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2311 results.
Development of effective alternative control strategies against the ciliate Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in trout farms, that are ecologically harmless, well tolerated by fish and omit the use of therapeutics
Entwicklung alternativer ökologisch unbedenklicher, effektiver und für Fische gut verträglicher Bekämpfungsstrategien gegen den Ziliaten Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Infektionen ohne Einsatz von Therapeutika in Forellenhaltungen
Project Investigators: Dr. Verena Jung-Schroers; Prof. Dr. Dieter Steinhagen; TA Felix Teitge
Duration: August 2016 until December 2018
Funding: Bundesanstalt für Landwirtschaft und Ernährung, 238.300 EUR
Project Details:
Infektionen mit Ichthyophthirius multifiliis führen insbesondere in Forellenbetrieben teils zu hochgradigen Verlusten. Da derzeit in der EU keine wirksamen Medikamente zur Behandlung dieser Infektion bei Speisefischen zugelassen sind, besteht ein Therapienotstand. In AbiAqua sollen neue Ansätze zur Bekämpfung des Parasiten verfolgt werden. Zum einen soll die Zahl der infektiösen Parasitenstadien im Wasser und deren Verbreitung signifikant reduziert werden. Dies soll durch Nanofiltration und durch Blockierung der Übertragung durch Methoden, welche die Parasitenstadien im Wasser inaktivieren, die Wirtserkennung verhindern oder die Vermehrungsstadien durch geeignete Methoden abfangen, erreicht werden. Ein weiterer Aspekt soll die Entwicklung von neuen Impfstrategien gegen den Parasiten sein. Die verschiedenen Bekämpfungsstrategien sollen im Rahmen dieses Projektes einzeln und in Kombination miteinander getestet werden.

Das geplante Projekt soll in drei Phasen durchgeführt werden. In Phase eins sollen zunächst Methodiken für die drei Bekämpfungsansätze Nanofiltration, Transmissionsunterbrechung und Impfung gegen I. multifiliis unter Laborbedingungen entwickelt und unter praxisnahen Bedingungen getestet werden. Nach Vorliegen konkreter Ergebnisse sollen die vielversprechendsten Einzel-Ansätze bezogen auf die jeweilige Altersklasse der Fische unter praxisnahen Bedingungen auch in Kombination getestet werden. In Phase zwei sollen die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse und Methoden aus den Laborversuchen in die Praxis übertragen und unter Feldbedingungen hinsichtlich ihrer Effektivität in zwei Teichwirtschaften in den als geeignet erkannten Kombination getestet werden. Phase drei dient der Zusammenfassung der praxisrelevanten Ergebnisse mit dem Ziel eines möglichst breit angelegten Wissenstransfers von relevanten Management-Strategien in die Praxis. Die Ergebnisse sollen in ein Merkblatt eingehen und in die Ausbildung von Teichwirten und Tierärzten mit einfließen.
Cooperation Partners:

Kallert & Loy GBR, Adelsdorf

Bayerische Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft, Institut für Fischerei, Starnberg

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N-RENNT 2 (Work package Immunology)
N-RENNT 2 (Arbeitspaket Immunologie)
Project Investigators: Bernd Lepenies
Duration: October 2016 until September 2018
Funding: MWK / VW-Stiftung, 20.000 EUR
Project Details:
N-RENNT 2 aims to continue the neuroinfectiology research network in Lower Saxony (N-RENNT) fostering and boosting this young and important interdisciplinary field. N-RENNT 2 will be established by implementing both focused research projects and an advanced and specific training program for graduate students. Structure-building measures as well as sustainability of the project are guaranteed.
Results:

Projektergebnisse wurden bisher u.a. publiziert in:

 

1) Mayer, Raulf, Lepenies: C-type lectins: their network and roles in pathogen recognition and immunity. Histochem. Cell. Biol. 2017, 147(2), 223-37.

 

2) Johannssen & Lepenies: Glycan-Based Cell Targeting To Modulate Immune Responses. Trends Biotechnol. 2017, 35(4), 334-46.

 

3) Kruppa, Lepenies, Jung: A genetic algorithm for simulating correlated binary data from biomedical research. Comput. Biol. Med. 2018, 92, 1-8.

 

4) Mayer, Moeller, Monteiro, Ellrott, Josenhans, Lepenies: C-Type Lectin Receptor (CLR)-Fc Fusion Proteins As Tools to Screen for Novel CLR/Bacteria Interactions: An Exemplary Study on Preselected Campylobacter jejuni Isolates. Front. Immunol. 2018, 9, 213.

 

5) Raulf, Johannssen, Matthiesen, Neumann, Hachenberg, Mayer-Lambertz, Steinbeis, Hegermann, Seeberger, Baumgärtner, Strube, Ruland, Lepenies: The C-type Lectin Receptor CLEC12A Recognizes Plasmodial Hemozoin and Contributes to Cerebral Malaria Development. Cell Rep. 2019, 28(1), 30-38.

Cooperation Partners:

Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine Göttingen, Clinical Neuroscience, Neurogenetics; Technical University Braunschweig, Zoological Institute, Division of Cellular Neurobiology; Twincore; Helmholtz Center for Infection Research; Hannover Medical School, Department for Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Immunology, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Institute of Virology, Clinical Neuroanatomy and Neurochemistry u.a.

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Effects of dietary Phosphate deprivation in dairy cattle during the transition period
Effekte oraler Phosphatdepletion bei Milchrindern während der Transitperiode
Project Investigators: Grünberg, Walter
Duration: Mid 2016 until Mid 2018
Funding: ZuivelNL, 163.000 EUR
Project Details:
Klinische Studie
Cooperation Partners:

Universität Utrecht, Universität Wageningen

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Differentiation of murine mast cells under physiological oxygen conditions
Differentiation of murine mast cells under physiological oxygen conditions
Project Investigators: Prof. Dr. Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede; Dr. Katja Branitzki-Heinemann; Helene Möllerherm; Prof. Dr. Hassan Y. Naim
Duration: Beginning 2016 until End 2018
Project Details:
Until now only little is known about the impact of physiological oxygen conditions (physioxia) on the viability, differentiation process, and the antimicrobial activity of immune cells like mast cells (MCs). MCs are important innate immune cells mediating immune cell recruitment and antimicrobial defense. They originate from hematopoietic precursors and specifically differentiate to mature and functional MCs in the destination tissue such as skin, mucosa and intestine. To differentiate MCs and to study their immune cell function, atmospheric oxygen conditions (20-21% O2) are traditionally used in cell culture although the physiological oxygen conditions in vivo in tissues are significant lower. This study aims to characterize the differentiation of immature murine bone marrow-derived MCs under physiological oxygen conditions (7% O2; 53 mmHg). Therefore, bone marrow derived suspension cells were cultured in the presence of IL-3 for 39 days with continuous, non-invasive determination of the oxygen level using a Fibox4-PSt3 measurement system without technique-dependent oxygen consumption. Cellular viability and differentiation status were monitored with cell specific surface marker using flow cytometry. The impact of physioxia on the maturation of MCs was ascertained by investigating histamine level with high performance liquid chromatography and quantifying the expression of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (hif-1á) and its target genes vegf, il-6, and tnf-á with real time PCR. Using toluidine blue staining we confirmed that the differentiated MCs stay viable under physioxia during the specified period of 39 days. Interestingly, MCs cultivated at 7% O2 (53 mmHg) show a significantly delayed differentiation rate defined by CD117-positive cells compared to MCs cultivated under normoxia (21% O2). Investigating the gene expression of hif-1á and its target genes of differentiated MCs exhibited a significant lower transcript expression under physioxia compared to normoxia. Moreover, the amount of intracellular stored histamine is significantly decreased in MCs differentiated under low oxygen levels.
Cooperation Partners:

oProf. Herbert Fuhrmann, Universität Leipzig, Veterinärmedizinische Fakultät, Veterinär-Physiologisch-Chemisches Institut, Leipzig

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Identification and characterization of novel viruses originating from livestock and small animal species
Identifizierung und Charakterisierung von neuen Viren bei Nutz- und Haustieren
Project Investigators: Prof. Dr. Paul Becher; Christine Bächlein, PhD
Duration: January 2016 until December 2018
Funding: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) Förderung im Rahmen des DZIF (Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung), TTU Emerging Infections , 143.448 EUR
Project Details:
Viren können ihre Wirtsspezifität und pathogenen Eigenschaften durch verschiedene evolutionäre Mechanismen verändern. Da eine Vielzahl neuer Infektionskrankheiten des Menschen ihren Ursprung in Viren aus dem Tierreich hat, ist ein detailliertes Wissen über das Spektrum der Viren in Haus-, Nutz- und Wildtieren wichtig, um sich auf die Bedrohung durch neue Infektionskrankheiten künftig besser vorbereiten zu können. Das Hauptziel des Projekts ist die Identifizierung und Charakterisierung neuer Viren aus Rind und Schwein. Hierzu sollen Proben aus Kohorten gesunder und kranker Tierbestände systematisch gesammelt und untersucht werden. Neben der genetischen Charakterisierung mittels verschiedener Nukleinsäureamplifikations- und Sequenziertechniken (PCR, RT-PCR, sequenzunabhängige Amplifikation, next generation sequencing) stellen Untersuchungen der biologischen Eigenschaften dieser Viren sowie die Entwicklung entsprechender diagnostischer Tests interessante Perspektiven für weiterführende Arbeiten dar.
Cooperation Partners:

Prof. Dr. Nicole Fischer (UKE Hamburg-Eppendorf)

Prof. Dr. Adam Grundhoff (Heinrich-Pette-Institut, Hamburg)

Prof. Dr. Christian Drosten (Universität Bonn)

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Optimisation of shelf life of meat products by natural antimicrobial substances from the product microflora
Verbesserung der Haltbarkeit von Wurstprodukten durch natürliche, antibakterielle Substanzen aus der Produktflora
Project Investigators: Dr. F. Reich; Prof. G. Klein
Duration: Beginning 2016 until Beginning 2018
Funding: Fritz-Ahrberg-Stiftung, 45.000 EUR
Project Details:
Fleisch und Fleischerzeugnisse sind in Europa ein wichtiger Bestandteil der Ernährung. Bei den Fleischerzeugnissen gibt es eine große Vielfalt an Produkten insbesondere bei Wurstwaren, mit Brühwurst als dem beliebtesten Vertreter dieser Kategorie. Neben dem klassischen Bezug loser Ware in Metzgereien, sind heute verpackte Produkte im SB-Bereich von Supermärkten üblich. Bei dieser Vermarktungsform werden möglichst lange Haltbarkeitsfristen angestrebt. Um den mikrobiologischen Verderb zu minimieren werden verschiedene Hürden genutzt, neben den produkteigenen, wie Pökeln, Erhitzen oder Räuchern, auch über die Verpackungstechnologie. Der Einsatz einer biologischen Konservierung durch eine gezielte Bakterienflora kann hier synergistisch genutzt werden. Im Rahmen des Projektes wird die Wirkung antibakteriell wirkender Substanzen aus der Flora von Fleischerzeugnissen auf die haltbarkeitsverlängernde Wirkung in verpackter Brühwurst getestet. Die Produkte werden unter handelsüblichen Bedingungen verpackt (Schutzatmosphäre und Vakuum).
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Attention: focus on animals and plants
"Halt' mal - Tiere und Pflanzen in Nahaufnahme"
Project Investigators: PD Dr. S. Aboling
Duration: October 2016 until May 2018
Funding: Niedersächsische Bingo-Umweltstiftung , 16.730 EUR
Project Details:
Die floristische Diversität auf Rainen hat vielfältige Auswirkungen auf die Diversität der Wildbienen-Population. Mittels vegetationskundlicher sowie entomologischer Untersuchungen sollen oben genannte Wechselbeziehungen näher charakterisiert werden, und zwar im Rahmen "unkonventioneller Öffentlichketsarbeit", die auf eine entsprechende Wahrnehmung in der städtischen Bevölkerung zielt ("awareness").
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N-RENNT 2 (Work package Bioinformatics)
N-RENNT 2 (Arbeitspaket Bioinformatik)
Project Investigators: Klaus Jung
Duration: October 2016 until September 2018
Funding: MWK / VW-Stiftung, 20.000 EUR
Project Details:
N-RENNT 2 aims to continue the neuroinfectiology research network in Lower Saxony (N-RENNT) fostering and boosting this young and important interdisciplinary field. N-RENNT 2 will be established by implementing both focused research projects and an advanced and specific training program for graduate students. Structure-building measures as well as sustainability of the project are guaranteed.
Results:

https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12859-017-1645-5

https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article/33/19/3115/3868723

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010482517303499?via%3Dihub

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Investigations of the prevalence of minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) at the Doggerbank
Untersuchungen des Vorkommens von Zwergwalen (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) auf der Doggerbank
Project Investigators: Prof. Prof. h.c. Dr. Ursula Siebert
Duration: April 2016 until June 2018
Funding: WWF Deutschland, Berlin, 46.064 EUR
Project Details:
The Doggerbank, the largest sandbank of the central North Sea, is an important habitat of the minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata), which is the most frequently occurring baleen whale species in the entire North Sea. There is a high biological level of production due to the relatively shallow sea in the Doggerbank area combined with a special circulation. This results in rich but agglomerated food resources for apex predators like seabirds and marine mammals owing to good growing conditions for fish populations.

Minke whales are endangered because of several anthropogenic impacts like fishery activities or offshore construction of wind farms due to their biology and occurrence in the North Sea and adjacent waters. Miscellaneous visual surveys on a national as well as international level were conducted in the Doggerbank marine area in the last few years. The collected data are archived in different data bases and have not been merged and analysed yet.

These archived data shall be evaluated during this project in cooperation with Danish, Dutch and British colleagues. Additionally, an acoustic monitoring for the identification of minke whales is to be established. These studies are important steps in order to understand the minke whales´ habitat utilisation in the Doggerbank area more accurately as well as to better protect this species.
Results:

Effort-related survey data of eight different European institutes working on marine mammals were collected and merged into a common database. In total, 794 sighting records of minke whales from marine mammal and seabird surveys were collected and joined in one database. These data submit a description of the spatio-temporal distribution patterns of minke whales in the North Sea.

In spring, minke whales of the north-eastern Atlantic population enter the North Sea from the north. The numbers increase in the course of the summer and decrease within autumn to a minimum of sightings in winter. The Prey species, like sandeels, are a conceivable trigger. A patchy distribution of sandeels or other prey species in the spawning period and at their foraging grounds result in a cluster of marine top predators at known hot spots. The results of this thesis present more than 50% of all sightings within a radius of 20 km of known sandeel foraging grounds.

This report, in particular, shows that minke whales were recorded at the edges and the slopes of the Dogger Bank, where abundant prey species are common. A minor part of individuals is assumed to remain on the shelf in autumn and winter. Despite a small number of sighting records, were noted in the cold seasons around the North Sea.

The numbers of minke whale sightings and strandings increased in recent years, especially in the southern part. This rise may be the result of a growing population, inter- and intraspecific relations, an increase in monitoring effort or a change in distribution patterns.

Due to increasing minke whale sightings around the Dogger Bank a sound recorder was deployed to detect the animals acoustically. The recordings did not show any detection of minke whale calls. However, airgun sounds used for seismic surveys were recorded which can be a reason that the animals were absent.

The results of this report should be considered for species conservation and management as well as for marine spatial planning in the North Sea

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Einfluss der Haltungsbedingungen auf die Entwicklung von Diabetes Typ 2 in verschiedenen Mausmodellen
Project Investigators: Hackbarth; Kandira
Duration: April 2016 until Mid 2018
Project Details:
Aufgrund der zu erwartenden Ergebnisse dieser Dissertation können die Haltungsbedingungen und die Translatabilität (3R-Refinement)von Mausmodellen des Diabetes Typ 2 optimiert werden.
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