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2231 results.
Impact of virus-induced gill disease caused by carp edema virus (CEV) on the immunological status of fish
Auswirkungen der durch das Carp Edema-Virus (CEV) verursachten Virus-induzierten Kiemenerkrankung auf den immunologischen Status von Fischen
Project Investigators: Adamek, Mikolaj; Steinhagen, Dieter
Duration: January 2020 until December 2022
Funding: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, 391.868 EUR
Project Details:
Gill diseases seriously affect fish health and have a high negative impact on aquaculture, mainly because of the multifunctional properties of gills in fish physiology. Studies on pathogen related gill diseases are largely hampered by the lack of infection models, which exclusively affect gills. Carp edema virus (CEV), a fish-infecting pox virus, affects predominantly the gills of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). It induces a severe gill disease known as koi sleepy disease (KSD) and is fatal for the majority of infected fish.. Due to its severe effect on gills, the CEV infection causes physiological distress to infected fish and also seems to induce an impairment of the immunity. Interestingly, different strains of common carp show high (Amur carp - AS strain) or low (koi strain) resistance to this virus. Our working hypotheses propose that: (i) differential stress response/stress sensitivity might affect the outcome of KSD in koi and AS strains of carp and (ii) severe impairment of the immune response during KSD may have an impact on the general immunological status of the survivors after CEV infection.
In the present project, we will study the mechanisms underlying the differences in the resistance to CEV between AS and koi carp strains. We will also study how a CEV-induced impairment of immune response influences the susceptibility of carp to other pathogens such as the bacterium Flavobacterium branchiophilum or the viruses cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) and spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV). To study the mechanisms of the immunity diminishing we will use a "salt rescue model" which is based on the supplementation of salt (NaCl) into the tank water, which abolishes the impairment of physiology and immune responses in CEV infected fish.
The results of this project will allow us to identify the interplay of stress and immune responses in fish affected by a viral gill disease and its importance for resistance/susceptibility of fish to clinical disease. Finally, the results will allow us to expand our knowledge on important and phylogenetically conserved mechanisms regulating anti-viral immune response. In future, in-depth knowledge of such interactions will help to develop novel strategies for preventing and combating pathogen-induced gill diseases in aquaculture.
Cooperation Partners:

Krakow University, Poland

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Field study on sheep grazing in grasslands with common ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) from point of view of animal health and nature conservation
Feldstudie zur Schafbeweidung von Grünland mit Jakobs-Greiskraut (Senecio jacobaea) aus tiergesundheitlicher und naturschutzfachlicher Sicht
Project Investigators: Sabine Aboling; Martin Ganter
Duration: April 2020 until 2022
Funding: Stiftung Naturschutz Schleswig-Holstein Eschenbrook 4 24113 Molfsee Behörde für Umwelt, Klima, Energie und Agrarwirtschaft (BUKEA) Neuenfelder Straße 19 21109 Hamburg Ministerium für Energiewende, Landwirtschaft, Umwelt, Natur und Digitalisierung des Landes Schleswig-Holstein (MELUND) Mercatorstr. 3 24106 Kiel, 156.504 EUR
Project Details:
Common ragwort (Senecio jacobaea L.) is a worldwide established plant containing toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA), which can lead to liver cirrhosis in livestock, especially cattle and
horses. Controlling ragwort, particularly in conservation areas, is difficult. As sheep seem more resistant to PA, sheep might be a natural defense against the observed spread of ragwort. We tested this in a two-year study on a ragwort-rich pasture with 12 sheep/hectare from May to October 2020-2021. We addressed three questions: (1) To what extent do sheep voluntarily ingest ragwort? (2) In what respect do feeding behavior and nutritional parameters correlate? (3) What impact does grazing have on the yield proportion and number of flowers of dominant plants?
Results:

We showed that sheep preferred ragwort without any harmful effects. The more ragwort was available and the more it contained

sugar, the higher the amount ingested by the sheep. Ragwort accounted for a significantly lower yield proportion of ingested biomass in the second year even though its number of flowers doubled. The yield of biomass of other herbs increased. From the point of view of animal health and nature conservation, sheep grazing on ragwort might be an option to reduce the amount of ragwort in pastures.

Cooperation Partners:

Universität Hamburg

Abteilung Angewandte Pflanzenökologie

Ohnhorststr. 18

22609 Hamburg


Dr. Aiko Huckauf

Stiftung Naturschutz Schleswig-Holstein

Eschenbrook 4

24113 Molfsee

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Observational field study with sheep on pastures with common ragwort (Senecio jacobaea L.) from an animal health and nature conservation perspective
Feldstudie zur Schafbeweidung von Grünland mit Jakobs-Greiskraut (Senecio jacobaea) aus tiergesundheitlicher und naturschutzfachlicher Sicht
Project Investigators: PD Dr. S. Aboling ; TÄ S. Ohlsen
Duration: March 2020 until March 2022
Funding: Stiftung Naturschutz Schleswig-Holstein (StN); Ministerium für Energiewende, Landwirtschaft, Umwelt, Natur und Digitalisierung des Landes Schleswig-Holstein (MELUND); Behörde für Umwelt und Energie der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg (BUE), 109.436 EUR
Project Details:
Das Ziel des Projektes besteht darin, unter artgemäßen Bedingungen auf einer Weide festzustellen, welchen Einfluss die Schafbeweidung einer Dauergrünlandfläche mit einem hohen Anteil an Jakobs-Greiskraut auf die Vegetationszusammensetzung hat, inwieweit Greiskraut von den Schafen aufgenommen wird und inwieweit diese Aufnahme einen Einfluss auf die Tiergesundheit hat.
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Modell- und Demonstrationsvor­haben Tierschutz im Bereich Wissen-Dialog-Praxis für das Vorhaben: Verbesserung des Tierwohls in der Masthühnerhaltung durch Umweltameicherung und Digitalisierung der Tierüberwachung in 'real time'
Project Investigators: Prof. Dr. O. Distl; Prof. Dr. S. Rautenschlein; Dr. M. Auerbach; Dr. C. Sürie; Prof. Dr. C. Visscher
Duration: April 2020 until September 2022
Funding: Bundesministerium für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft (BMEL), 669.373 EUR
Project Details:
Ziel des Projektes ist es, bereits vorhandene wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse und Verfahren zur Verbesserung des Tierschutzes in der Masthühnerhaltung in die Praxis zu übertragen, deren Praxistauglichkeit zu prüfen und die Erfahrungen durch neuartige Formen und Medien für ein breites Fachpublikum aufzuarbeiten und zu demonstrieren.
Im Projekt soll geprüft werden, ob durch ein neuartiges kontinuierlich arbeitendes digitales System die Betreuung der Tierbestände unterstützt und verbessert werden kann. Ungewöhnliches Tierverhalten, Identifikation toter Tiere, feuchter Einstreu, tropfender Tränken und Grenzwertüberschreitungen wichtiger Parameter (Temperatur, Luftfeuchte, CO2, etc.) werden direkt an den Tierbetreuer gemeldet, so dass dieser zeitnahe und zielgerichtete Maßnahmen ergreifen kann. Außerdem sollen durch das System die auszuprobierenden innovativen Stallmodifikationen (Aufbaummöglichkeiten, Sandgabe) zur Verbesserung des Tierschutzes evaluiert werden.

Es ist vorgesehen das Vorhaben auf dem Lehr- und Versuchsgut Ruthe und auf insgesamt fünf bundesweit verteilten Praxisbetrieben durchzuführen.
Regelmäßige Projektreffen und digitale Medien werden zum Informationsaustausch und zur Vernetzung der teilnehmenden Landwirte genutzt. Außerdem sind Vorführungen und Schulungen sowie Veröffentlichungen in Fachzeitschriften, Internetauftritte sowie Teilnahmen an Tagungen zum Wissenstransfer vorgesehen.
Das Vorhaben ist Teil eines Verbundes. Das Verbundprojekt wird in Zusammenarbeit mit masthühnerhaltenden Praxisbetrieben durchgeführt. Für die Koordination ist die Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover federführend verantwortlich (Koordination: Prof. Dr. Distl).
Zum Projektende werden alle Ergebnisse frei zur Verfügung gestellt und auch auf dieser Homepage der MuD Tierschutz veröffentlicht. Zudem wird am Ende der Projektlaufzeit eine Abschlussveranstaltung zur Verbreitung der Ergebnisse stattfinden.
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Roggen in der Geflügelfütterung
Project Investigators: Prof. Dr. C. Visscher; Dr. V. Wilke
Duration: March 2020 until December 2022
Funding: KWS Lochow GmbH, 82.107 EUR
Project Details:
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Detection of spermatogonial stem cells (SSC) in testicular tissue of dogs with spontaneous immune mediated orchitis
Sind spermatogonial stem cells (SSC) bei Rüden mit spontaner immun-mediierter Orchitis noch vorhanden?
Project Investigators: Goericke-Pesch, Sandra; Reifarth, Larena
Duration: August 2020 until July 2022
Funding: AfT e.V. (Akademie für Tiergesundheit), 24.000 EUR
Project Details:
Die Tatsache, einen erfolgreichen Zuchtrüden plötzlich und meist unbemerkt für die Zucht zu verlieren, ist beim Besitzer oftmals mit einer starken emotionalen Belastung, aber auch mit wirtschaftlichen Verlusten verbunden. Zusätzlich dazu stellt es den Tierarzt vor große Probleme: Aufgrund der meist späten Vorstellung des Rüdens ist es äußerst schwierig die auslösende Noxe rückblickend zu identifizieren und eine dementsprechende Behandlung einzuleiten. Azoospermie, das Fehlen von Spermien im Ejakulat, ist mit 34,8% der häufigste Befund bei infertilen, andrologisch geschlechtsgesunden Rüden. Sowohl beim Hund als auch bei anderen Spezies, kommt die testikuläre nicht-obstruktive Form der Azoospermie (NOA) am häufigsten vor. Die Diagnose ist mit hochgradigen histologischen Veränderungen, Infiltration von Immunzellen und dem Arrest der Spermatogenese assoziiert, was auf eine spontane autoimmun-vermittelte Orchitis (AIO) hindeutet. Die Art der beteiligten Immunzellen wurde von der AG identifiziert und die Expression von Entzündungsmarkern näher charakterisiert. Bei bereits eingetretener Infertilität ist von einer schlechten Prognose und irreversiblen Schädigung des Gewebes auszugehen. Eine Möglichkeit der Therapie oder Heilung der Erkrankung besteht bisher nicht. Grundvoraussetzung für die Bildung von gesunden Spermien im Ejakulat ist das Vorhandensein der sogenannten spermatogonial stem cells (SCCs) im Hoden. Diese Stammzellpopulation besitzt einerseits die Fähigkeit zur Selbsterneuerung und produziert andererseits sich differenzierende Tochterzellen. Aktuelle Studien beschäftigen sich mit der Verwendung von SSCs zur Behandlung von Infertilität und Fruchtbarkeitsstörungen in der Humanmedizin. Um diese Erkenntnisse auf der Rüden übertragen zu können, ist ein erster essenzieller Schritt zur Behandlung der AIO die Suche nach SSCs im entzündlich veränderten Hodengewebe.
Results:

https://scholar.google.de/scholar?hl=de&as_sdt=0%2C5&as_vis=1&q=Detection+of+spermatogonial+stem+cells+%28SSC%29+in+testicular+tissue+of+dogs+with+spontaneous+immune+mediated+orchitis&btnG=

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Dry preservation of decellularized heart valves for cardiac regenerative medicine
Trockenkonservierung dezellularisierter Herzklappen für die kardiale Regenerationsmedizin
Project Investigators: Prof. Dr. Ir. Willem F. Wolkers
Duration: February 2020 until January 2022
Funding: Hirsch foundation, 50.000 EUR
Project Details:
Decellularized heart valve tissues can be used to replace a malfunctioning heart valve. This option is particularly suitable for young patients, because decellularized tissues have regeneration potential. We have pioneered in developing methods for dry preservation of mammalian cells and tissues and demonstrated that this can be done using disaccharides such as sucrose or trehalose which can be found at high concentrations in anhydrobiotic organisms that naturally survive drying. Drying of decellularized heart valves may alter the properties of the extracellular matrix and impair their in vivo efficacy. The central aim of this project is to test if sucrose can be used for dry preservation of heart valves so that they can be safely used for transplantation. We already established methods to freeze-dry heart valves, but their storage stability needs to be demonstrated. In this project we plan to evaluate if vacuum-drying, which lacks a damaging freezing step, can be used as an alternative drying method. The second objective is to study the effects of (freeze-)drying on scaffold structure, and matrix biomolecules directly after drying as well during storage under normal (4°C or room temperate) and accelerated aging (37°C/high relative humidity) storage conditions. The general tissue architecture will be studied on hematoxylin-eosin stained tissue sections, whereas Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) will be used to obtain spectral fingerprints of tissues during storage. For the latter principal component analysis of the spectra will be used to evaluate tissue modifications during storage. Furthermore, accumulation of oxidative damage will be determined. We postulate that overall tissue structural appearance, and therewith functionality, are compromised by ice crystals, and that this can be minimized by reducing the tissue water content prior to freezing, or to avoid ice formation by using vacuum drying.
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Investigations of the effect of a combination of LAE and starter culture bacteria to reduce pathogenic microorganisms on fresh meat of different species.
Untersuchungen der Eignung einer Kombination von LAE und Starterkultur-Bakterien zur Reduktion von pathogenen Keimen von frischem Fleisch verschiedener Tierarten.
Project Investigators: Dr. Diana Seinige; PD Dr. Carsten Krischek; Prof. Dr. Madeleine Plötz
Duration: January 2020 until June 2022
Funding: Drittmittelprojekt, gefördert durch die Fritz-Ahrberg-Stiftung., 95.000 EUR
Project Details:
The preservation of food with chemical or physical methods should reduce the microbial contamination of food and should extend the shelf life of the products in order to minimise the health risk for the consumer. In a previous project at the Institute of Food Quality and Food Safety, the bacteria-reducing effects of Ethyl-Nα-lauryl-L-arginate hydrochloride (LAE) have already been successfully investigated. However, few studies are available that have examined the influence of LAE in combination with a biological preservation method (starter bacteria cultures) on the microbiological contamination with pathogenic and spoilage bacteria as well as on the chemical and sensory quality characteristics of the treated products. These investigations are useful to improve an individual effect by a combined treatment and to check whether these processes change qualitative properties of the food. For this reason, in the present study fresh meat from pigs, cattle and chickens, after inoculation with defined microorganisms, will be individually treated with LAE and starter culture mixtures either alone, or in combination, in order to show the effects of a combined treatment in comparison to the untreated control sample and to the individual treatment. Not only the short-term effects directly after treatment, but also the long-term effects during storage of the products until the usual best-before or use-by date will be investigated.
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Production of raw ham from pork and turkey meat with and without addition of curing salt.
Herstellung eines Rohschinkens aus Schweine- und Putenfleisch mit und ohne Zusatz von Nitrit.
Project Investigators: PD Dr. Carsten Krischek; Dr. Lisa Siekmann; Prof. Dr. Madeleine Plötz
Duration: January 2020 until June 2022
Funding: Gefördert durch die Fritz-Ahrberg-Stiftung., 35.000 EUR
Project Details:
Raw cured products are popular meat products that often get their color from the addition of nitrite during aging. Here, the nitrite reacts with the myoglobin within the muscles to form red nitrosomyoglobin. In addition, the nitrite is also used to suppress the growth of undesirable microorganisms, particularly Clostridium botulinum and Listeria monocytogenes. However, free nitrite may still be present in the meat product, which can react with amines to form nitroso compounds that are harmful to health.
However, Parma ham has been produced for a long time without the addition of nitrite or nitrate, using only salt. The red color of the ham is due to the formation of zinc protoporphyrin (ZnP), which is increasingly formed during the storage of the ham for up to 15 months. In this process, iron is replaced by zinc in myoglobin, regardless of the microbiological contamination of the meat. In the study, raw hams with and without the addition of nitrite are to be produced from turkey breast muscles and pork hams. At various times over a 15-month period, starting from the raw material, meat texture parameters will be examined and microbial status determined at regular intervals throughout the aging period. After maturing, the hams are sliced, subjected to a two-week storage test, analyzed microbiologically and physicochemically and evaluated with regard to its sensory characteristics. The aim of this research project is to verify the feasibility of the production and to determine the quality of an air-dried raw ham made from turkey or pork without nitrite curing salt in comparison to raw hams containing nitrite.
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Inactivation of zoonotic bacteria in milk at different subpasteurization (thermization) conditions
Inaktivierung mikrobieller Zoonoseerreger in thermisierter Milch
Project Investigators: Dr. André Becker; Dr. Sylvia Mitrenga; Johanna Vahle; Prof. Dr. Madeleine Plötz
Duration: May 2020 until Mid 2022
Project Details:
Different field strains of important, food-associated microorganisms (Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica ssp., Bacillus cereus, Campylobacter jejuni) are chosen. Subsequently, milk of different species (cattle and small ruminants) is inoculated with these germs and heat-treated under subpasteurization (thermization) conditions, which means low temperature treatments for short times. Aim of the study is to investigate the heat damage which is caused to the different microorganisms directly after heat treatment and after a storage period of three days. Additionally, possible matrix effects and strain variances are determined.
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