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2231 results.
Establishment of selective bacterial detection of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae from porcine tonsils
Etablierung eines selektiven bakteriellen Nachweises von Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae aus Tonsillen von Schweinen
Project Investigators: Isabel Hennig-Pauka; Nicole de Buhr
Duration: May 2020 until December 2022
Project Details:
The persistence of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (App) on the tonsils facilitates the spread of the pathogen in pig populations. Microbiological-cultural detection of the pathogen from tonsils has proven to be difficult because the diverse commensal colonization by other bacteria (e.g., Streptococcus suis) often overgrows App during culturing. The use of selective media leads to higher sensitivity of bacteriological diagnostics, but nevertheless, the success rate compared to molecular biological tests (PCR) is not satisfactory.
In most cases, acute outbreaks of porcine pleuropneumonia occur in persistently infected pigs under the influence of trigger factors. In vitro, the influence of stress hormones, such as cortisol and catecholamines on the growth behavior of the pathogen will be investigated. Possibly, catecholamines and cortisol can be used under in vitro conditions to improve the growth behavior of A. pleuropneumoniae.
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Immunomodulating feed components to prevent tail biting
Gabe immunmodulierender Substanzen im Futter zur Schwanzbeißprävention
Project Investigators: Isabel Hennig-Pauka
Duration: January 2020 until December 2022
Project Details:
The preventive effect of a prebiotic feed on the occurrence of tail biting in pigs is investigated. Situations in which tail biting occurs are characterized in terms of clinical signs, colostrum supply in the preceding phase of life, and concentration of inflammatory and stress parameters in blood and saliva in the rearing phase. The aim of the study is to clarify whether improved intestinal health through feeding prebiotics has a preventive effect against tail biting and whether the sum of all negative influencing factors including stress experienced since birth, which may be reflected in laboratory diagnostic parameters (acute phase proteins, stress markers), lead to the occurrence of tail biting after a so far undefined threshold has been exceeded.
Cooperation Partners:

Jakob Aundrup, Schweinegesundheitsdienst der Landwirtschaftskammer Niedersachsen

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Animal welfare in pigs - how do farmers evaluate recent requirements in specific blogs and internet platforms
Tierwohl und Tierschutz beim Schwein - wie bewerten Landwirte in fachspezifischen Foren und Blogs die aktuelle Anforderungen
Project Investigators: Elisabeth große Beilage; Amely Campe
Duration: June 2020 until December 2022
Project Details:
Holding and managing pigs currently faces diverse adjustments regarding animal welfare, castration, tail docking and housing in crate stands. Farmers discuss this in different blogs and expert forms in the internet. In this study expert opinion in the internet are assessed to evaluate the experts? knowledge regarding the themes named aboved. Citations shall be compared with current evidence base scientific knowledge. Differences shall be described and discussed in order to developed tight-fit training and education.
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Test and implementation of specific management measures to create a seal exclusion zone in the swimming area on Helgoland
Erprobung und Implementierung von Managementmaßnahmen zur bedarfsgerechten Schaffung einer Robben-Exklusionszone im Schwimmbereich der Helgoländer Düne
Project Investigators: Prof. Prof. h. c. Dr. Ursula Siebert; Dr. Abbo van Neer
Duration: May 2020 until July 2022
Funding: Ministerium für Energiewende, Landwirtschaft, Umwelt, Natur und Digitalisierung, 225.774 EUR
Project Details:
The population of the native grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) developed well after their protection and subsequent recolonisation of the Wadden Sea. The positive trend of the population poses a challenge from the management perspective. There is an increasing requirement of suitable habitat, which is commonly associated with enhanced conflict potential. A special kind of conflict exists on the Heligoland Dune, where the largest grey seal colony occurs in German waters. Individual animals habituated to human presence due to spatial density and the continuous close contact between humans and animals and therefore do not display the expected escape reflex anymore. This involves an increased risk potential for swimmers, especially in the water. This study aims to test specific management measures in order to create a swimming area safe for people and to implement them officially if successful. On that account, an acoustic method shall be tested, which has not been used for that purpose yet and is based on the so called startle reflex. In contrast to conventional acoustic devices scaring off seals unspecifically, a very specific signal will be used, which has got no extensive negative effects on target and also non-target species in theory. The study investigates if the application of this system has got the desired efficiency and causes no evident negative effects in this special context.
Results:

Within the framework of the project work already carried out, it has not yet been possible to achieve the targeted goals, as unexpected problems have arisen during data collection in the field. Considering the importance of this system for the community of Helgoland, as well as for the acceptance of grey seals by the inhabitants and guests of Helgoland, it would be important to complete this started experiment. Through a desired project extension, an objectively evaluable data basis should be created, wherewith the acoustic deterrence system can be evaluated.

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Open Educational Resources (OER)- Portal Lower Saxony: Alternatives to animal testing
Digitalisierungsmaßnahmen im Geschäftsbereich des MWK Open Educational Resources (OER)-Portal Niedersachsen. Hier: Open Educational Resources (OER)-Portal Niedersachsen-Alternativen zum Tierversuch
Project Investigators: Hiebl, Bernhard
Duration: Novemer 2020 until May 2022
Funding: MWK über Technischen Informationsbibliothek (TIB), 89.827 EUR
Project Details:
Initiierung einre OER-Sammlung zum Thema "Tierschutz und Ethik"
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The range of responsibilities of consultants will be defined, recommendations shall be given how responsible consultation can be put into practice. Concepts and material for further training courses will be developed, which on one hand clarify the responsibility of consultants and on the other hand also convey the aspects of animal ethics in counselling.
Landwirtschaftsberaterinnen und Landwirtschaftsberater als Schlüsselakteure für Tierschutz und Tierwohl; Forschungsvorhaben zur Bestimmung des Verantwortungsraumes und Entwicklung eines Fortbildungsangebotes
Project Investigators: Kunzmann, Peter; Bollmeier, Tobias
Duration: June 2020 until May 2022
Funding: Niedersächsisches Ministerium für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Verbraucherschutz, 166.732 EUR
Project Details:
Der Verantwortungsraum von Berater/Innen wird bestimmt und Empfehlungen an die Hand gegeben, wie eine verantwortungsbewusste Beratung konkret umgesetzt werden kann. Es werden Konzept und Material für Fortbildungsangebote entwickelt, die zum einen Verantwortung von Berater/innen verdeutlichen und zum anderen auch die tierethischen Aspekte in der Beratung vermitteln.
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The range of responsibilities of consultants will be defined, recommendations shall be give how responsible consultation can be put into practice. Concepts and material for further training courses will be developed, which on one hand clarify the responsibility of consultants and on the other hand also convey the aspects of animal ethics in counselling.
Landwirtschaftsberaterinnen und Landwirtschaftsberater als Schlüsselakteure für Tierschutz und Tierwohl; Forschungsvorhaben zur Bestimmung des Verantwortungsraumes und Entwicklung eines Fortbildungsangebotes
Project Investigators: Kunzmann, Peter; Bollmeier, Tobias
Duration: June 2020 until September 2022
Funding: Niedersächsisches Ministerium für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Verbraucherschutz, 166.732 EUR
Project Details:
The area of responsibility of advisors is determined and recommendations are given on how responsible advice can be implemented in practice. A concept and material for further training courses will be developed which, on the one hand, clarify the responsibility of advisors and, on the other hand, also convey the animal ethical aspects of advice.
Results:

The provision of advice to farms plays an important role in establishing animal welfare measures in livestock farming. One of the aims of the project was to identify the interrelationships of responsibility in advisory services. To this end, the areas of responsibility were first determined, e.g. in the design of the advisory process or in the decision and implementation of the advisory content.

As values can influence the guidance process, it is always important for guidance practitioners to be clear about their values, whereby it is also important to differentiate between their own values and those of the employer. Critical reflection is an important tool for this. Significant values were identified during the project.

A framework was also created with regard to animal welfare/animal protection, which shows the responsibility of advisors. In the course of this, it was possible to outline the approaches that animal welfare advice must pursue in order to meet the requirements for good advice and to be able to provide sustainable approaches for greater animal welfare.

When discussing animal welfare/animal protection, there are always conflicts of objectives.

It is very important for the success of an advisory service that these conflicting goals are identified.A decision-making cascade developed in the project is intended to provide a remedy here, which is intended to encourage reflection throughout the advisory activity.

The project developed a training program that has already been successfully tested in practice. It dealt with the thematic blocks entitled "Consultancy in the knowledge system of agriculture", "Fundamentals of animal ethics", "Responsibility and scope for responsibility in consultancy", "Values and requirements for ethically "good" consultancy", "Animal welfare and animal protection in consultancy" and "Conflicting objectives and the decision-making cascade".

The extremely large number of advisors from both official and private advisory services who attended the event showed the great interest in this topic in the run-up to the event and thus also the need to address it among advisors.

The project has thus succeeded in defining the area of responsibility of counselors and providing them with recommendations on how responsible counseling can be implemented. The training program clarifies the responsibility of advisors and highlights the importance of advice for animal welfare and animal protection.

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Identification of natural tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) foci in Lower Saxony, Germany
Frühsommer-Meningoenzephalitis (FSME)-Naturherdsuche in Niedersachsen
Project Investigators: Prof. Dr. C. Strube, PhD; Dr. A. Springer
Duration: Mid 2020 until Beginning 2022
Funding: Pfizer, 54.000 EUR
Project Details:
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is considered as one of the most important viral tick-borne diseases affecting humans. The disease may cause death or permanent disability due to severe neurological damage. TBE thus represents a considerable public health burden. In recent years, a considerable geographic expansion of TBE has been noted in Germany with the consequence the National Institute of Public Health (Robert-Koch-Institut) declared district in the Northern Germ federal state Lower Saxony as official risk area in the beginning of 2019. However, the usually very small areas of TBE virus circulation (so called natural foci) are still mostly unknown in Northern Germany. This study aims to identify the locations of TBE transmission foci (i.e. the presence of TBE-positive ticks) in Lower Saxony, Northern Germany, by following up on the movement patterns and possible sources of tick exposure of TBE patients. Detection of TBE virus occurrence in Northern Germany will help to prevent clinical cases of disease as it can be expected that public awareness about TBE foci will lead to avoidance of known hot spot areas and increase the people´s willingness to vaccinate.
Results:

Topp, A.-K., Springer, A., Dobler, G., Bestehorn-Willmann, M., Monazahian, M., Strube, C. (2022) New and confirmed foci of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TEBV) in Northern Germany determined by TEBV detection in ticks. Pathogens 11, 126

https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/2/126

Cooperation Partners:

Dr. M. Monazahian, Niedersächsisches Landesgesundheitsamt, Hannover

Prof. Dr. Gerhard Dobler, Nationales Konsiliarlabor für FSME, München

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TBENAGER II - Tick-Borne EncephAlitis in Germany
TBENAGER II - Frühsommer-Meningoenzephalitis (FSME) in Deutschland
Project Investigators: Stefanie Becker
Duration: October 2020 until September 2022
Funding: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, 124.297 EUR
Project Details:
Das Gesamtziel des Vorhabens wird in der ebenfalls vorliegenden Verbundvorhabenbeschreibung von TBENAGER ausführlich dargestellt. In diesem Teilprojekt (TP6) soll das Infektionsmodell mit Zecken aus FSME Naturherden und Kontrollgebieten und verschiedenen FSME Virusisolaten etabliert werden. Das FSME Virus zirkuliert in der Natur in einem enzootische Übertragungszyklus zwischen Ixodes ricinus Zecken und verschiedenen Wirtstieren. Ixodes ricinus Zecken wie auch verschiedenen Wirtstieren sind Zentral-und Mitteleuropa nahezu flächendeckend verbreitet. Im Gegensatz dazu weißt die Verbreitung des FSME Virus gerade in Deutschland eine extrem fokale Herde auf. Zumeist wir das Virus in sehr begrenzenden Gebieten nachgewiesen wohingegen in umliegende Bereiche zwar Zecken jedoch kein FSME Virus gefunden wird. Daher stellt sich die Frage welche Faktoren die Verbreitung des FSME Virus begrenzen. Zur Beantwortung dieser Frage soll diesem Projekt ein Infektionsmodel erstellt werden welches Zecken aus verschiedenen FSME Naturherden und Rötelmäuse nutzt um die Interaktion von FSME Virusstämmen mit den jeweiligen Zeckenpopulationen unter Miteinbeziehung des natürlichen Reservoir Wirtes untersucht
Cooperation Partners:

PD Dr. Gerhard Dobler, Institut für Mikrobiologie der Bundeswehr, München;Dr. Merle Böhmer, Bayerisches Landesamt für Gesundheit und Lebensmittelsicherheit, Oberschleißheim; Dr. Christiane Wagner-Wiening, Landesgesundheitsamt, Stuttgart; Dr. Wiebke Hellenbrand, Robert-Koch-Institut, Berlin; Prof. Ute Mackenstedt, Institut für Zoologie, Universität Hohenheim; Prof. Martin Pfeffer, Institut für Tierhygiene und Öffentliches Veterinärwesen, Leipzig; Prof. Ralph Kühn, Lehrstuhl Zoologie, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephan; Prof. Martin Beer, Institut für Virusdiagnostik, Insel Riems; Prof. Andrea Kröger, Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Krankenhaushygiene, Magdeburg;

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Development and testing of preventive and therapeutic measures against SARS-CoV-2 on experimental animal model ferrets, rabbits, hamsters and on the primate model
Entwicklung und Testung präventiver und therapeutischer Maßnahmen gegen SARS-CoV-2 am experimentellen Tiermodell Frettchen, Kaninchen, Hamster und am Primatenmodell
Project Investigators: Prof. Dr. Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede; Prof. Dr. Ab Osterhaus; Prof. Dr. Guus Rimmelzwaan; Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Baumgärtner; Prof. Dr. Stefan Pöhlmann
Duration: May 2020 until May 2022
Funding: MWK, 4.000.000 EUR
Project Details:
Das im letzten Jahr neu entdeckte Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Betacoronavirus, Coronavirdae) verursacht
aktuell eine globale Pandemie. Die Todesrate wird aufgrund aktueller Berechnungen zwischen 0,25 %
und 12% geschätzt (Wilson et al. 2020, Mizumoto et al. 2020). Bisher gibt es keine Prophylaxe oder
Therapie gegen die durch SARS-CoV-2 verursachte Erkrankung "COVID-19". Die Herkunft von SARS-CoV2 ist bisher unbekannt, allerdings werden Fledermäuse und Schuppentiere aktuell als Überträger
diskutiert (Tsan-Yuk Lam et al. 2020). Daher sind experimentelle Tiermodelle eine effiziente, sichere,
schnelle und somit unabdingbare Basis für die Entwicklung und Testung von präventiven und
therapeutischen Maßnahmen gegen SARS-CoV-2-Infektionen beim Menschen.
Frettchen gelten als geeignete Testmodelle für die Erforschung der Pathogenese und Entwicklung von
Impfstoffen gegen das 2003 entdeckte SARS-CoV-1. SARS-CoV-1 und -2 nutzen über das virale spike (S)
Protein den Wirtszellrezeptor ACE2 (Hoffmann et al. 2020), um Wirtszellen zu infizieren. Daher werden
Frettchen bereits für die Erforschung von SARS-CoV-2 eingesetzt (Callaway 2020). Phylogenetische
Analysen des ACE2 Rezeptors (Abb. 1, Anhang 1) zeigen, dass eine enge genetische Verwandtschaft
zwischen dem ACE2 Rezeptor von Menschen und Kaninchen vorliegt, und sich somit Frettchen und
insbesondere auch Kaninchen deutlich besser für die Forschung zum SARS-CoV-2 eignen als z.B. das
häufig eingesetzte Mausmodell. Zusätzlich werden Hamster als geeignetes Modell angesehen (Cohen,
2020). Darüber hinaus sind nicht-menschliche Primaten (NHP) für die Testung von Impfstoffen von
zentraler Bedeutung, da sie die Immunantwort des Menschen am besten widerspiegeln. Ausgewählte
Wirkstoffe und Impfstoffe, die sich als geeignet und sicher in den oben genannten Tiermodellen
erwiesen haben, sollen zur abschließenden Bewertung in NHP-Modellen getestet werden.
Beim Testen von Impfstoffkandidaten und Antikörperpräparaten in Humanstudien besteht wie bei
anderen Coronaviren das Risiko einer erhöhten Anfälligkeit für SARS-CoV-2-Infektionen, was bei einer
natürlichen Infektion zu einer schwerwiegenderen Erkrankung führt. Dies kann durch eine
antikörperabhängige Verstärkung, durch verzerrte Immunantworten (z.B. durch T-Zellen) oder durch
eine Kombination solcher Mechanismen verursacht werden. Hinweise für eine solche Verstärkung
wurden bereits für Impfstoffe gegen SARS und MERS erhalten und es muss sichergestellt werden, dass
eine vergleichbare Problematik nicht bei einem Impfstoff auftritt, der zur Bekämpfung der COVID-19-
Pandemie eingesetzt wird. Daher ist es von größter Bedeutung, Tiermodelle zu etablieren, die den normale und den therapeutisch
verbesserten Krankheitsverlauf von COVID-19 für eine optimale Risikominimierung nachbilden. Daher
sollen hier schnellstmöglich ab sofort experimentelle Testmodelle im Frettchen, Kaninchen und Hamster
in den BSL-3-Laboren und auch Tierstallungen am Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses
(RIZ), sowie mit nicht-menschliche Primaten (NHP) am Primatenzentrum in Göttingen etabliert werden,
um diese Modelle für die unmittelbare Testung von neuen antiviralen Strategien und
Impfstoffentwicklungen einzusetzen. Für die Durchführung dieser Tierversuche ist ein höchstmöglicher
Standard im Sinne des Tierschutzes und der Biosicherheit erforderlich. Die beteiligten Einrichtungen
verfügen über die fachliche Expertise und auch institutionelle Voraussetzung mit modernster
Gebäudetechnologien, um diesen Standards gerecht zu werden. Damit können diese Einrichtungen mit
der Etablierung dieser Tiermodelle eine Plattform für die regionale, aber auch nationale und
internationale Forschung liefern, um schnellstmöglich die Testung von Wirkstoffen und Impfstoffen
umzusetzen.
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