Research

Project Details:
Ziel ist es, ein wissenschaftsbasiertes Konzept zur Qualitätssicherung für die spermatologische Diagnostik in Schweinebesamungsstationen zu etablieren. Dabei sollen sowohl Aspekte der internen als auch der externen Qualitätskontrolle berück-sichtigt werden. Neben der Erstellung von Prüfplänen für Laborgeräte und die verschiedenen Untersuchungsmethoden werden der Umfang und der zeitliche Abstand laborintern stattfindender Ringversuche festgelegt und Zielwerte erarbeitet. Des Weiteren soll ein E-Learning-Modul zur Motilitätsuntersuchung erstellt werden, mit dem Ziel, die Variabilität der Schätzwerte dieses wichtigen funktionellen Parameters zu minimieren.

Funding: Niedersächsisches Ministerium für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Verbraucherschutz, 79.700 EUR

Project Details:
Harbor seals are the most abundant native seal species in the Wadden Sea of Lower Saxony. The population of harbor seals was decimated by the 1988/89 and 2002 phocine distemper virus (PDV) epidemics. In 1988 almost 60% of harbor seals in the entire Wadden Sea area died, in 2002 approximately half of native animals were found dead. Harbor seals in the Wadden Sea were affected by influenza H10N7 infections for the first time in 2014. After each of these losses, however, the population was able to recover. Harbor seals are also susceptible to infectious diseases occurring more sporadically and can harbor pathogens communicable to humans.

The research is conducted by University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, jointly with Seal Station National Park House Norden-Norddeich, LAVES IFF Cuxhaven and LAVES LVI Hannoer, as well as the National Park Administration for the Wadden Sea in Lower Saxony, Wilhelmshaven. Funding is provided by the Ministry for Nutrition, Agriculture and Consumer Protection of Lower Saxony using hunting permit fees. Rescued harbor seals will be examined to determine health status, emphasizing acquisition of zoonosis and infectious agent data. Further, macro-debris found in these animals will be registered and indications of gray seal predation examined. Results will be incorporated in the development of a management program for hygiene and infectious diseases.

Results:

The project results of the examinations of dead harbor seals in Lower Saxony, which took place between 2015 and 2017, have shown that a representative number of animals can be submitted to autopsy and further investigations. The results represent an important contribution to the top predators of the Wadden Sea, the Trilateral Wadden Sea Agreement, OSPAR and the Marine Protection Framework Directive. Surveys should be continued urgently and the stranding chute network should be expanded.

For the dead animals, the health surveys of harbor seals were mainly based on the examinations of this year's (70) and last year's (8) animals. This is due to the high rates of disease and mortality in these age groups that exist in many seal populations. However, two perennial animals were also available for examination during this period, one of which was in good conservation status.

The majority of harbor seals shot and found dead were in poor nutritional condition, this may be due to infectious diseases in juveniles, weakness of the animal to live, or loss of the mother. The most common cause of death or disease in the animals found dead was parasitosis of the respiratory tract, followed by cachexia and bronchopneumonia.

Overall, there is no evidence of a recurrence of virus-related seal mortality in the seals examined to date. No macro-trash, e.g., plastic debris or fishnets, was detected in the gastrointestinal tract of any of the animals examined, and there was no evidence of injury from predators.

Comparing the examination results with those of harbor seals from Schleswig-Holstein, it becomes clear that the examination material there is also dominated by this year's and last year's animals. In the animals found around the time of birth, life weakness and cachexia were also a major cause of illness and death. In slightly older animals, bronchopneumonia and septicemia were also present. Frequently found microbial pathogens in Schleswig-Holstein were also streptococci and Escherichia coli/v. haemolytica. With Brucella and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, potentially human-pathogenic germs were found in Lower Saxony as well as in Schleswig-Holstein, which always remind us to handle dead and living seals with care. There were no indications of epidemic virological disease in either Lower Saxony or Schleswig-Holstein during the years under investigation. However, the combined health examinations of dead and live harbor seals in Schleswig-Holstein have shown that certain parameters, such as antibodies and antigen detection for distemper and influenza, should also be aimed at in live animals in order to be able to ensure an evaluation of older harbor seals as well.

For the training of the mudflat hunting wardens a handout was developed, which will be distributed to them in the context of the training courses of the seal station Norddeich. The information from the project will also be included in future exhibitions at the seal station and the national park houses.

Cooperation Partners:

Seehundstation Nationalparkhaus Norden-Norddeich

LAVES IFF Cuxhaven und LAVES LVI Hannover

Nationalparkamt in Wilhelmshaven

Funding: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, 195.000 EUR

Project Details:
In den Industrienationen korreliert der Konsum von rotem Fleisch mit der Inzidenz an kolorektalen Karzinomen. Es wurde gezeigt, dass rotes Fleisch im Gegensatz zu weißem Fleisch die endogene Bildung von Nitrosoverbindungen wie Nitrosylhäm und Nitrosothiolen dosisabhängig im Humandarm induziert. Da rotes Fleisch viel mehr Häm als weißes Fleisch enthält, wurde ein direkter Zusammenhang zwischen der Aufnahme von Häm und der endogenen Bildung von Nitrosoverbindungen suggeriert. In diesem Kontext wurde postuliert, dass die endogen gebildeten Nitrosoverbindungen zur Bildung von Diazoacetat führen. Diazoacetat ist wiederum in der Lage, O6-Carboxymethylguanin-Addukte zu bilden, spezifische Genmutationen hervorzurufen und letztendlich kolorektale Tumore zu induzieren. Im Rahmen dieses Projektes soll festgestellt werden, ob: 1) auf der einen Seite Nitrosoverbindungen, die bei der Inkubation von Humanfäzes mit Nitrat/Nitrit und Häm entstehen, und auf der anderen Seite Nitrosylhäm, welches im Zellkulturmedium durch die Reaktion von NO mit Häm erzeugt wird, in der Lage sind, Humandickdarmepithelzellen maligne zu transformieren; 2) die Inkubation von Humandickdarmepithelzellen mit endogen gebildeten Nitrosoverbindungen und Nitrosylhäm zur Bildung von O6-Carboxymethylguanin-Addukten führt; 3) Ki-ras-, APC- und/oder p53-Genmutationen in den maligne transformierten Humandickdarmepithelzellen auftreten; 4) die gleichzeitige Fütterung von Nitrit und Häm an Ratten zur Bildung von O6-Carboxymethylguanin-Addukten führt, Ki-ras-, APC- und/oder p53-Genmutationen induziert und präneoplastische und neoplastische Läsionen im Dickdarm und/oder Rektum der Versuchstiere hervorruft. Die geplanten Experimente sollen erstmalig zeigen, ob der oben genannte Pfad (Nitrat/Nitrit + Häm → endogen gebildete Nitrosoverbindungen → O6-Carboxymethylguanin-Addukte → Ki-ras-, APC- und/oder p53-Genmutationen) zur malignen Transformation von Humandickdarmepithelzellen führt. Das Tierexperiment soll zeigen, ob die oben genannte Folge von Ereignissen auch in vivo stattfindet.

Funding: DFG MA 5202/1-1;-2, 199.700 EUR

Project Details:
The project aim was to describe and characterize enteric mechanosensitive neurons and their role for sensory processing in the ENS. This was achieved using voltage sensitive dye imaging in primary cultures of guinea pig and human enteric neurons.
The idea at the basis of this project was to advance the knowledge on sensory processing in the ENS and to find novel models that apply for basic enteric neurobiology as well as for disease associated sensorimotor disorders in the gut.

Project Details:
Es wird anhand von 6000 ausgefüllten Fragebögen statistisch überprüft, ob die bereits mehrfach wissenschaftlich beschriebenen gesundheitlichen Kastrationsfolgen auf bestimmte Hunderassen zutreffen und ob sich diese gegebenfalls um zusätzliche Rassen erweitern lassen

Funding: Niedersächsische Tierseuchenkasse Landesvereinigung der Milchwirtschaft Niedersachsen, 157.000 EUR

Project Details:
Ziel des Projekts ist die systematische Erfassung von Aufzuchtbedingungen in niedersächsischen Milchviehbetrieben mit hohen Aufzuchtverlusten und Identifizierung relevanter Risikofaktoren. Weiterhin soll ein Praxis-nahes Score-System erarbeitet werden, mit dem das Aufzuchtmanagement in einem Betrieb bewertet werden kann und welches in der Beratung benutzt werden kann.

Project Details:
In der Aufzucht (Flatdeckphase) und Mast sind prinzipiell drei unterschiedliche Möglichkeiten der P-Versorgung gegeben, nämlich die Verwendung mineralischer P-Verbindungen, die Nutzung des Nicht-Phytin-Phosphors (in pflanzlichen Komponenten eher geringer Anteil) sowie die Verwertung des Phytin-Phosphors dank entsprechender Futterzusatzstoffe (Phytasen). Im ungünstigsten Fall steht den wachsenden Tieren aber nur der Nicht-Phytin aus den pflanzlichen Komponenten zur Verfügung. Vor diesem Hintergrund zielt die Untersuchung auf die Diagnostik einer evtl. marginalen oder gar defizitären P-Versorgung. Insbesondere anhand der Mineralisation unterschiedlicher Knochen im Laufe der Mast soll diese Frage mittels chemischer, physikalischer, klinischer Verfahren (u. a. Röntgen) näher geklärt werden.

Results:

Rieger, H., Ratert, C., Wendt, M., Schwennen, C., & Kamphues, J. (2021). Comparative study on the chemical composition of different bones/parts of bones in growing pigs differently supplied with inorganic phosphorus and phytase. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 105(Suppl. 2), 106- 118. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.13636

https://elib.tiho-hannover.de/dissertations/riegerh_ss17

Project Details:
Bewegungsstörungen und Lahmheiten sind bedeutende Ursachen für das vorzeitige Ausscheiden von Schweinen aus der Zucht oder Mast. Dabei spielen Klauenerkrankungen und Osteochondropathien eine dominierende Rolle. Die Untersuchungen zielen auf eine Klärung resp. besseres Verständnis der Ätiologie und Pathogenese dieser Veränderungen. Darauf basierend werden verschiedene Ansätze zur Behandlung bzw. Verhütung der betreffenden Krankheiten geprüft.

Project Details:
Mammary cancer is the third most common neoplasm in cats with a classification of 80-90 % as malignant highly-aggressive adenocarcinomas. As the median survival time varies from four months to three years depending on tumor size and clinical staging, early diagnosis and treatment gives best prognosis. Potential new molecular markers can provide further prognostic information helping to understand the molecular pathogenesis of the neoplastic change and enable early diagnosis. The prognostic potential of different human and feline mammary cancer-related genes (ER, PR, HER2/neu, EGFR, PI3K, pAkt, PTEN, CDH1, SnaiI, CLDN-2, COX-2, CK5/6, CK14, BRCA1, BRCA2, STAT3) has been investigated, but not the potential interaction of these targets with each other. Some further molecular markers were just analyzed in humans (HMGA2, FOXC1, STAT1), which might also be of importance for the feline disease. Characterization of those targets concerning characteristic expression patterns in correlation with histological grading, gene-regulation and identification of their potential interaction is essential for finding new molecular biomarkers. Besides the characterization of the gene expression pattern, the regulation of the expression and the interaction of potential molecular markers is still a novel field of intensive research in general. Herein, especially microRNAs have moved into the spotlight. Focusing on cats, only little is known about miRNA regulated pathways so far. Consequently further research on the identification of miRNAs playing a role in the regulation of genes being associated to feline mammary carcinomas is important as well to elucidate processes causing tumor development and progression. Aim of this study is to promote the molecular characterization of gene expression patterns and regulatory miRNAs within primary feline mammary carcinoma tissues and cell lines to identify reliable prognostic molecular markers.

Results:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30185896; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31969654

Project Details:
In this project we are going to establish stable transfected cell lines with far-red and near-infrared fluorescent protein. Then fluorescent protein expression analysis will be carried out in vitro and in vivo for evaluation of tumor cell targeting by recombinant CPE in canine mammary cell line derived tumors. The outcome herein will be useful models for in vitro and in vivo monitoring tumor development and evaluation of functionalized CPE binders of canine mammary tumors. Using Relative quantitative one step PCR, the differentiations in claudin gene expression between stably transfected mammary tumor cell lines and non-transfected mammary tumor cell lines will be performed. Genomic screening will be carried out using next generation sequencing for identifying the possible mutation that could be happened as a result for transfection. Fluorescent protein expression analysis will be carried out in vitro and in vivo for evaluation of tumor cell targeting by recombinant CPE in canine mammary cell line derived tumor. In next steps we will transplant continuously different cell lines and cell number in SCDI mice in order to monitor tumor engraftment and development. Further, CPE binders will be applied in vivo to characterize their effect on tumor volume development. Then functionalized CPE binders will be applied in order to evaluate tumor ablation by photonic intervention.

Cooperation Partners:

Institut für Quantenoptik, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Prof.Dr.Alexander Heisterkamp