Mahavir Singh, Lionex GmbH, Braunschweig

Prof. Rajko Reljic, St George's, University of London

Funding: Bundesanstalt für Landwirtschaft und Ernährung, 451.471 EUR

Project Details:
Structuring through light - a solution for animal welfare in turkey farming

Cooperation Partners:

Landwirte aus Sachsen-Anhalt und Thüringen

Funding: DFG, 240.125 EUR

Project Details:
Neurons in the intermedial nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (INLL) are implicated in cross-frequency integration of auditory signals in bats. Contrary to other auditory brainstem nuclei in rodents, INLL neurons show a strong biophysical heterogeneity, as membrane time constants range over three orders of magnitude. Correlated with the membrane time constant the neuronal output type shows onset, adapting and sustained firing behaviours. We intend to understand this cellular heterogeneity on the molecular, biophysical and synaptic level. Therefore, we combine functional characterisations of INLL neurons with their single cell transcriptome analysis. This project generates the cellular fundament of exploring the functional features of INLL neurons that is so far enigmatic.

Results:

Wicke KD, Oppe L, Geese C, Sternberg AK, Felmy F.: Neuronal morphology and synaptic input patterns of neurons in the intermediate nucleus of the lateral lemniscus of gerbils. Sci Rep. 2023 Aug 30;13(1):14182. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-41180-8.

Funding: Landwirtschaftskammer Niedersachsen, 38.933 EUR

Project Details:
Eine Unkrautbekämpfung durch Beweidung mit Schafen ist eine interessante Perspektive für den ökologischen und konventionellen Ackerbau. Doch dürfte der Einsatz herbivorer Profis auf Äckern von den landwirtschaftlichen Betrieben äußerst skeptisch betrachtet werden. Zu groß erscheint das Risiko, die Schafe könnten mehr schaden als nützen und die Kulturen anstelle der Unkräuter fressen. Tierschutzrechtliche Bedenken könnten entstehen bei der Vorstellung, dass zu den Unkräutern auf Äckern potentielle Giftpflanzen wie Stechapfel (Datura) und Greiskraut (Senecio) zählen. Nicht zuletzt wird man den Aufwand der Zäunung und der Betreuung fürchten. Alle diese Befürchtungen stehen einer Umsetzung einer Unkrautbekämpfung mit Schafen entgegen. Das wollten wir nicht ungeprüft akzeptieren. Mit unserer Machbarkeitsstudie sollen drei Variablen getestet werden: (1) Beweidungszeit und (2) Auftriebszeit sowie (3) Besatzdichte soll festgestellt werden, wann Maispflanzen ein attraktives Futter bilden. Außerdem kann durch unterschiedliche Dauer der Beweidung geprüft werden, wieviel Unkraut bereits auf der Fläche wachsen muss, um die Tiere ausreichend zu sättigen und von den Maispflanzen abzulenken. Über die verschiedenen Besatzdichten lässt sich die Selektivität der Tiere begrenzen, um sie zu motivieren, Unkraut statt Mais zu äsen. In jedem Fall soll Heu angeboten werden, damit sich die Tiere nicht unbemerkt zwangsweise von Unkraut ernähren müssen.

Funding: Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft, 250.000 EUR

Project Details:
Ab dem 28.01.2022 tritt das neue Tierarzneimittelgesetz in Kraft, sodass es ab diesem Zeitpunkt immer wichtiger wird, Hochleistungstiere durch optimierte Ernährung gesund zu erhalten. Ziel dieses Projektes ist eine Verbesserung der Eutergesundheit und damit einhergehend der Milchqualität durch den Einsatz von Pflanzenkohle, die mit Vitamin E angereichert wird. Zunächst soll in vitro der Effekt der Pflanzenkohle auf die Fermentation im künstlichen Pansen (RUSITEC) untersucht werden. Basierend auf den Ergebnissen der in-vitro-Studie wird anschließend die Pflanzenkohle bei laktierenden Milchkühen über das Milchleistungsfutter dosiert.

Cooperation Partners:

Deutsches Institut für Lebensmitteltechnik (DIL), Quakenbrück

Internationale Forschungsgemeinschaft Futtermitteltechnik e. V. (IFF), Braunschweig

Funding: MWK, 50.000 EUR

Project Details:
Das SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-Type 2) ist der Erreger von COVID-19. Der bisherige Verlauf der COVID-19 Pandemie hat nachdrücklich gezeigt, dass eine koordinierte Bündelung von interdisziplinären und komplementären Expertisen notwendig ist, um die vielfältigen Aspekte der Biologie, der Pathologie und der Epidemiologie von SARS-CoV-2 zu entschlüsseln und die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse sowohl klinisch für die Behandlung von Patienteninnen und Patienten als auch für die Modellierung von Infektionsverläufen in der Bevölkerung einzusetzen. Die innerhalb der COFONI Technologieplattform betriebenen COVID-19-Tiermodelle soll dazu beitragen systematisch Daten zu sammeln, zu vergleichen und zu analysieren. Dies soll dazu beitragen, die aus klinischen Studien verfügbaren Daten zu bewerten und den wissenschaftlichen Fortschritt durch In-vivo-Studien kritisch zu reflektieren. Die weitere Verfeinerung und Entwicklung von Tiermodellen für COVID-19 wird zur Entwicklung von Impfstoffen und therapeutischen Wirkstoffen beitragen. Gegenwärtig laufen groß angelegte klinische Studien, in denen mehrere Kandidaten für präventive und therapeutische Maßnahmen am Menschen getestet werden. Die Ergebnisse dieser klinischen Wirksamkeitsstudien werden eine noch nie dagewesene Gelegenheit zur Rückvalidierung und Verfeinerung dieser Tiermodelle bieten.