Research

Funding: Drittmittelprojekt, gefördert durch die Fritz-Ahrberg-Stiftung., 65.000 EUR

Project Details:
Freezing is a frequently used method for preservation of food. This method is also regularly used in connection with the import of meat from third countries. For example, frozen pork is imported from Chile and frozen poultry meat from Brazil. Although the freezing of the meat has a positive effect on the microbiological properties, the sensory and physico-chemical properties of the meat after thawing can also be negatively affected, which also has an influence on the storage and further processing of the products. Various changes in meat caused by freezing have been presented in publications so far. However, studies that have investigated the use and processing of frozen and subsequently thawed meat for the production of meat products (e.g. raw fermented sausages) are rare. This also applies to meat, packed under a protective gas atmosphere, which was frozen before packing. Therefore, in the present study, pig and turkey meat will be stored for 3, 6, 9 and 12 months, frozen at -18°C and -80°C, and processed into raw sausages after thawing. Comparatively, the meat will be also stored in modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) after thawing. For an assessment of the meat quality, certain microbiological, physico-chemical (e.g. colour, TBARS) or sensory analyses are carried out before freezing, after thawing and during storage/ maturing of the modified atmosphere packaged meat or raw fermented sausages. Control samples, which are processed or packaged without prior freezing, are included in each test run. The aim of the study is to investigate the influence of a freezing treatment of pork and turkey meat on the processing and storage properties of the thawed meat.

Results:

Teuteberg V., I.-K. Kluth, M. Plötz, C. Krischek* (2021):

Effects of duration and temperature of frozen storage on the quality and food safety characteristics of pork after thawing and after storage under modified atmosphere.

Meat Science, 108419, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0309174020308512?via%3Dihub

 

Kluth, I.-K., V. Teuteberg, M. Plötz, C. Krischek* (2021):

Effects of freezing temperatures and storage times on the quality and safety of raw turkey meat and sausage products.

Poultry Science, 100, 101305, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579121003394?via%3Dihub

Funding: Drittmittelprojekt, gefördert durch das Bundesamt für Ausrüstung, Informationstechnik und Nutzung der Bundeswehr., 272.949 EUR

Project Details:
Many microbial pathogens are transmitted via contaminated drinking water and cause severe diseases in humans. Therefore, it is necessary that drinking water is constantly monitored and microbial contamination is excluded. Compliance with limit values of the "Trinkwasserverordnung" is mandatory. However, monitoring is usually limited to the detection of indicator organisms that indicate faecal contamination of the water and are intended to predict the presence of pathogenic microorganisms. Nevertheless, outbreaks of diseases caused by contaminated drinking water, in which no indicator bacteria have been detected during analysis, have been frequently reported. Drinking water may also contain microorganisms that could not be detected during routine diagnostics. The development of a new method that comprehensively examines microbial diversity and the occurrence of pathogenic microorganisms from drinking water samples could set new standards for drinking water testing in the future. "Next Generation Sequencing" (NGS) is a very promising method for this. The aim of the project is therefore to carry out a parallel analysis of large quantities of DNA or RNA sequences by metagenome sequencing and to record the microbial diversity of water samples. Initial approaches using NGS technologies for this purpose have been described in the literature. Nevertheless, the isolation and concentration of microorganisms from water samples must first be optimised. Protocols, methods and bioinformatic pipelines must also be adapted to overcome the difficulties of detecting pathogenic microorganisms in drinking water. The protocols required for this will be developed in the project. Subsequently, the procedure will be validated against the methods described by the "Trinkwasserverordnung" or comparable reference methods. The determination of the analytical as well as the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity is the main focus of this research project. Furthermore, the methodology will be developed and established for different water samples (e.g. drinking water, surface water) and tested for its practicability with the help of field samples.

Funding: BfN, 549.313 EUR

Project Details:
The implementation of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (2008/56/EG, MSFD) aims to achieve a good environmental status (GES) of the European oceans until 2020. The MSFD obliges all European coastal states to effectuate the development and execution of national marine strategies. It sets a tight time schedule for the accomplishment of several obligations, like the results of the status assessments of the German North and Baltic Seas, which have to be reported to the European Commission regularly, the determination of the GES of the German marine areas and the determination of environmental targets. In the context of this range of tasks, the Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research shall support the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN) scientifically, in order to perform the existing reporting duties and actions timely and with professional quality. Approaches to the evaluation of the biodiversity status within the MSFD will be compiled on international, national and regional levels, refined and different approaches will be harmonised.

They will be processed nationally as well as internationally in different committees and working groups (for example in the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES)) and debated within regional marine protection treaties (Oslo and Paris Commission (OSPAR) and Helsinki Commission (HELCOM)). The cooperation regarding the MSFD and partially the Council Directive on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora will be organised within the framework of BLANO in Germany. Currently, the assessments (for example scientific indicators) are being compiled and modulated in the different working groups. A continuous cooperation is necessary in the various working groups, in order to guarantee a sufficient incorporation of German research results and indicator concepts on international level. This is enabled within the framework of this project.
The ITAW has developed and implemented extensive research proposals and monitoring drafts with a focus on marine mammals for Germany in the past, with the result that long-term data and basics are available for indicator configuration at the ITAW. These shall be included in this process. The existing results provided by the ITAW, scientific analyses and considerations on the indicator configuration shall contribute to the international process, because the indicator development also presents an important tool for future monitoring research projects. Furthermore, it is also necessary from the scientific point of view to reconcile and effectuate the implementation and validation of indicators as well as monitoring efficiency on international level, because marine mammals are such highly mobile species.

Results:

https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.795953

Funding: Bundesanstaltung für Landwirtschaft und Ernährung, 111.930 EUR

Project Details:
The aim of the project is to use the "Animal Welfare Advisory Team (HACCP Team)" to transfer the many years of experience gained from expert advice and science to practical farms with pullets and laying hens and to implement, evaluate and optimise it in practice. Experience to date has shown that the focus must be placed even more than before on optimising the rearing of pullets. Here, feed optimisation as well as the provision of occupational material is essential in order to minimise behavioural disorders on the laying farm and to maintain animal health. The aim is to achieve a significant improvement in animal welfare on the participating farms, taking into account the needs and requirements of birds with untrimmed beaks at all ages. The experiences and results of the project farms are to be passed on to the broad professional public and practice. The established "Animal Welfare Advisory Team" consists of the Animal Welfare Advisor (LWK) who, in cooperation with a specialist veterinarian from the University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover (TiHo), develops a common advisory basis for the project. The team possesses competence and represents a sustainable, innovative transfer of knowledge. The team forms the basis for the future HACCP advisory team.

Cooperation Partners:

Landwirtschaftskammer Niedersachsen

Funding: Tönnies Forschung, 165.400 EUR

Project Details:
In this project, pigs are trained by (automatic) operant conditioning to use a pig toilet with separate areas for urinating and defecating. The aim is to reduce ammonia concentrations in the piggery and to improve animal welfare through cognitive environmental enrichment.

Results:

https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/1/113

Funding: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, 500.218 EUR

Project Details:
Directive 2010/63/EU obliges a more consistent implementation of the 3Rs principle in the use of animals for scientific purposes, with the consequence of increased research activities in this field. The University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover and the Philipps University Marburg want to support these 3R research activities in a joint effort through a pilot project to establish an open access training platform for 3R methods and to make 3R methods more transparent and visible.

Results:

3R SMART

Directive 2010/63/EU requires a more consistent implementation of the 3Rs principle in the use of animals for scientific purposes, resulting in increased research activities in this field. The Hanover University of Veterinary Medicine Foundation and the Philipps University of Marburg wanted to support these 3R research activities and make them more transparent and visible through a pilot project to set up an open access training platform for 3R methods.

The aim of the project was to set up an open access training platform for 3R methods that would (A) make visible the high level of scientific, but also industry-driven commitment to the development of alternative methods to animal testing, in order to (B) offer not only information that relates specifically to individual 3R methods, but also fundamental background information on the 3R concept (e.g. on the ethical classification of the 3R concept). (C) to offer the training content in the form of short, easy-to-understand video contributions and thus usefully supplement the text-based content of established alternative methods databases (e.g. AnimAlt-ZEBET, DB-ALM).The content was closely aligned with the recommendations from the workshop "Teaching Alternative Methods to Animal Experimentation", which was organized by the Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing in Europe (CAAT) and the Transatlantic Think Tank for Toxicology (t4). According to these recommendations, the high degree of diversification of knowledge about 3R methods makes it necessary to teach the essential contents of the 3R concept in a modular way. In the 3R-SMART, this is achieved through modules on 3R background information (basic modules) and on individual 3R methods (advanced modules). To ensure broad acceptance of the 3R-SMART, the EU Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, the German Center for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R) at the BfR, the EU Berlin with the Berlin-Brandenburg research platform BB3R, and BASF were involved in designing the content.

The 3R-SMART has been online since March 2020 and has already been very popular. A total of 1,097 visitors were already registered via the web analytics platform Matomo in 2020, although it is expected that this development can be significantly increased with the optimizations planned in the expansion period.

Cooperation Partners:

Philipps-Universität Marburg, Deutsches Zentrum zum Schutz von Versuchstieren (Bf3R) am BfR, FU Berlin mit der Berlin-Brandenburger Forschungsplattform BB3R, BASF

Funding: DFG, 333.650 EUR

Project Details:
Die Infektion mit dem Theilerschen murinen Enzephalomyelitisvirus (TMEV) stellt ein anerkanntes Modell zur Erforschung viraler Enzephalitiden und degenerativer Prozesse bedingt durch neurotrope Viren dar. Antigen-präsentierende Zellen (APZ) werden hierbei maßgeblich für Neuronenschäden im Hippocampus von infizierten C57BL/6-Mäusen verantwortlich gemacht. Aktivierende und inhibierende C-Typ Lektinrezeptoren (CLRs) auf APZ wirken an der Pathogenerkennung mit und tragen daher essentiell zur Immunhomöostase bei verschiedenen Infektionskrankheiten bei. Die Bedeutung von CLRs in der Neuropathogenese der TME ist bislang allerdings unklar. Basierend auf der Hypothese, dass eine Dysregulation der CLR-Aktivierung für die Immunpathologie im Gehirn und Neurodegeneration verantwortlich ist, soll in dem geplanten Projekt die Bedeutung von CLRs bei der TMEV-Infektion untersucht werden.

Funding: BmBF, 331.351 EUR

Project Details:
Entwicklung und Evaluation eines auf Dengue-Virus zugeschnittenen Systems für Immunogenitätsstudien

Funding: Förderverein Bioökonomieforschung (FBF) e.V., 60.010.024 EUR

Project Details:
Der enorme Zuchtfortschritt in der Holsteinzucht in Deutschland basiert vor allem auf der Nutzung der künstlichen Besamung von Kühen und Färsen mit Sperma von genetisch wertvollen Zuchtbullen.
Essenziell für die Eignung eines Bullen als Besamungsbulle ist eine gute Spermaqualität, Libido sowie gute Trächtigkeitserfolge nach KB mit dem entsprechenden Sperma (DeJarnette et al. 2010).
In der vorgeschlagenen Studie soll untersucht werden welchen Einfluss eine geringe oder hohe Stressbelastung gemessen anhand von Stresshormonleveln in der Aufzuchtphase von Bullenkälbern auf die spätere Eignung als Besamungsbullen hat. Ursachen für Stress in der Jungtieraufzucht sind vor allem Haltungsmängel, vielfaches Umstallen, Rangordnungskämpfe, zu frühes Absetzen, das genutzte Trankeregim sowie natürlich der Ablauf der Kalbung, die Versorgung jedes einzelnen Kalbes mit Kollostralmilch und die daraus resultierende Immunkompetenz wie auch das Auftreten von klassichen Jungtiererkrankungen (Hubert und Moisá 2015). Grundlage für die Projektidee ist unter anderem, dass von Besamungsstationen immer wieder berichtet wird, dass die angekauften Bullenkälber in sehr unterschiedlicher körperlicher Konstitution angeliefert werden. Daher stellt sich vielfach die Frage, ob diese varierende körperliche Entwicklung, die massgeblich durch verschiede Stresslevel und Unterschiede in der Aufzucht mitbestimmt sein könnte, Einfluss auf die spätere Zuchttauglichkeit hat.
Um dies zu evaluieren sollen zum einen Kurz- und ein potentieller Langzeit-Stressparameter im Blut und Speichel der Kälber und später Bullen untersucht werden. Zum anderen ist geplant auch die Haltungsbedingungen, Erkrankungsraten und Managementfaktoren in den Aufzuchtbetrieben der jeweiligen männlichen Kälber zu erfassen. Nach der Einstallung der Tiere im Alter zwischen 3-6 Monaten in eine Besamungsstation sollen die Spermaqualität, die Libido und wenn möglich auch die resultieren Trächtigkeitserfolge der Bullen bewertet werden.
Das Ziel des Projektes ist es die Auswirkungen von Stress bei männlichen Kälbern durch verschiedene Aufzuchtregieme auf die spätere Eignung als Besamungsbulle zu analysieren und somit negativen Einflussen vorbeugen zu können.

Cooperation Partners:

IFN Schönow e.v.

Funding: Epilepsy Foundation, 200.000 EUR

Project Details:
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a genetic disease, which leads to elevated PI3K/mTOR signaling and causes development of tumors in different organs as well as epileptic seizures, developmental delay, and autism. Therapy is limited to often ineffective anti-seizure drugs (ASDs), surgery, and rapalogs (everolimus), the first generation mTOR inhibitors. Recently, everolimus has been approved for treatment of ASD-refractory partial-onset seizures in patients with TSC. However, this therapy is associated with severe adverse events, including immunosuppression. We have developed novel, ATP-competitive, specific, brain penetrant mTOR and PI3K/mTOR inhibitors, which have a much better safety profile; particularly these compounds lack immunosuppressive activity.

Cooperation Partners:

PIQUR, Basel, Schweiz