Research

Funding: MEKUN, 132.092 EUR

Project Details:
Grey seals are increasingly found on both the North Sea and Baltic Sea coasts of Schleswig-Holstein, indicating that the number of animals using these waters is continuing to rise.
The increasing populations also increase the urgency of examining these marine mammals for their health status, as it is suspected that they can play a role in the spread of infectious diseases of harbor seals such as distemper, particularly due to their extended migratory behavior. In addition, individual animals with severe disease processes are repeatedly recorded in the Baltic Sea. In both waters, it is particularly important to examine the animals for their health status as carriers of zoonotic diseases, especially as people have been infected with these pathogens through contact with carcasses in the past. Furthermore, potential anthropogenic influences on disease incidence must be investigated in order to protect the seal populations.
With increasing populations, attacks by gray seals on other grey seals, harbor seals and harbor porpoises are also on the rise. This can occur through predation, but also through sexual intercourse with harbor seals as well as juvenile grey seals of both sexes. Negative population effects are possible as well as effects on the health of the marine mammal-eating grey seals, as they hunt at a higher trophic level than their conspecifics, comparable to polar bears or orcas. Initial cases of influenza in both harbor seals and grey seals have shown that seals are susceptible to this virus and need to be studied closely both as a reservoir and as a "spillover" of this potential zoonosis. In addition, anthropogenic activities in the habitat of grey seals continue to increase, which can have various influences not only on the health status but also on the habitat use of the animals.
The aim of this research project is to investigate the health status and causes of death of grey seals that died in the waters of Schleswig-Holstein. The aim is to examine whether the parasitic, viral and microbial load of grey seals, in particular zoonotic pathogens, is changing. For this purpose, the grey seals, which will be recovered in the years 2023 to 2026 and brought to the ITAW for examination, will be completely dissected. Histological, parasitological, virological and microbiological examinations will be carried out. In addition, a comparison will be made with the results from previous years in order to assess the development of the health status.
The development of grey seal populations in the North Sea and Baltic Sea will also be researched and evaluated. As grey seals are highly mobile marine mammals, data will be exchanged with neighboring countries. The Trilateral Wadden Sea Secretariat (CWSS) and the Trilateral Marine Mammal Expert Group (EGMama), as well as HELCOM's Marine Mammal Health Group for the Baltic Sea region and OSPAR's Marine Mammal Working Group in the North Sea, play a special role here. The results of the investigations are urgently needed for the work on the Marine Protection Framework Directive and the aforementioned agreements.

Funding: Umweltbundesamt, 306.051 EUR

Project Details:
Plastic pollution is now known worldwide and is an omnipresent problem for every ecosystem. In 2021, the annual plastic production was 390.7 million tonnes. A distinction is made between macroplastics (> 5 mm), microplastics (MP; < 5 mm) and nanoplastics (in the nanometre range).
These plastic particles enter the marine environment via various routes, e.g. via wastewater, atmospheric transport, ocean currents, landfills and fishing activities. Once in the environment, macro litter is broken down into smaller particles because the polymer structure is weakened by photodegradation (UV), hydrolysis, mechanical abrasion, biodegradation (microorganisms) or biofouling (colonisation of plastics by microbes).
The polar regions were long considered to be largely unaffected by humans. Even though it is not a heavily populated region, MP has been detected in this ecosystem in a variety of compartments such as the water column, snow, sea ice and deep-sea sediments. The increase in temperature as a result of climate change and the associated melting of ice is causing various problems - in addition to the rise in sea level, the increasing decrease in sea ice is leading to the release of microplastics that were previously bound by the ice deposits. This is now "available" and enters the sensitive ecosystem - the consequences cannot yet be estimated. The presence of microplastics in the Arctic means that species in the polar region are now increasingly confronted with an anthropogenic problem - the presence of marine litter or microplastics and its consequences. This also includes Arctic peoples, whose diet also includes the meat and fatty tissue of marine mammals.
The aim of the project is to obtain valid data on microplastics and associated pollutants in marine mammals from Arctic waters and thus improve the state of knowledge in this sensitive habitat. The acquired knowledge is the basis for future trend analyses that are necessary to enable effective MP monitoring in Arctic waters. The following species characteristic of the Arctic will be studied: harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena), ringed seal (Pusa hispida), grey seal (Halichoerus grypus), harbour seal (Phoca vitulina), hooded seal (Cystophora cristata), bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus) and polar bear (Ursus maritimus). Another important aspect is the establishment of a method for visualising MPs in tissue. For this purpose, pieces of tissue from the gastrointestinal tract are prepared and examined both histologically and using a confocal microscope. Various staining techniques are then used to identify potential microplastics in the tissue. This is an important step towards better understanding the transport routes of microplastics and verifying entry paths.
The samples come from various co-operation partners such as the University of Iceland and the Norwegian Polar Institute. The pollutant analysis is being carried out by the University of Siena.

Funding: Bundesministerium für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft (BMEL), 164.593 EUR

Project Details:
The aim of "InUtero" is to develop a lifelike simulator for midwifery in small ruminants and to implement this model in teaching and training. The Clinical Skills Lab, together with the Clinic for Small Ruminants, is responsible for the development and validation of the simulator as well as the preparation of detailed instructions. The animal husbandry school at the Triesdorf Agricultural Training Institute and the Echem Agricultural Training Center will use and evaluate this simulator as part of the obstetric teaching of their trainees as well as in the context of seminars and workshops in adult education. The close cooperation between the project partners enables the simulator to be constantly adapted and modified so that at the end of the project phase there is a lifelike simulator for midwifery in small ruminants that is optimized to meet the demands and needs of both teachers and learners.

Cooperation Partners:

Landwirtschaftliches Bildungszentrum Echem

Landwirtschaftliche Lehranstalt Triesdorf

Funding: Nds. Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Kultur, 218.996 EUR

Project Details:
Ziel des Projektes "Future-VET B2" ist, neben der praxisnahen Ausbildung der Studierenden der Tiermedizin, Dienstleistung und Forschung der Transfer der Forschungsergebnisse in die Fachwelt und Öffentlichkeit. Die Maßnahme "Future-VET 2B" hat dabei das übergeordnete Ziel die Lebensmittelproduktion im Hinblick auf die Umweltauswirkungen und die Ernährungssicherheit für die wachsende Weltbevölkerung zu optimieren. Insekten können hierbei sowohl im Sinne der Kreislaufwirtschaft zusätzliche, wertvolle Futtermittel und Lebensmittel darstellen. Zudem bieten sie die Möglichkeit bei Vorliegen bestimmter funktioneller Eigenschaften als Futtermittel sowohl die Gesundheit von Tieren im Sinne der Verwendung von Futtermitteln für besondere Ernährungszwecke (VO (EU)2020/354) zu fördern, als auch nach entsprechender Modifikation eine Prüfung als Futtermittelzusatzstoff mit einer funktionellen Wirkung im Sinne der VO (EG) Nr. 1831/2003 nach Vorgabe der VO (EG) Nr. 429/2008 zu durchlaufen. Im Rahmen dieses Teilprojektes soll die bestehende Insektenzucht an der TiHo erweitert werden, um alternative Proteinquellen für Tier und Mensch zu erschließen, die
(1)Zusätzlich eine Sonderfunktion im Hinblick auf bestimmte gesundheitsbezogene Ernährungszwecke für das Tier (ParNuts in Analogie zu VO (EU) 354/2020) haben,
(2)Zusatzstofffunktion gemäß VO (EG) Nr. 1831/2003 erfüllen sollen und natürlichen Ursprungs sind und
(3)Am Ende des Weges sollen die bevorzugten Insektenarten als Novel Food (VO (EU) 2015/2283) auch Funktionen erfüllen können, die der nationalen Ernährungsstrategie der Bundesregierung und der Nationalen Reduktions- und Innovationsstrategie für Zucker, Fette und Salz in Fertigprodukten entsprechen.
Hierfür werden stufenweise, systematisch entsprechende Vorarbeiten durchgeführt, die die Möglichkeit einer Nutzung bzw. Bausteine einer Marktzulassung als alternative Proteinquelle für Tiere, Futtermittel mit bestimmten gesundheitsbezogenen Ernährungszwecken (ParNuts), Futtermittelzusatzstoff oder Novel Food ermöglichen bzw. werden sollen.

Funding: Bundesministerium für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft (BMEL), 365.439 EUR

Project Details:
Ziel des Projektes "CalPhy" ist es, das Auftreten von behandlungsbedürftigen Erkrankungen in der Kälberhaltung zu reduzieren und damit erhöhten Verlusten entgegen zu wirken. Durch den Einsatz von hochwertigen Ergänzungen soll insgesamt die Versorgung der Kälber verbessert und damit die Tiergesundheit, das Tierwohl und die Leistung gefördert werden. Gezielt soll für die besonders empfindlichen Tiere innerhalb der Tiergruppen ein teil-individualisiertes Fütterungskonzept für die Praxis entwickelt werden. Leichte und in Teilen auch in gut geführten Beständen durch unvermeidbare Situationen (mechanische Geburtsprobleme etc.) geschwächte Neugeborene, sind besonders betroffen von einer ungenügenden Kolostrumversorgung. Diese Kälber benötigen zusätzlichen Schutz, damit die Gefahr eines überdurchschnittlichen Abfalls des kolostralen Immunschutzes nicht die Infektionsanfälligkeit erhöht. Um das Risiko von Erkrankungen auf das unvermeidbare Minimum zu reduzieren, sind auf Basis einer sensiblen Erfassung von ersten Krankheitsanzeichen bzw. prädisponierenden Situationen weitere Maßnahmen sinnvoll. Futtermittelzusatzstoffe können zur Stärkung von Kälbern und damit Förderung ihrer Gesundheit eingesetzt werden. Insbesondere phytogene Zusatzstoffe haben in gut geführten Betrieben das Potential, die Notwendigkeit für antibiotische Behandlungen weiter zu reduzieren. Durch die Reduzierung der Häufigkeit von Erkrankungen in der Kälberaufzucht sowie damit verbunden eine Steigerung der Tiergesundheit und des Tierwohls, kann das Projekt einen substantiellen Beitrag zur Förderung der nachhaltigen Leistungsfähigkeit der Agrarwirtschaft bei bestmöglicher Förderung des Tierschutzes in der Landwirtschaft leisten.

Cooperation Partners:

Phytobiotics Futterzusatzstoffe GmbH

Funding: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) , 404.650 EUR

Project Details:
The genus Pestivirus belongs to the virus family Flaviviridae and comprises RNA viruses of great relevance, like Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and Classical swine fever virus (CSFV), which are causative pathogens of notifiable diseases. Since decades, it was commonly accepted that pestivirus infections are restricted to cloven hooved (ungulate) hosts. In the past years, several atypical pestiviruses have been discovered in non-ungulate hosts. These newly discovered pestiviruses show the typical genome organization, but are genetically highly distinct. Obviously, these novel viruses represent a new group within the pestiviruses with so far uncharacterized biological properties. In addition, such a novel pestivirus was also discovered in pigs and designated "atypical porcine pestivirus" (APPV). APPV causes a neurological disease in newborn piglets (congenital tremor) and involvement in other diseases (e.g. infertility, abortion, neonatal malformations) appears likely.
Within this research project, it was possible to adapt APPV to cell culture conditions and to propagate it. The availability of a virus isolate provided the basis for further studies to characterize the biological properties of the pathogen. Our work demonstrated that there are obviously significant differences in the cell entry of APPV and CSFV. It has been believed for long time that the complement-regulating protein CD46 is the key for pestiviruses to penetrate the host cell, but our work showed that some pestiviruses - including CSFV - use a CD46-independent mechanism for cell entry. Which cellular surface structures are used instead for cell entry is still unclear and will be the subject of further research.
The aim of the study is to provide insights into the complex, probably multi-step process of cell entry. Within this project is the aim to identify the molecular determinants of cell entry of pestiviruses and to characterize them in more detail. Several host cell factors have already been identified which apparently interact with the viral envelope proteins during early phases of viral replication and can influence virus replication. First, it has to be elucidated whether these factors directly interact with the virus particles or whether these are indirect effects, e.g. caused by binding to other cellular proteins or by an altered cell metabolism. Knowledge of the key factors for the entry of porcine pestiviruses into the host cell can make a valuable contribution to understanding the biology of the new and widespread pathogen in the pig population, APPV, as well as the properties of the long-known animal disease pathogen CSFV.

Results:

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/22221751.2024.2327385

Project Details:
At Hofgut Neumühle, data on the health and performance of dairy cows is continuously collected and stored in various electronic data management systems. Scientific questions repeatedly arise that should be clarified with the help of an analysis of the available data (so-called secondary data analysis). Before this data analysis is possible, an overview of the available data sources, the primary collection objectives, the data contained and the metadata describing the existing data should be drawn up.
To this end, the origin of the data is first traced on site and the (original/primary) purpose for which it was collected is understood and documented. Extracts from the data sources are created to serve the creation of the above-mentioned over-view. These excerpts will be further analyzed using application examples. As an important aspect of the work, the implications for subsequent secondary data analyses will be presented and discussed (Translated with DeepL.com (free version)).

Cooperation Partners:

Hofgut Neumühle (Theresa Scheu)

Funding: Gefördert durch die Bundesanstalt für Landwirtschaft und Ernährung Bonn/BMEL, 369.000 EUR

Project Details:
Der innovative Ansatz dieses Projektes zielt darauf ab, aus der Produktionskette isolierte Phagen als nachhaltige prophylaktische Maßnahme in der Geflügelproduktion zu etablieren.
Es sollen im Rahmen eines Zweistufenkonzepts maßgeschneiderte Phagenprodukte entwickelt werden.

Cooperation Partners:

Tierärztliche Gemeinschaftspraxis WEK, Miavit GmbH

Funding: cofinanziert durch die Europäische Kommission, 107.187 EUR

Project Details:
This project aims to address a critical gap in neurotoxicity assessment by developing a novel in vitro methodology specifically targeting myelin toxicity?a decisive factor influencing peripheral sensory and motor functions. Building upon established modes-of-action (MoA) in adult neurotoxicity, the study utilizes human induced pluripotent stem cells to differentiate into mature motor and sensory neurons, along with Schwann cells. Distinguishing itself from existing in vitro methods, the project focuses on myelin toxicity, an unexplored MoA not yet incorporated into existing approaches, thereby influencing neurotoxicity assessment.
Acknowledging the regulatory imperative for swifter and more human-relevant neurotoxicity evaluations, the project aims to deliver an effective myelin toxicity assessment method. The methodology involves co-cultivating sensory or motor neurons with Schwann cells in both 3D spheres and 2D configurations. The plan encompasses characterizing cell types and scrutinizing myelin formation through immunocytochemical stainings and RT-qPCR after 4-8 weeks in culture. A pivotal aspect of the study is the exploration of optimal conditions for high-throughput testing.
Milestones include achieving the expression of neuron and Schwann cell markers, determining the optimal 2D or 3D setup for automated high-throughput myelin quantification, and scientifically validating the test method. The ultimate objective is to furnish a robust tool for assessing myelin toxicity, utilizing a compound training set.
In conclusion, this project pioneers an approach to address the gap in myelin toxicity testing within in vitro neurotoxicity assessment. By leveraging human induced pluripotent stem cells and advanced co-culture techniques, the study aims to make a substantial contribution to the development of a more comprehensive and effective neurotoxicity evaluation testing battery for regulatory use.

Results:

https://www.eu-parc.eu/

Funding: Drittmittelprojekt, gefördert durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)., 269.600 EUR

Project Details:
Bacillus cereus is a common soil bacterium responsible for two types of foodborne gastrointestinal diseases. The emetic variant leads to food poisoning and manifests in nausea and vomiting, while infections with enteropathogenic strains cause diarrhoea and abdominal pain. These symptoms are caused by various toxins, including the cyclic dodecadepsipeptide cereulide and the protein-based enterotoxins haemolysin BL (Hbl), non-haemolytic enterotoxin (Nhe) and cytotoxin K (CytK).
The principle of action of the pore-forming three-component toxin Hbl was investigated in detail in a previous project. The complex formation of the three protein components in solution, the binding order to the target cells, the optimum concentration ratio for fastest pore formation and maximum cytotoxicity, as well as the effect of a fourth protein component were determined. While the preliminary work focused on the toxin itself, this project investigates the effects of pore formation on the host.
This project provides answers to the cellular response of the primary target of B. cereus enterotoxins, namely human cells of the gastrointestinal tract. Firstly, relevant toxin concentrations and exposure times for the survival of intestinal cells or the onset of apoptosis will be determined. In addition, the onset of possible repair mechanisms within the target cells is investigated. These initial data already provide a model for the onset of diarrhoea caused by enteropathogenic B. cereus. Following these studies, the interaction of B. cereus and its enterotoxins with more complex structures, namely human intestinal organoids, is investigated. The use of organoid culture systems enables more elaborate studies on host-microorganism interactions. Various aspects are investigated, including gene expression, ion transport and the activation of signalling pathways within the target cells and structures.
Important new insights into the physiological processes that lead to enterotoxin-induced diarrhoea are expected.