Research

Funding: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, 103.600 EUR

Project Details:
Ziel des Forschungsvorhabens ist die systematische Untersuchung des kurz- und langfristigen Metabolismus von LC n-3 und n-6 PUFA zu Hydroxy-, Epoxy- und Dihydroxy-FA bei stoffwechselgesunden Probanden. In drei Proof-of-Concept Studien sollen die Effekte einer Gabe von ALA, EPA und DHA bzw. unterschiedlicher Verhältnisse an ALA und LA über einen definierten Zeitraum auf die Gehalte an freien Oxylipinen (Hydroxy-, Epoxy- und Dihydroxy-FA sowie einige exemplarische Prostanoide) in Plasma und Urin untersucht werden. Ein weiteres Augenmerk liegt auf den LC PUFA-Profilen in verschiedenen Fraktionen des Blutes (Plasma, Erythrozytenmembranen, freie Fettsäuren, Phospholipide).

Cooperation Partners:

PD Dr. Jan Philipp Schuchardt

Abteilung Ernährungsphysiologie und Humanernährung

Universität Hannover

Project Details:
Klinische Studie

Funding: ZuivelNL, 163.000 EUR

Project Details:
Klinische Studie

Cooperation Partners:

Universität Utrecht, Universität Wageningen

Project Details:
Until now only little is known about the impact of physiological oxygen conditions (physioxia) on the viability, differentiation process, and the antimicrobial activity of immune cells like mast cells (MCs). MCs are important innate immune cells mediating immune cell recruitment and antimicrobial defense. They originate from hematopoietic precursors and specifically differentiate to mature and functional MCs in the destination tissue such as skin, mucosa and intestine. To differentiate MCs and to study their immune cell function, atmospheric oxygen conditions (20-21% O2) are traditionally used in cell culture although the physiological oxygen conditions in vivo in tissues are significant lower. This study aims to characterize the differentiation of immature murine bone marrow-derived MCs under physiological oxygen conditions (7% O2; 53 mmHg). Therefore, bone marrow derived suspension cells were cultured in the presence of IL-3 for 39 days with continuous, non-invasive determination of the oxygen level using a Fibox4-PSt3 measurement system without technique-dependent oxygen consumption. Cellular viability and differentiation status were monitored with cell specific surface marker using flow cytometry. The impact of physioxia on the maturation of MCs was ascertained by investigating histamine level with high performance liquid chromatography and quantifying the expression of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (hif-1á) and its target genes vegf, il-6, and tnf-á with real time PCR. Using toluidine blue staining we confirmed that the differentiated MCs stay viable under physioxia during the specified period of 39 days. Interestingly, MCs cultivated at 7% O2 (53 mmHg) show a significantly delayed differentiation rate defined by CD117-positive cells compared to MCs cultivated under normoxia (21% O2). Investigating the gene expression of hif-1á and its target genes of differentiated MCs exhibited a significant lower transcript expression under physioxia compared to normoxia. Moreover, the amount of intracellular stored histamine is significantly decreased in MCs differentiated under low oxygen levels.

Cooperation Partners:

oProf. Herbert Fuhrmann, Universität Leipzig, Veterinärmedizinische Fakultät, Veterinär-Physiologisch-Chemisches Institut, Leipzig

Funding: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) Förderung im Rahmen des DZIF (Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung), TTU Emerging Infections , 143.448 EUR

Project Details:
Viren können ihre Wirtsspezifität und pathogenen Eigenschaften durch verschiedene evolutionäre Mechanismen verändern. Da eine Vielzahl neuer Infektionskrankheiten des Menschen ihren Ursprung in Viren aus dem Tierreich hat, ist ein detailliertes Wissen über das Spektrum der Viren in Haus-, Nutz- und Wildtieren wichtig, um sich auf die Bedrohung durch neue Infektionskrankheiten künftig besser vorbereiten zu können. Das Hauptziel des Projekts ist die Identifizierung und Charakterisierung neuer Viren aus Rind und Schwein. Hierzu sollen Proben aus Kohorten gesunder und kranker Tierbestände systematisch gesammelt und untersucht werden. Neben der genetischen Charakterisierung mittels verschiedener Nukleinsäureamplifikations- und Sequenziertechniken (PCR, RT-PCR, sequenzunabhängige Amplifikation, next generation sequencing) stellen Untersuchungen der biologischen Eigenschaften dieser Viren sowie die Entwicklung entsprechender diagnostischer Tests interessante Perspektiven für weiterführende Arbeiten dar.

Cooperation Partners:

Prof. Dr. Nicole Fischer (UKE Hamburg-Eppendorf)

Prof. Dr. Adam Grundhoff (Heinrich-Pette-Institut, Hamburg)

Prof. Dr. Christian Drosten (Universität Bonn)

Funding: Fritz-Ahrberg-Stiftung, 45.000 EUR

Project Details:
Fleisch und Fleischerzeugnisse sind in Europa ein wichtiger Bestandteil der Ernährung. Bei den Fleischerzeugnissen gibt es eine große Vielfalt an Produkten insbesondere bei Wurstwaren, mit Brühwurst als dem beliebtesten Vertreter dieser Kategorie. Neben dem klassischen Bezug loser Ware in Metzgereien, sind heute verpackte Produkte im SB-Bereich von Supermärkten üblich. Bei dieser Vermarktungsform werden möglichst lange Haltbarkeitsfristen angestrebt. Um den mikrobiologischen Verderb zu minimieren werden verschiedene Hürden genutzt, neben den produkteigenen, wie Pökeln, Erhitzen oder Räuchern, auch über die Verpackungstechnologie. Der Einsatz einer biologischen Konservierung durch eine gezielte Bakterienflora kann hier synergistisch genutzt werden. Im Rahmen des Projektes wird die Wirkung antibakteriell wirkender Substanzen aus der Flora von Fleischerzeugnissen auf die haltbarkeitsverlängernde Wirkung in verpackter Brühwurst getestet. Die Produkte werden unter handelsüblichen Bedingungen verpackt (Schutzatmosphäre und Vakuum).

Funding: Niedersächsische Bingo-Umweltstiftung , 16.730 EUR

Project Details:
Die floristische Diversität auf Rainen hat vielfältige Auswirkungen auf die Diversität der Wildbienen-Population. Mittels vegetationskundlicher sowie entomologischer Untersuchungen sollen oben genannte Wechselbeziehungen näher charakterisiert werden, und zwar im Rahmen "unkonventioneller Öffentlichketsarbeit", die auf eine entsprechende Wahrnehmung in der städtischen Bevölkerung zielt ("awareness").

Funding: MWK / VW-Stiftung, 20.000 EUR

Project Details:
N-RENNT 2 aims to continue the neuroinfectiology research network in Lower Saxony (N-RENNT) fostering and boosting this young and important interdisciplinary field. N-RENNT 2 will be established by implementing both focused research projects and an advanced and specific training program for graduate students. Structure-building measures as well as sustainability of the project are guaranteed.

Results:

https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12859-017-1645-5

https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article/33/19/3115/3868723

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010482517303499?via%3Dihub

Funding: WWF Deutschland, Berlin, 46.064 EUR

Project Details:
The Doggerbank, the largest sandbank of the central North Sea, is an important habitat of the minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata), which is the most frequently occurring baleen whale species in the entire North Sea. There is a high biological level of production due to the relatively shallow sea in the Doggerbank area combined with a special circulation. This results in rich but agglomerated food resources for apex predators like seabirds and marine mammals owing to good growing conditions for fish populations.

Minke whales are endangered because of several anthropogenic impacts like fishery activities or offshore construction of wind farms due to their biology and occurrence in the North Sea and adjacent waters. Miscellaneous visual surveys on a national as well as international level were conducted in the Doggerbank marine area in the last few years. The collected data are archived in different data bases and have not been merged and analysed yet.

These archived data shall be evaluated during this project in cooperation with Danish, Dutch and British colleagues. Additionally, an acoustic monitoring for the identification of minke whales is to be established. These studies are important steps in order to understand the minke whales´ habitat utilisation in the Doggerbank area more accurately as well as to better protect this species.

Results:

Effort-related survey data of eight different European institutes working on marine mammals were collected and merged into a common database. In total, 794 sighting records of minke whales from marine mammal and seabird surveys were collected and joined in one database. These data submit a description of the spatio-temporal distribution patterns of minke whales in the North Sea.

In spring, minke whales of the north-eastern Atlantic population enter the North Sea from the north. The numbers increase in the course of the summer and decrease within autumn to a minimum of sightings in winter. The Prey species, like sandeels, are a conceivable trigger. A patchy distribution of sandeels or other prey species in the spawning period and at their foraging grounds result in a cluster of marine top predators at known hot spots. The results of this thesis present more than 50% of all sightings within a radius of 20 km of known sandeel foraging grounds.

This report, in particular, shows that minke whales were recorded at the edges and the slopes of the Dogger Bank, where abundant prey species are common. A minor part of individuals is assumed to remain on the shelf in autumn and winter. Despite a small number of sighting records, were noted in the cold seasons around the North Sea.

The numbers of minke whale sightings and strandings increased in recent years, especially in the southern part. This rise may be the result of a growing population, inter- and intraspecific relations, an increase in monitoring effort or a change in distribution patterns.

Due to increasing minke whale sightings around the Dogger Bank a sound recorder was deployed to detect the animals acoustically. The recordings did not show any detection of minke whale calls. However, airgun sounds used for seismic surveys were recorded which can be a reason that the animals were absent.

The results of this report should be considered for species conservation and management as well as for marine spatial planning in the North Sea

Project Details:
Aufgrund der zu erwartenden Ergebnisse dieser Dissertation können die Haltungsbedingungen und die Translatabilität (3R-Refinement)von Mausmodellen des Diabetes Typ 2 optimiert werden.