Research

Project Details:
Mouse lemurs are the smallest primates on earth. They are endemic to Madagascar, where they are increasingly endangered by anthropogenically caused habitat degradation. Mouse lemurs are unique primate models for evolutionary, aging and genomic research. They exhibit extraordinary species diversity with limited vs. broad ranges in the Malagasy tropical forests. They have a long longevity related to body size (up to 15 years in the laboratory, about 9 years in the field) which is, however, much shorter than for common anthropoid primate models. Furthermore, some, but not all, aging individuals develop an AD-like pathology as found in Alzheimer patients or show human-like aging-related diseases such as cancer or ocular pathologies (e.g. cataracts). Likewise mouse lemurs are one of the primate models, for which the full genome is published. In 1985, Elke Zimmermann founded the colony of gray mouse lemurs of the Institute of Zoology (IfZ), by two founder pairs coming from the University of Tübingen (Jörg Ganzhorn). Founder pairs stem from the Rotterdam Zoo and were tracked back to their origin in south-eastern Madagascar (Mandena). To increase the genetic diversity of the colony, the offspring of these founders (originally based at the University of Stuttgart-Hohenheim, moving later on to the University of Constance, the German Primate Centre and finally completely to the Institute of Zoology at the University of Veterinary Medicine in Hannover) were cross-bred with mouse lemurs coming from the Rotterdam Zoo, the Netherlands, in 1993 and the Parc Zoologique de Vincennes, France, in 1996. The colony is a self-sustaining breeding colony for which the life history of each individual mouse lemur is documented from birth to death in a mouse lemur database. Tissues from these individually known mouse lemurs are collected for veterinary purposes, or after the natural death of an animal. This colony of mouse lemurs is registered in the European and International Studbook of the Cheirogaleidae. Animals are used for non-invasive integrative and comparative research in the field of behaviour, physiology, reproduction, sensory biology, communication, cognition, genetics/genomics, aging, conservation biology and veterinary medicine. Furthermore, they are used for comparative research projects that are conducted together with several academic institutions studying the effect of different factors (e.g. general maintenance conditions, different photoperiod regimes, enrichment, group composition, genetic lineages) on the physiology, behaviour, communication, cognition, reproduction, longevity and health status of the colonies.

Results:

e.g.

 

Wittkowski, J.*; Klein, A.*; Kollikowski, A.*; Scheumann, M.*; Schmidtke, D.*; Zimmermann, E.?*; Radespiel, U.* (2024): The mouse lemurs. In: The UFAW Handbook on the Care and Management of Laboratory and Other Research Animals, 9th Edition. (H. Golledge, C. Richardson, eds.). John Wiley & Sons Ltd. (*: contributed equally to this chapter), pp. 662-682. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119555278.ch36.

 

Bleyer, M.; Radespiel, U.; Klein, A.; Kollikowski, A.; Ströbel, P.; Mätz-Rensing, K.; Gruber-Dujardin, E. (2024): Spontaneous soft tissue tumours in aged mouse lemurs. Journal of Comparative Pathology, 215, 47-54.

 

Liu, S.; Ezran, C.; Wang. M.F.Z; Li, Z.; The Tabula Microcebus Consortium*, Long, J.Z.; De Vlaminck, I.; Wang, S.; Kuo, C.; Epelbaum, J.; Terrien, J.; Krasnow, M.A.; Ferrell Jr., J.E. (2024): An organism-wide atlas of hormonal signaling based on the mouse lemur single-cell transcriptome. Nat. Commun., 15, 2188. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-46070-9 (* U.R. is member of the Tabula Microcebus Consortium).

 

Zhao, J.; Wang, G.; Ming, J.; Lin, Z.; Wang, Y.; The Tabula Microcebus Consortium; Wu, A.R.; Yang, C. (2022). Adversarial domain translation networks for integrating large-scale atlas-level single-cell datasets. Nature Computational Science, 2(5), 317-330. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43588-022-00251-y (*:U.R. is member of the Microcebus Consortium).

 

Fritz, R.; Zimmermann, E.; Meier, M.; Mestre-Francés, N.; Radespiel, U.; Schmidtke, D. (2020): Neurobiological substrates of animal personality and cognition in a nonhuman primate (Microcebus murinus). Brain and Behavior, e01752. https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.1752.

Cooperation Partners:

Prof. Ingo Nolte, Klinik für kleine Haustiere

Prof. Fehr, Klinik für Heimtiere

Zoo Zürich, Schweiz; Zoo Frankfurt, Zoo Landau,

Zoo Vincennes, Frankreich; Zoo Pilsen, CZ

Prof. J.-M. Verdier, École Pratique des Hautes Études, Paris, Frankreich

Funding: BMBF, Conservation International, DFG, Operation Wallacea, Volkswagen-Stiftung, DAAD (PhD/reinvitation fellowship to BB, SR, RoR, AR RiR, AH) as well as to supervisors, Small Rufford Fund, private organisations

Project Details:
The Ankarafantsika National Park and the Mariarano forest contain different habitat types, including xerophytic forests, dry deciduous forests, semi-humid gallery forests along rivers or lake shores, coastal mangrove forests (Mariarano) and secondary vegetation formations that may develop after bushfires or selective wood extraction. This mosaic of habitat types offers many different ecological niches for lemurs and other forest dwelling organisms. Both forests are unique in northwestern Madagascar by harboring five endangered or critically endangered lemur species, one of which, the golden brown mouse lemur (Microcebus ravelobensis) was only recently described by our group in 1998. Moreover, the Ankarafantsika National Park comprises the largest remaining continuous patch of dry deciduous forest in northwestern Madagascar and is therefore of utmost importance for the longterm preservation of biodiversity in this biogeographic zone. Knowledge on the environmental flexibility of lemurs is still in its infancy, but urgently needed for conservation management. The aim of this longterm programme is to study the conservation biology of these lemur species, including their vulnerability towards diseases, at sites, for which we already have basic data. This knowledge will help to understand the environmental flexibility of species, how macrogeographic events such as climate change affect lemur?s life history and long-term survival and provide empirical data for long-term conservation management of lemurs in northwestern Madagascar.

Results:

e.g.

 

Klein, A.; Radespiel, U.; Springer, A.; Rakotondravony, R.; Strube, C. (2024): Temporal dynamics in gastrointestinal helminth infections of sympatric mouse lemur species (Microcebus murinus and Microcebus ravelobensis) in Northwestern Madagascar. International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife, 25, 100972. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100972.

 

Rasoloharijaona, S.; Randrianambinina, B.; Radespiel, U. (2024): Evidence for female dominance in the Milne-Edwards? Sportive lemur (Lepilemur edwardsi). American Journal of Primatology, e23658. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.23658.

 

Steffens, T.S.; Ramsay, M.S.; Andriatsitohaina, B.; Cosby, A.E.; Lehman, S.M.; Rakotondravony, R.; Razafitsalama, M.; Teixeira, H.; Radespiel, U. (2022): Shifting biogeographic patterns of Microcebus ravelobensis and M. murinus. Int. J. Prim., 43, 636-656. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-022-00304-z.

 

Wuesthoff, E.; Fuller T.K.; Sutherland, C.; Kamilar, J.M.; Ramanankirahina, R.; Rakotondravony, R.; Rouse, S.; Radespiel, U. (2021): Spatial partitioning of sympatric species of mouse lemurs across a mangrove-dry forest habitat gradient. J. Mammal. 102(5), 1266-1278. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyab082.

 

Durden, L.A.; Kessler, S.E.; Radespiel, U.; Hasiniaina, A.F.; Stekolnikov, A.A.; Chalkowski, K.; Zohdy, S. (2021): Host associations of ectoparasites of the gray mouse lemur, Microcebus murinus, in northwestern Madagascar. J. of Parasitol. 107(1), 108-114. https://doi.org/10.1645/20-145.

Cooperation Partners:

Prof. Solofonirina Rasoloharijaona, University of Mahajanga, Madagascar

Prof. Blanchard Randrianambinina, University of Mahajanga, Madagascar

Dr. Romule Rakotondravony, University of Mahajanga, Madagascar

Dr. Rindra Ramanankirahina, University of Antananarivo, Madagascar

Dr. Hanta Razafindraibe, University of Antananarivo, Madagascar

Dr. Peter Long, Oxford University, U.K.

Prof. Shawn Lehman, Toronto University, Canada

Prof. Brooke Crowley, Univerisity of Cincinnati, USA

Prof. Hermann Behling, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen

Prof. Travis Steffens, University of Guelph, Canada; Planet Madagascar

Funding: Ministerium für Landwirtschaft, ländliche Räume, Europa und Verbraucherschutz (MLLEV), 42.507 EUR

Project Details:
Title: Scientific investigation of seals released in accordance with animal welfare regulations, especially with regard to infectious diseases & zoonotic potentials as well as the scientific training of personnel of the stranding network for the North and Baltic Seas of Schleswig-Holstein
The harbor seal is the most common marine mammal species in Schleswig-Holstein and causes the most call-outs for seal hunters. In the last three decades, seal populations have experienced several major epizootics, but have subsequently grown in size again. In recent years, however, it has been observed that this growth has stagnated and younger seals in particular are disappearing from the populations.
Seals can be carriers of infectious agents such as the Phocine distemper virus, influenza viruses, brucella and erysipelas, some of which can have fatal consequences for the individual animal or the population. These infectious agents are often zoonotic in nature and can promote secondary infections with other pathogens such as Bordetella bronchiseptica or toxoplasmosis.
In addition to comprehensive pathological examinations of the seals, microbiological, virological and parasitological examinations will also be carried out in this project.
Particular attention will be paid to the young animals in order to check whether there may be health related reasons for their decline. For this purpose, a representative number of all seals handed in by seal hunters from the North and Baltic Seas will be selected and subjected to complete post-mortems and further examinations.
The scientific findings will be directly incorporated into the work of the seal hunters, who will receive regular training in the detection of diseases and the handling of marine mammals. Hygiene measures and documentation materials will be developed and reviewed, and accident prevention training will be provided. To this end, a scientific exchange with the seal hunters will take place throughout the entire research project period.

Funding: Helmholtz-Zentrum hereon GmbH, Geesthacht, 16.660 EUR

Project Details:
The Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, ITAW, will support Hereon in this project as a subcontractor in the execution of the following tasks with expert services on the impacts of large offshore wind farms on the overall ecological-economic context in the North and Baltic Seas.
-Overview of the obligations arising from the Marine Strategy Framework Directive and the status of the indicators.
-Large-scale shifts in marine mammal abundance as a result of avoidance responses to the presence of large-scale OWPs.
-Possible population effects for various marine mammals in the North Sea and Baltic Sea due to habitat loss and health risks from large-scale OWPs in Germany and neighboring countries.
-Effects of underwater noise on marine mammals from blasting, OWP construction and shipping.
-Increased human impact on marine mammals in OWP-free areas due to the accumulation of anthropogenic activities that cannot take place in OWP areas (e.g. fishing, shipping, sand and gravel extraction).
Identification of future research needs, in particular:
-Quantification of possible effects on the occurrence of various marine mammals in the OWP area (density effects).
-Effects of blasting, pile driving and construction and supply vessels on marine mammals.
-Research into possible effects and effect-reducing potentials of larger wind turbines and other wind turbine and OWP designs on marine mammals.

Cooperation Partners:

Helmholtz-Zentrum hereon GmbH, Geesthacht

Dachverband Deutscher Avifaunisten, Münster

Thünen-Institut für Seefischerei, Bremerhaven

Funding: TIB, 5.427 EUR

Project Details:
In relation to the human-induced biodiversity crisis, we are organizing a semester-long elective module in the Bachelor's degree program in Biology on insect diversity in the city with data collection in the urban environment of the students.
Online educational resources (OERs) are created for this module as a guide for both students and lecturers and published on twillo (https://www.twillo.de/oer/web/). The collected data will be published on an online platform (www.colkat.de) and published in an entomological journal.

Results:

https://www.twillo.de/edu-sharing/components/render/199cd171-3733-4e44-9569-46bf7a3f07e6

Funding: Nationalparkverwaltung "Niedersächsisches Wattenmeer", Virchowstr. 1, 26383 Wilhelmshaven, 38.243 EUR

Project Details:
The aim of the project is a survey of the local grey seal population in the entire Lower Saxony and Hamburg Wadden Sea during the birthing season (November-December) 2023 and at the time of the fur change (March-April) 2024.
On five trilaterally coordinated dates (three during the birthing season; two during the fur-change period), airborne surveys will be conducted with a single-engine aircraft. During the aerial surveys of the tidal flats, a high-resolution SLR camera will be used to photograph the haul-outs. In order to determine the number of young born as well as the total population, the photos taken are subsequently analyzed on the computer.

Funding: Niedersächsischer Landesbetrieb für Wasserwirtschaft, Küsten- und Naturschutz, 10.000 EUR

Project Details:
Many of the pollutants present in water have the potential to accumulate in aquatic organisms (bioaccumulation). So-called biota investigations have therefore become an integral part of the European Water Framework Directive (EC-WFD) and have established themselves as an important instrument in water monitoring. Against this background, the NLWKN has been carrying out extensive investigations in biota for more than 10 years, among other things within the framework of a special measuring program unique in Germany, in order to detect potential water pollution by bioaccumulating substances at an early stage. Currently, more than 1000 individual substances, including, among others, pesticides, PFAS, plasticizers, flame retardants, PAHs, organotins, dioxins and elements.
It is also known that many pollutants (e.g. PFAS) accumulate in organisms primarily through the ingestion of contaminated food (biomagnification) and that the highest measured values can accordingly be expected at the end of the food chain or at the top of the food pyramid. This is also reflected, for example, by the existing biota environmental quality standards for mercury, dicofol, hexachlorobutadiene and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD), as these were derived for the protected good "secondary poisoning of top predators (wildlife)".
The aim of the project applied for here is the one-time extension of the biota monitoring to organisms with an aquatic connection and as high a trophic level as possible (ideally piscivores, such as otter, comoran, osprey, pike/pike-perch, seal, harbor porpoise).
Due to the migration behavior of some of the mentioned species, it will be possible to obtain an overview of the general pressure situation across all water bodies.
situation. For comparison, a herbivore species (probably nutria) will be investigated. The previous or identical, far beyond the legal requirements of the WFD, data will be used.
The analysis methods for fish, which go far beyond the legal requirements of the WFD, will be used in order to enable a direct comparison of the load levels. The selection of target organisms and tissue types (e.g. muscle, liver or blood) will depend on sample availability.

Cooperation Partners:

GALAB Laboratories GmbH

Otter-Zentrum Hankensbüttel

Funding: Universität Aarhus, 6.119 EUR

Project Details:
On behalf of the University of Aarhus (Denmark), data from observer-based aerial survey flights to determine the abundance and distribution of small cetaceans in the southern Danish North Sea will be analyzed. The main target species is the harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena). The aerial surveys are conducted following line-transect survey methodology and data will be collected according to the so-called SCANS protocol. The data are expected to come from at least three surveys in May, June and October 2023. ITAW has been commissioned to perform quality assurance and analysis of the collected data. Densities and abundances of harbour porpoises will be estimated for each survey and the inaccuracies (95% confidence intervals and coefficient of variation (CV)) associated with the estimation will be determined. The processed data and results will be submitted to the client.

Results:

engl.: For the surveys of the study area in the southern North Sea, densities and abundances of harbour porpoises were estimated and the inaccuracies (95% confidence intervals and coefficient of variation (CV)) associated with the estimation were determined. The processed data and results were submitted to the client.

Funding: Bundesanstalt für Gewässerkunde, 69.271 EUR

Project Details:
In this project, the population of harbor seals and grey seals will be surveyed over a period of 12 months (2023-2024) to assess their abundance and distribution in the Tidal Elbe area. The aerial surveys of the seal population in the Elbe estuary will take place from August 2023 to July 2024. During the flight along all known and potential haul-out sites, images will be taken with a high-resolution digital SLR camera and subsequently analysed. This conversion to the photo-based method was successfully carried out in previous projects and innovatively further developed in order to be able to provide the client with reliable figures and the highest possible transparency as well as reproducibility of the results.

Funding: Nationalparkverwaltung "Nieders. Wattenmeer", 19.182 EUR

Project Details:
The Institute of Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research (ITAW) of the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation has been conducting research in the field of marine mammals for various federal and state authorities for many years. In addition to basic and applied research, a core focus of our work is the assessment of marine mammal populations in German waters and beyond. This includes, for instance, the visual monitoring of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) in the German Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) since 2002 as well as image-based counts of grey seals in the Wadden Sea of Lower Saxony since 2012.Furthermore, ITAW regularly conducts model-based analyses of temporal-spatial habitat selection and habitat use of marine mammals.
In this project, the Wadden Sea National Park Authority of Lower Saxony provides data and ITAW conducts a temporal-spatial analysis of the population development and habitat use of grey and harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) in the Wadden Sea of Lower Saxony, with a special focus on the following research questions:
o What factors influence the habitat selection (i.e. choice of resting places) of harbour and grey seals in the Lower Saxony Wadden Sea National Park during the pupping season and during the moulting season?
o Has the fine-scale, spatial distribution of seal haul-out sites in general and pupping areas in particular in the Wadden Sea of Lower Saxony changed over time, e.g. over the last 10 years and in comparison to the greater Wadden Sea area? What role does the management zonation into resting, intermediate and recovery zones play and can possible changes in the distribution pattern be attributed to anthropogenic disturbances?
o What is the demography and population structure, in particular the temporal development of the proportion of pups over the last 10 years?
The results from this projects will directly be transferred to the management authority and may lead to proposals for improved species protection for harbour and grey seals in the Wadden Sea National Park.