Research

Funding: DFG, 124.000 EUR

Project Details:
Ziel des Forschungsvorhabens ist die Entwicklung und Charakterisierung bioresorbierbarer FeMnAg-Werkstoffe und deren Qualifizierung für die additive Fertigung am Beispiel des selektiven Laserschmelzens (SLM). Der kooperative Ansatz berücksichtigt insbesondere die Entwicklung, Herstellung und Charakterisierung von mittels SLM additiv gefertigter Strukturen aus konventionell nicht mischbaren Legierungen mit teilweise stark unterschiedlichen Schmelzpunkten wie FeAg-Legierungen. Im Hinblick auf den Einsatz als resorbierbare Implantate in der Bio-medizintechnik sind neben der gesicherten Herstellbarkeit vor allem die Biokompatibilität und eine gegenüber konventionellen Eisenlegierungen signifikante Steigerung der Degradationsraten von besonderer Bedeutung. Neben den mikrostrukturellen Eigenschaften soll die Verteilung, einschließlich Größe, Struk-tur und Form, der Legierungspartner zur Steuerung der Degradationsraten angepasst werden, wozu eine Prozess-Struktur-Korrelation bis auf die nanoskopische Ebene Methoden erfolgen soll. Da die bei der Degradation des Implantates im Gewebe freigesetzten Partikel phagozytiert werden sollen, müssen diese aus einer noch zu entwickelnden modifizierten, bioverträglichen, nicht korrosionsbeständigen Edelmetalllegierung bestehen, deren Wechselwirkung mit den Legierungselementen des FeMn-Stahls (insbesondere Mangan) zu untersuchen ist. Die Untersuchungen sollen zunächst mit dem Fokus auf Silber als Edelmetallzusatz begonnen werden.

Cooperation Partners:

Prof. Dr. M. Schaper, Prof. Dr. G. Grundmeier (Universität Paderborn)

Funding: DFG, 261.200 EUR

Project Details:
Die Oberflächeneigenschaften von additiv gefertigten, biomedizintechnischen Bauteilen mit unterschiedlichen Beschichtungen sollen untersucht werden. Es werden Prüfmuster mittels Laserstrahlschmelzen (SLM) aus Titanlegierungen hergestellt. Um die Biokompatibilität zu erhöhen, werden diese mit einem multilagigen bzw. gradierten Schichtsystem aus Ti(Zr,Hf)CN beschichtet. Die Auswahl des Schichtsystems erfolgt in Hinblick auf die Herstellung von individuell angepassten Implantaten mittels SLM und die Funktionalisierung mittels PVD-Beschichtung. Nach Abscheidung der verschiedenen Beschichtungen wird deren Einfluss auf die Korrosionsbeständigkeit, Biokompatibilität und Ermüdungsfestigkeit charakterisiert.

Cooperation Partners:

Prof. Dr. M. Schaper (Universität Paderborn)

Prof. Dr. W. Tillmann (Technische Universität Dortmund)

Funding: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), 232.098 EUR

Project Details:
It is always necessary to collect representative samples of specific questions of food law, which must be examined within a food batch in order to be able to make a certain statement with sufficient probability.
These are often complex relationships, for example, if it can not be assumed that there is a homogeneous distribution of the characteristic within the population. At the same time, these decisions are associated with far-reaching legal consequences and must also be made directly.
This issue of an appropriate sampling is related to food-borne outbreaks of zoono-tic agents as well as to cases where a batch of food or a food-making process is considered safe or not to be safe from zoonotic agents.
In order to derive an appropriate scientific decision for the conception of a sample examination, there are the properties of the pathogen, the particular food and its production steps (technology), the laboratory procedure to be used, the timing and nature of the feared entry and the epidemiological (mathematical) methods to take into account.
In addition, there is an assessment of the validity of a random sample examination or misinterpretations that may persist. The project will create an online tool based on pratical use cases, which will process these components directly from the point of view of the veterinary authority.

Results:

Förster C, Nordhoff K, Fritzemeier J, Breuer J, Kreienbrock L. A Framework for Study Plan-ning in Food Safety Investigations. Berliner und Münchener Tierärztliche Wochenschrift. 2022;135:1-10 . doi: 10.2376/1439-0299-2022-9.

 

Förster C, Nordhoff K, Fritzemeier J, Kreienbrock L. Wie groß muss die Stichprobe sein? Rundschau für Fleischhygiene und Lebensmittelüberwachung - RFL. 2022;74(4):135-6

https://www.tiho-hannover.de/ibei/forschung/shiny-apps

Cooperation Partners:

Task Force Verbraucherschutz, LAVES

Veterinärdienst für Stadt und Landkreis Osnabrück

Funding: DFG WO 1735/6-2, 210.000 EUR

Project Details:
The central aim of the first phase of our project was to correlate subzero membrane phase and permeability properties of sperm with their ability to survive freezing and thawing. In addition, biomolecular stability of freeze-dried sperm and physical properties of glasses for dry preservation have been investigated. We discovered that ice formation triggers a membrane phase transition, which is dependent on the ice nucleation temperature, the cooling rate, and the type of cryoprotective agent that is used. Freezing-induced membrane phase changes were used to investigate the cell membrane permeability to water allowing prediction of optimal cooling rates for cryopreservation. Furthermore, we discovered that membranes become permeable for molecules for which they are normally impermeable during freezing, while the cells survive freezing zu beladen. We found that simply exposing cells to freezing can thus be used to load cells with membrane impermeable lyoprotective agents, such as sucrose or trehalose, which preserves chromatin in freeze-dried sperm even under accelerated aging conditions. Whereas in the first phase of this project water and solute transport processes have been predominantly studied at the cellular and membrane level, in the next phase this will be extended to the tissue level and multiple component solutions. Membrane transport parameters of oocytes for water and cryoprotective agents will be determined from cell volume responses in a microfluidic device. Membrane permeabilization during loading cells with cryoprotective agents will be investigated by studying uptake of membrane-impermeable molecules. It is planned to investigate if sodium ions also pass membranes during freezing and if freezing in reduced sodium increases cryosurvival. Diffusion of protective molecules in ovarian tissues and concomitant dehydration will be investigated to develop a mass transport model, which will allow to correlate distribution of protectants with cryosuriviva. Storage stability of cryopreserved specimens will be investigated by studying molecular mobility and membrane transport processes near the glass transition temperature with the aim to develop formulations allowing cryogenic storage at higher temperatures.

Funding: Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt (DBU), 289.350 EUR

Project Details:
Artenreiche Grünlandflächen enthalten auch toxische Pflanzenarten wie Jakobs-Greiskraut (Senecio jacobaea) und Herbst-Zeitlose (Colchicum autumnale), wodurch solche Standorte als Mähwiese zur Futterproduktion auf Grund des Tiergesundheitsrisikos unbrauchbar werden.
Daher wird im ersten Teil des Projekts die Ursache für das Aufkommen dieser Giftpflanzen untersucht. Welche Rolle spielen Bodenparameter und Vegetation bei der heterogenen Verteilung der Pflanzenarten auf einer Wiese und gibt es Unterschiede im Toxingehalt innerhalb der Greiskraut- und Zeitlosen-Population?
Der zweite Teil des Projekts umfasst einen Tierversuch, bei dem die Aufnahme oder Selektion von Greiskraut und Zeitlose und zusätzlich Johanniskraut; Hypericum perforatum) im Heu bei einer ad libitum Fütterung von Pferden untersucht wird. Um gesundheitliche Risiken auszuschließen, führt eine mögliche Aufnahme zum Ausschluss des Tieres aus dem Versuch, weshalb das Fressverhalten genau beobachtet und zusätzlich mit Kameraaufnahmen überwacht wird.

Cooperation Partners:

Gesellschaft für Naturschutz und Auenentwicklung e.V. (GNA),

Veterinärmedizinische Fakultät Universität Leipzig

Funding: DFG Sonderforschungsbereich 900 "Mirkobielle Persistenz und seine Kontrolle""", 215.000 EUR

Project Details:
The early steps of hepatitis C virus (HCV) cell entry involve a complex interplay between the incoming virion and host cell expressed factors. Key host factors in the early phase of HCV cell entry include scavenger receptor class B member 1 (SR-BI), low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and CD81. Work from the previous funding period has revealed how genetic variation in one host factor, the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) receptor SR-BI, can modulate HCV infection, while highlighting at the same time that to fully understand the mechanisms of early HCV-cell interactions a broader view of the host cell molecules involved is required. In particular, others and we demonstrated that HCV host factors interact with each other and with cholesterol and this critically determines susceptibility. Moreover, we have identified CD81-binding partners calpain-5 (CAPN5) and casitas B-lineage lymphoma proto-oncogene b (CBLB) as novel modulators of HCV entry.
The proposed project for the next funding period has the overarching goal to better characterize how the host factors involved in the early phase of HCV entry interact with the virus and each other, and how these interactions are modulated by genetic and pharmacological factors. The project has four parts: (1) We will evaluate coding SR-BI and CD81 variants in a LDLR/SR-BI negative or - respectively - CD81 negative context for their effect on the HCV replication cycle and especially the early phase of cell entry in vitro. (2) We will determine how selected CD81 variants influence the interaction between CD81 and SR-BI and to what extent this mechanistically explains cell entry phenotypes. Here we will cooperate with project A6 (Pietschmann) which focusesl conversely on variation in SR-BI and membrane cholesterol content. (3) We will investigate how statins and other lipid lowering drugs including the new and highly potent monoclonal antibodies directed at proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), a key regulator of LDLR subcellular localization and function, impact HCV infection. Specifically, we will address the impact on the expression level of SR-BI, LDLR and CD81 and on membrane and cellular cholesterol content of hepatocytes as well as the impact of statin therapy on viral load and hepatic inflammation in patients with chronic hepatitis C. (4) Finally, we will extend our analysis to newly identified CD81 interaction partners CAPN5 and CBLB and their role in HCV cell entry and receptor complex regulation beginning with the generation of human variants to probe whether they impact CD81 and SR-BI interactions as well as HCV infection. Taken together, this work holds the promise of a deeper understanding of the mechanistic role of established and newly discovered HCV entry factors during the early phase of HCV cell entry, its modulation by host genetic variants and non-genetic host factors such as exposure to lipid metabolism-modulating drugs and thus of interindividual variability in the course of chronic hepatitis C.

Results:

https://www.sfb900.de/en/

Cooperation Partners:

Prof. Dr. Thomas von Hahn, Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Endokrinologie und Institut für Molekularbiologie - Medizinische Hochschule Hannover

Funding: DFG, 215.000 EUR

Project Details:
The early steps of hepatitis C virus (HCV) cell entry involve a complex interplay between the incoming virion and host cell expressed factors. Key host factors in the early phase of HCV cell entry include scavenger receptor class B member 1 (SR-BI), low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and CD81. Work from the previous funding period has revealed how genetic variation in one host factor, the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) receptor SR-BI, can modulate HCV infection, while highlighting at the same time that to fully understand the mechanisms of early HCV-cell interactions a broader view of the host cell molecules involved is required. In particular, others and we demonstrated that HCV host factors interact with each other and with cholesterol and this critically determines susceptibility. Moreover, we have identified CD81-binding partners calpain-5 (CAPN5) and casitas B-lineage lymphoma proto-oncogene b (CBLB) as novel modulators of HCV entry.
The proposed project for the next funding period has the overarching goal to better characterize how the host factors involved in the early phase of HCV entry interact with the virus and each other, and how these interactions are modulated by genetic and pharmacological factors. The project has four parts: (1) We will evaluate coding SR-BI and CD81 variants in a LDLR/SR-BI negative or - respectively - CD81 negative context for their effect on the HCV replication cycle and especially the early phase of cell entry in vitro. (2) We will determine how selected CD81 variants influence the interaction between CD81 and SR-BI and to what extent this mechanistically explains cell entry phenotypes. Here we will cooperate with project A6 (Pietschmann) which focusesl conversely on variation in SR-BI and membrane cholesterol content. (3) We will investigate how statins and other lipid lowering drugs including the new and highly potent monoclonal antibodies directed at proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), a key regulator of LDLR subcellular localization and function, impact HCV infection. Specifically, we will address the impact on the expression level of SR-BI, LDLR and CD81 and on membrane and cellular cholesterol content of hepatocytes as well as the impact of statin therapy on viral load and hepatic inflammation in patients with chronic hepatitis C. (4) Finally, we will extend our analysis to newly identified CD81 interaction partners CAPN5 and CBLB and their role in HCV cell entry and receptor complex regulation beginning with the generation of human variants to probe whether they impact CD81 and SR-BI interactions as well as HCV infection. Taken together, this work holds the promise of a deeper understanding of the mechanistic role of established and newly discovered HCV entry factors during the early phase of HCV cell entry, its modulation by host genetic variants and non-genetic host factors such as exposure to lipid metabolism-modulating drugs and thus of interindividual variability in the course of chronic hepatitis C.

Cooperation Partners:

Prof. Dr. Thomas von Hahn

Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Endokrinologie und Institut für Molekularbiologie - Medizinische Hochschule Hannover

Project Details:
Respiratory multifactorial diseases cause problems in swine populations worldwide. Pathogens as porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae)may be involved in disease development in combination with management, husbandry, and environmental factors. In a conventional farm, where piglets were not vaccinated against PCV2, it will be examined to what extent the introduction of vaccination against PCV2 has an effect on animal health. In addition the effect of the used combinaory vaccine (PCV2+M.hyopneumoniae) will be evaluated in comparison to simultaneously administered mono- vaccines against PCV2 and M. hyopneumoniae.
In a two-phase trial, 524 (phase 1) or 521 (phase 2) clinically healthy piglets are included at the first week of life. In the first phase, performance parameters will be compared in animals vaccinated against M. hyopneumoniae only (group A) or vaccinated against PCV2 and M. hyopneumoniae (group B). In phase 2, vaccinations against PCV2 and M. hyopneumoniae with different vaccines are compared (groups C and D). Performance parameters recorded will include total losses, daily weight gains during suckling, rearing, and fattening, and pathogen loads in serum (PCV2) or tracheobronchial secretions (M. hyopneumoniae). In addition, lungs are assessed at slaughter.

Funding: Ministerium für Energiewende, Landwirtschaft, Umwelt, Natur und Digitalisierung des Landes Schleswig Holstein., 10.000 EUR

Project Details:
Dieses Projekt hat zum Ziel, geeignete Tötungsmethoden für Ferkel unter 30 kg, bei denen aus Tierschutzgründen eine Tötung erforderlich ist, hinsichtlich ihres praktischen Einsatzes im Betrieb zu bewerten.

Funding: DFG, 449.000 EUR

Project Details:
In this research project, the effects of Ascaris suum infections in pigs on the intestinal transport of nutrients will be investigated. This will be achieved by in vitro measurements on intact epithelium via the electrophysiological response after mucosal addition of nutrients, via flux studies using radiolabelled substrates and via uptake studies in membrane vesicles of the luminal and basolateral membrane of enterocytes. These functional studies are complemented by molecular biology studies on the expression of the transport systems (quantitative RT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry).

Results:

Koehler, S., Springer, A., Issel, N., Klinger, S., Wendt, M., Breves, G., Strube, C. (2023) Effects of adult Ascaris suum and their antigens (total and trans-cuticular excretory-secretory antigen, cuticular somatic antigen) on intestinal nutrient transport in vivo. Parasitology 150, 78-87

 

Koehler, S., Springer, A., Issel, N., Klinger, S., Wendt, M., Breves, G., Strube, C. (2021) Ascaris suum nutrient uptake and metabolic release, and modulation of host intestinal nutrient transport by excretory-secretory and cuticle antigens in vitro. Pathogens 10, 1419

 

Koehler, S., Springer, A., Issel, N., Klinger, S., Strube, C., Breves, G. (2021) Changes in porcine nutrient transport physiology in response to Ascaris suum infection. Parasite & Vectors 14, 533