Research

Funding: Bundesanstalt für Landwirtschaft und Ernährung, 155.514 EUR

Project Details:
In this project, the focus is on analysing the interrelationships between animal welfare and environmental protection in dairy farming. The aim of the project is to consider the three factors "low emissions, high walking comfort and long-lived cows"" in a three-year study phase in the Chamber of Agriculture's trial barn at Haus Riswick. "

Cooperation Partners:

- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Institut für Landtechnik

- Landwirtschaftskammer Nordrhein-Westfalen, Haus Riswick

Project Details:
Kniegelenkserkrankungen kommen bei Pferden regelmäßig vor. Bei der ultrasonographischen Untersichung ihrer Menisken entstehen akustische Artefakte, die mit krankhaften Befunden verwechselt werden können. In dieser Studie sollen ultrasonographische Befunde an Menisken von Pferden ohne Kniegelenkserkrankung mit anatomischen und feingeweblichen Befunden verglichen werden, um eine bessere Abgrenzung zwischen normalen Ultraschall-Befunden mit den üblichen akustischen Artefakten einerseits und pathologischen Veränderungen andererseits zu ermöglichen. Durch eine Einteilung der Präparate in verschiedene Lebensaltersgruppen wird zudem eine Einordnung alterungsbedingter morphologischer Veränderungen am Meniskus erwartet.

Results:

Geburek, F., Bodem, L., Staszyk, C.

Tears or Artifacts? Comparison between normal ultrasound and macro-anatomy of the medial femorotibial meniscus.

In: Scientific Abstracts of the 29th Annual Scientific Meeting of the ECVS. Vet. Surg. 2020, 49(S2), p. O195

https://doi.org/10.1111/vsu.13478

Cooperation Partners:

Prof. Dr. C. Staszyk, Institut für Veterinär-Anatomie, -Histologie und -Embryologie, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen

Funding: DFG Collaborative Research Centre (SFB) 1270 (2017-2025) ?Electrically Active Implants? ELAINE.

Project Details:
Der dtsz Hamster ist ein hervorragend charakterisiertes Modell für die Dystonie, der Gendefekt ist jedoch nicht bekannt. Eine Identifikation des Effektes ist wichtig zum Verständnis der Pathophysiologie der Dystonie und zur Therapieentwicklung. In diesem Projekt werden Genom und Transkriptom des Modells sequenziert und auf Gendefekte hin untersucht.

Project Details:
Part A.) Warmblood horses without back pain are trained three times per week up to 30 minutes on a water treadmill. The remaining days the horses are in ridden training as usual. Back dimensions are objectively assessed at week 0, 3, 6 and 9 by using a flexible curved ruler. The cross-sectional areas of the deep muscles (Mm. multifidi) are determined by ultrasound examination.

Part B.) Warmblood riding horses with clinical signs of back pain are randomized into three groups to participate in a 6-week water treadmill, lunge training or dry treadmill training program at otherwise same conditions. A structured clinical examination of the thoracic and lumbar back region is performed independently by two clinicians at 3 time points (baseline, week 3, 6). Mechanical nociceptive thresholds (MNT) are determined with pressure algometry.

Results:

Part B) In horses with back pain visual muscle development scores for the lumbar region (p=0.001) and palpation sensitivity scores along the thoracic and lumbar region significantly improved at week 6, compared to baseline (p<0.001). No differences in mechanical nociceptive thresholds were detected between water treadmill training, lunging and dry treadmill training at any time-point (p>0.05). At week 3 and 6 of all programs mechanical nociceptive thresholds significantly increased at the level of the 10th to 18th thoracic (T18) and 3rd lumbar vertebra (L3) compared to baseline.

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12917-025-04950-2

Project Details:
Pferde mit Erkrankungen im Ursprungsbereich des M. interosseus medius der Hintergliedmaßen, welche eine klinische Lahmheit zeigen, können röntgenologische Veränderungen im Knochen von Os metatarsale III (Mt III) aufweisen. Es werden jedoch auch bei lahmfreien Pferden röntgenologische Veränderungen in dieser Region festgestellt. Bisher gibt es keine Studie, die sich mit röntgenologischen Veränderungen im proximalen Bereich des Mt III an lahmfreien Pferden befasst. Es ist daher auch nicht ausreichend bekannt, welche langfristige Prognose diese möglichen Veränderungen haben. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es im ersten Schritt, den Zustand der röntgenologischen Veränderungen im proximalen Bereich des Mt III bei Köraspiranten zu erfassen. Im zweiten Schritt soll der Werdegang der Tiere nach der Körung bzw. Nichtkörung erfasst werden.

Project Details:
Zystoide Defekte im Skelettsystem des Pferdes sind durch eine verminderte Röntgendichte charakterisiert. Häufig sind sie von einem sklerotischen Randsaum umgeben. Sie treten an einer oder multiplen Lokalisationen auf und meist sind sie im subchondralen Knochen des gewichtstragenden Teils des Gelenkes zu finden. Sie können eine Lahmheitsursache darstellen, führen aber nicht zwangsläufig zu einer Lahmheit des Pferdes. Zystoide Defekte werden mitunter als Zufallsbefund im Rahmen einer Ankaufsuntersuchung erhoben, da hier das lahmfreie Pferd einer röntgenologischen Untersuchung unterzogen wird. Findet der Röntgen-Leitfaden (2018) Anwendung, wird ein zystoider Defekt als Risikobefund gewertet und führt in der Regel zu einer negativen Kaufentscheidung. Die Einstufung als Risiko-Befund basiert jedoch überwiegend auf Veröffentlichungen und Erfahrungen über zystoide Defekte im Zusammenhang mit Lahmheit, da über Zysten als Zufallsbefund bei lahmfreien Pferden sehr viel weniger Daten vorliegen. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es daher, die gesundheitliche Entwicklung von Pferde mit zystoiden Defekten zu ermittelt, welche zum Zeitpunkt der röntgenologischen Untersuchung lahmfrei waren. Ergänzend zu dieser Grundfragestellung soll versucht werden, eine differenzierte Aussage zu den unterschiedlichen Ausprägungen der zystoiden Defekte im Hinblick auf die gesundheitliche Entwicklung zu treffen.

Funding: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), 458.064 EUR

Project Details:
Based on the results of the joint research project, the proposed interdisciplinary follow-up project aims to develop a customised hip prosthesis made of the additively processed titanium alloy Ti-6Al-7Nb (Ti67) with multi-biofunctional surface areas.The biocompatibility and load-compatible design of the implant are achieved by parameter adjustments in powder bed-based selective laser beam melting (LPBF) to create porous as well as geometrically defined surfaces with subsequent PVD thin films. The systems TiN, TiCN, and a-C:Ag, which were investigated in the first funding period, will be used as thin film material, as they differ fundamentally and allow local adaptation of the surface properties. By adding copper, higher strength, ductility, and anisotropy of the additively processed Ti67 are to be adjusted. In addition, the influence of copper on coatability and biocompatibility is addressed. To adjust the stiffness and surface properties locally, the process parameters of the LPBF process are varied so that areas of different porosity and roughness can be produced. In the additively manufactured hip prosthesis, the femoral head and acetabulum are in tribological contact, so the acetabulum possesses bone-like properties by having a porous inner and dense outer structure, while the ceramic femoral head is attached modularly to the hip stem. Since a mechanical support effect of the substrate material is required for PVD thin films, the extent to which the porous inner structure affects the friction and wear behaviour of the coated Ti67 parts is investigated. The interaction between the surface properties of the additively processed Ti67 and the applied PVD thin films as well as the influence on the mechanical, biocompatible and corrosion behaviour are the focus of the investigations. In the area of the hip shaft, it is expected that the porous structures and defined surface roughness in combination with a PVD thin film will lead to bone cell growth being stimulated while at the same time preventing biofilm formation. To be able to specifically adapt the influence of the thin films on the different implant areas, bioassays (including the establishment of Western-Blot-Investigations for the early characterisation of the influence of the thin film on signalling cascades in the cells) are being established in-vitro. In addition, infection scenarios are planned to simulate and control the influence of thin films on bacterial colonisation. With the knowledge gained, a prosthesis true to reality with defined roughness and porosity, including PVD thin film, will be manufactured and tested close to the application. This will verify and demonstrate the potential of the presented approach.

Results:

https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/415285024?language=de

Funding: DFG Zi 345/27-1, 328.407 EUR

Project Details:
The aim of this project is to explore for the first time the processes underlying vocal flexibility of a highly vocal and phylogenetically basal primate across development. Previous research of our group revealed that the mouse lemur, a phylogenetically basal primate, exhibits an unexpectedly high degree of vocal flexibility in early ontogeny, which decreases in further development. Our project proposes three different and interrelated work packages by which we will address major components of these unexplored processes. The presence and role of babbling and vocal turn-taking during development, as well as potential determinants, modifying vocal output during development, will be assessed by early and dense sampling of vocal production and standardized bioacoustic and videografic behavioral approaches, using a dataset of 26 developing infants and their 13 mothers. Machine learning, including deep neural network approaches, will be applied to investigate the extent to which the dynamics of vocal development and potential rules can be assessed automatically. Excised larynx experiments and related anatomical and MicroCT-studies of the vocal tract as well as high-speed videorecordings of mouth and tongue movements during vocal production will be performed to uncover the mechanics of vocal production and potential biomechanical constraints in vocal flexibility. Integrating of datasets will allow the validation of the respective methods. The project provides an important empirical basis for comparative research on mammalian vocal communication and contributes to unravel the evolutionary roots of vocal flexibility in primate communication as an important building block for the evolution of human speech and language.

Results:

e.g.,

 

Langehennig-Peristenidou A, Scheumann M (2024). Sex differences in the impact of social relationships on individual vocal signatures in grey mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus). Philosophical Transaction of the Royal Society B, 379, 20230193. DOI:10.1098/rstb.2023.0193.

 

Langehennig-Peristenidou, A.; Romero-Mujalli, D.; Bergmann, T.; Scheumann, M. (2023). Features of animal babbling in the vocal ontogeny of the gray mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus). Scientific reports, 13(1), 21384.

 

Romero-Mujalli, D.; Bergmann, T.; Zimmermann, A.; & Scheumann, M. (2021). Utilizing DeepSqueak for automatic detection and classification of mammalian vocalizations: a case study on primate vocalizations. Scientific reports, 11(1), 1-15.

 

Scheumann, M.; Linn, S.; Zimmermann, E. (2017). Vocal greeting during mother-infant reunions in a nocturnal primate, the gray mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus). Scientific Reports 7: 10321. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10417-8.

Cooperation Partners:

Prof. Coen Elemans (Institute of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark)

Prof. Tecumseh Fitch and Christian Herbst, PhD (Department of Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria)

Prof. Axel Zimmermann (University of Aalen, Aalen, Germany)

Dr. Roland Frey (Leibniz Institut für Zoo- und Wildtierforschung, Berlin, Germany)

Funding: VolkswagenStiftung, 6.569 EUR

Project Details:
The project aims to employ modern genetic tools to identify lemur populations of high conservation value to help prioritizing conservation efforts and to develop and implement conservation strategy for the most threatened and valuable lemur populations. The following points constitute the major project objectives: Objective 1: Identify and sample suitable populations of two lemur model species in the study region. Objective 2: Characterize the populations with regard to their genetic diversity, genetic uniqueness, and genetic connectivity to identify the site(s) with the highest conservation value and concern.

Cooperation Partners:

Dr. Fano Ratsoavina, Universität Antananarivo, Madagaskar

Jun.Prof. Helena Teixeira, PhD, Universität Montpellier, Frankreich

Funding: BMBF - DLR Projektträger, Teilprojekt aus dem BIODIVERSA Programm der EU, 301.195 EUR

Project Details:
The global biodiversity crisis that is affecting ecosystems worldwide is a major subject of concern and is expected to worsen with ongoing global changes. Climate change together with other anthropogenic factors will lead to the displacement of many favorable environments in the next decades owing to fast altitudinal and latitudinal shifts, with greatest predicted impacts in biodiversity hotspots. These shifts will lead to an increase in Habitat Loss and Fragmentation (HL&F), the main threats to Biodiversity worldwide. There is therefore a need to understand the consequences of HL&F, and to identify the barriers to gene flow at various spatial and temporal scales. We study HL&F in the context of past and future environmental changes, across taxa and regions. We use Madagascar as a model region and use comparative genomic analyses to infer generalizable critical features of ecological networks across various taxonomic and spatial scales. In particular, we identify barriers to gene flow based on genomic datasets and study the effects of forest fragmentation on the vegetation, and the abundance and parasite load of two mouse lemur and two rodent species.

Results:

Mercado-Malabet, F.; Ramsay, M.S.; Chell, C.; Andriatsitohaina, B.; Radespiel, U.; Lehman, S.M. (2024). Where the small things are: Modelling edge effects on mouse lemur population density and distribution in northwestern Madagascar. Am. J. Primatol., 87, e23621. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.23621.

 

Ramsay, M.S.; Sgarlata, G.; Barratt, C.D.; Salmona, J.; Andriatsitohaina, B.; Kiene, F.; Manzi, S.; Ramilison, M.L.; Rakotondravony, R.; Chikhi, L.; Lehman, S.M.; Radespiel, U. (2023): Effects of forest fragmentation on connectivity and genetic diversity in an endemic and an invasive rodent in northwestern Madagascar. Genes, 14(7), 1451. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14071451.

 

Kiene, F.; Springer, A.; Andriatsitohaina, B.; Ramsay, M.S.; Rakotondravony, R.; Strube, C.*; Radespiel, U.* (2023): Filarial infections in lemurs: Evidence for a wide geographical distribution and low host specificity among lemur species. Am. J. Primatol., 85(2), e23458. DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23458 (*: joint senior authors)

 

Kiene, F.; Antriatsitohaina B.; Ramsay, M.S.; Rakotondravony, R.; Strube, C.*; Radespiel, U.* (2021): Habitat fragmentation and vegetation structure impact gastrointestinal parasites of small mammalian hosts in Madagascar. Ecology and Evolution 11, 6766-6788. Doi: 10.1002/ece3.7526.

 

Andriatsitohaina, B.; Romero-Mujalli, D.; Ramsay, M.S.; Kiene, F.; Rasoloharijaona, S.; Rakotondravony, R.; Lehman, S.M.; Radespiel, U. (2020): Effects of habitat edges on vegetation structure and the vulnerable golden-brown mouse lemur (Microcebus ravelobensis) in northwestern Madagascar. BMC Ecology 20, 69. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12898-020-00337-z.

Cooperation Partners:

Dr. Lounès Chikhi, IGC, Oeiras, Portugal

Prof. Olivier Mazet, Universität Toulouse, Frankreich

Dr. Guillaume Besnard, Universität Toulouse, Frankreich

Dr. Jordi Salmona, Universität Toulouse, Frankreich

Prof. Shawn Lehman, Universität Toronto, Canada

Dr. Romule Rakotondravony, Universität Mahajanga, Madagaskar

Prof. Solofonirina Rasoloharijaona, Universität Mahajanga, Madagaskar

Travis Steffens, PhD, University of Guelph, Canada; Planet Madagascar