Research

Funding: Niedersächsischer Landesbetrieb für Wasserwirtschaft, Küsten- und Naturschutz, 10.000 EUR

Project Details:
Many of the pollutants present in water have the potential to accumulate in aquatic organisms (bioaccumulation). So-called biota investigations have therefore become an integral part of the European Water Framework Directive (EC-WFD) and have established themselves as an important instrument in water monitoring. Against this background, the NLWKN has been carrying out extensive investigations in biota for more than 10 years, among other things within the framework of a special measuring program unique in Germany, in order to detect potential water pollution by bioaccumulating substances at an early stage. Currently, more than 1000 individual substances, including, among others, pesticides, PFAS, plasticizers, flame retardants, PAHs, organotins, dioxins and elements.
It is also known that many pollutants (e.g. PFAS) accumulate in organisms primarily through the ingestion of contaminated food (biomagnification) and that the highest measured values can accordingly be expected at the end of the food chain or at the top of the food pyramid. This is also reflected, for example, by the existing biota environmental quality standards for mercury, dicofol, hexachlorobutadiene and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD), as these were derived for the protected good "secondary poisoning of top predators (wildlife)".
The aim of the project applied for here is the one-time extension of the biota monitoring to organisms with an aquatic connection and as high a trophic level as possible (ideally piscivores, such as otter, comoran, osprey, pike/pike-perch, seal, harbor porpoise).
Due to the migration behavior of some of the mentioned species, it will be possible to obtain an overview of the general pressure situation across all water bodies.
situation. For comparison, a herbivore species (probably nutria) will be investigated. The previous or identical, far beyond the legal requirements of the WFD, data will be used.
The analysis methods for fish, which go far beyond the legal requirements of the WFD, will be used in order to enable a direct comparison of the load levels. The selection of target organisms and tissue types (e.g. muscle, liver or blood) will depend on sample availability.

Results:

Bericht: Schadstoffscreening in ausgewählten Gewebeproben aquatischer Spitzenprädatoren aus Niedersachsen Belastung und Vergleich der Ergebnisse mit bisherigen Biota-Untersuchungen in Fischen

https://www.nlwkn.niedersachsen.de/download/217222/NLWKN_2025_Bericht_Schadstoffscreening_in_ausgewaehlten_Gewebeproben_aquatischer_Spitzenpraedatoren_aus_Niedersachsen.pdf.pdf

Cooperation Partners:

GALAB Laboratories GmbH

Otter-Zentrum Hankensbüttel

Funding: Universität Aarhus, 6.119 EUR

Project Details:
On behalf of the University of Aarhus (Denmark), data from observer-based aerial survey flights to determine the abundance and distribution of small cetaceans in the southern Danish North Sea will be analyzed. The main target species is the harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena). The aerial surveys are conducted following line-transect survey methodology and data will be collected according to the so-called SCANS protocol. The data are expected to come from at least three surveys in May, June and October 2023. ITAW has been commissioned to perform quality assurance and analysis of the collected data. Densities and abundances of harbour porpoises will be estimated for each survey and the inaccuracies (95% confidence intervals and coefficient of variation (CV)) associated with the estimation will be determined. The processed data and results will be submitted to the client.

Results:

engl.: For the surveys of the study area in the southern North Sea, densities and abundances of harbour porpoises were estimated and the inaccuracies (95% confidence intervals and coefficient of variation (CV)) associated with the estimation were determined. The processed data and results were submitted to the client.

Funding: BMBF, 122.004 EUR

Project Details:
Every year, about 750,000 people die from mosquito-borne diseases, including malaria, dengue fever, rift valley fever and chikungunya fever. The incidence of these diseases is expected to increase significantly over the next few decades, as the ranges of several mosquito species are expanding due to climate
change. Mosquitoes not only transmit diseases, but can also influence the severity of the diseases they transmit. It has been shown in experimental infections of animals, the transmission of arboviruses by mosquito bites compared to artificial infection can lead to an increase in the severity of the disease. In
addition, it is known that the saliva of insects and ticks can promote the progression of vector-borne diseases. The skin is the first organ to be exposed to an arbovirus infection, thus the initial infection events also significantly determine the course of the disease. It is therefore essential for many to investigate a natural infection of the skin via a mosquito bite. So far, this could only be achieved by in-vivo experiments (animal experiments). In this project, an alternative is to be developed by replacing animal models with human skin explants for ethical and physiological reasons. The challenge of this study will be to establish an assay in which mosquitoes can use the skin implants as potential hosts. The goal is a successful biting of the skin explants by mosquitoes. Exemplarily, in a second step the skin explants should be infected via bite of Rift Valley Fever Virus (RVFV) and/or Chikungunya Virus (CHIKV)-infected mosquitoes. If
successful, the project results will allow to choose from different models for future research questions.

Funding: KWS Lochow GmbH, 61.988 EUR

Project Details:
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Funding: Niedersächsisches Ministerium für wissenschaft und Kultur, 50.000 EUR

Project Details:
Studierenden der Tiermedizin soll eine Kategorisierungsstrategie für die Haltungsumgebung und Erkrankungen von Schweinen bereits in den ersten beiden Fachsemestern vermittelt werden, um in den späteren Semestern erworbenes Wissen zur Nutztiermedizin besser einordnen und damit besser lernen zu können. Damit wird auf fehlendes landwirtschaftliches Vorwissen der Studierenden und auf den Mangel an Nachwuchs für die Nutztiermedizin reagiert. Die Lehreinheit fokussiert sich auf die technischen Bedingungen in der Stallumgebung (z.B. Fütterungstechnik, Bodenbeschaffenheit), welche die Tiergesundheit maßgeblich beeinflussen. Diese bleiben den Studierenden bisher besonders fremd, sofern sie nicht auf einem landwirtschaftlichen Betrieb aufgewachsen sind. Es sollen dafür vier unterschiedliche Haltungssysteme für Schweine als 360°-Rundgänge gefilmt, für die interaktive Tourengestaltung vorbereitet und mit Informationsmaterial hinterlegt werden. Dazu wird jeweils ein klinischer Fall so aufgearbeitet, dass nur ein offener Blick sowie technischer und biologischer Grundverstand, der ab Studienbeginn vorausgesetzt werden kann, nötig sind, um die Arbeitsaufgabe im Sinne einer Schnitzeljagd zu lösen, bzw. das Grundproblem zu identifizieren. Alle Informationen, die darüberhinausgehend benötigt werden, um den Fall zu lösen, werden an Infopunkten zur Verfügung gestellt. Die Lernkontrolle erfolgt anhand eines weiteren Falls in einer der virtuellen Stallumgebungen ohne Infopunkte und wird asynchron durch den Lehrenden bewertet.

Funding: Nationalparkverwaltung "Niedersächsisches Wattenmeer", Virchowstr. 1, 26383 Wilhelmshaven, 38.243 EUR

Project Details:
The aim of the project is a survey of the local grey seal population in the entire Lower Saxony and Hamburg Wadden Sea during the birthing season (November-December) 2023 and at the time of the fur change (March-April) 2024.
On five trilaterally coordinated dates (three during the birthing season; two during the fur-change period), airborne surveys will be conducted with a single-engine aircraft. During the aerial surveys of the tidal flats, a high-resolution SLR camera will be used to photograph the haul-outs. In order to determine the number of young born as well as the total population, the photos taken are subsequently analyzed on the computer.

Results:

Schop, J., Brasseur, S. M. J. M., Galatius, A., Hamm, T., Jeß, A., Meise, K., Meyer, J., Stejskal, O., Siebert, U., Teilmann, J., & Thøstesen, C. B. (2024). Grey Seal Numbers in the Wadden Sea and on Helgoland in 2023-2024. Common Wadden Sea Secretariat, Expert Group Marine Mammals.

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15728068

Project Details:
Die Durchführung diagnostischer Leitungsanästhesien gehört zu den erforderlichen tierärztlichen Ersttagskompetenzen. Üblicherweise erfolgt der praktische Unterricht bislang im Rahmen der klinischen Schwerpunktausbildung an Kadavergliedmaßen und erreicht somit nicht alle Studierenden. Die Zielsetzung dieser Arbeit besteht zum einen in der Entwicklung zweier Simulatoren mit integrierter Erfolgskontrolle, die dem praktischen Üben von diagnostischen Leitungsanästhesien am Pferdefuß dienen. Zum anderen ist das Ziel der Arbeit die Evaluation dieser Simulato-ren hinsichtlich ihrer Eignung als Lehrmittel, verglichen mit dem derzeit üblicherweise genutzten Kadaverfüßen eines Pferdes. Des Weiteren soll ermittelt werden, wie sich die Nutzung der unterschiedlichen Übungsobjekte auf die Selbstwirksamkeit der Studierenden auswirkt.

Results:

Chodzinski, A., Wissing, S., Tipold, A., Geburek, F.

Evaluation of equine perineural anesthesia simulators with integrated success control for veterinary education.

Front. Vet. Sci. - Veterinary Humanities and Social Sciences.Vol. 11 -2024 Online publiziert am 9.1.2025, doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2024.1403794

https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science/articles/10.3389/fvets.2024.1403794/full

Project Details:
Introduction: Taking full thickness small intestinal biopsies may be indicated during colic surgery. However, descriptions of the available techniques are minimal. Therefore, the objective of the study was to compare different biopsy techniques in the equine small intestine. Methods: In this randomized ex vivo study, four different biopsy techniques were evaluated in the aboral jejunum and the ileum of nine horses within one hour after euthanasia. One segment was used as control segment (A), and the applied techniques included an 8 mm biopsy-punch (B), a transverse wedge resection (C), a longitudinal wedge resection with transverse closure (D) and a longitudinal sample using a uterus biopsy forceps (E). All defects were closed using a single-layer continuous Lembert pattern. Duration of the procedure, outer intestinal diameter, degree of contamination and bursting pressure were determined. A semiquantitative score was used to evaluate the quality of the obtained sample for histopathological assessment.

Results:

Verhaar, N., Hammer, E., Hewicker-Trautwein, M., Geburek, F. Ex vivo comparison of full-thickness biopsy techniques in the equine small intestine. Vet Surg. Erstmals online publiziert am 15. Okt. 2024. DOI: 10.1111/vsu.14178

 

Hammer, E., Geburek, F., Reineking, W., Hewicker-Trautwein, M., Verhaar, N. Ex vivo comparison of four different full thickness biopsy techniques in the equine small intestine. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Equine Colic Research Symposium, 10-12 July 2024, Surgeons Quarter, Edinburgh, UK, Equine. Vet. Educ., Supplement 13, July 2024, p. 75

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/vsu.14178

Funding: Europa-Programm des Niedersächsischen Ministeriums für Wissenschaft und Kultur aus Mitteln von SPRUNG, 79.770 EUR

Project Details:
The focus is on studying the evolution of viruses in the two hosts arthropods (mosquitoes, ticks) and mammals and the implications for host receptor usage.

Cooperation Partners:

Prof. Dr. Félix Rey, Institut Pasteur, Paris, Frankreich

Funding: BMBF, 198.361 EUR

Project Details:
Noroviruses are the most prevalent viral cause of acute gastroenteritis. At least 40 noroviruses have been
described, with new variants regularly emerging. Norovirus evolution, emergence, and circulation are not
entirely understood, especially the role of a potential animal reservoir is insufficiently investigated. Several
lines of evidence suggest norovirus transmission between humans and animals. However, there is no in
vitro system to investigate interspecies transmission to date. Here we set out to establish an ex vivo system
based on intestinal biopsies of various animal species to investigate interspecies norovirus transmission
experimentally. We will use biopsies of dogs, pigs, and chickens as they are highly abundant and kept in
close contact with humans. The risk for transmission is therefore increased. Precision-cut intestinal slices
will be set up and used to investigate norovirus binding, entry/internalization, and replication in the
respective host tissues. Furthermore, the role of the known susceptibility factors, the histo blood group
antigens, will be investigated. Once established, this explant system will allow the investigation of norovirus
receptors, attachment factors and other host determinants in humans and non-human animal species. The
system will also be valuable for investigating other enteric viruses with zoonotic potential, including
coronaviruses, influenza viruses, and dog and pig-specific noroviruses.