Research

Funding: Bundesanstalt für Landwirtschaft und Ernährung (BLE), 554.060 EUR

Project Details:
Bacterial diarrhoeal diseases in pigs are of great economic importance, affect animal welfare in all age groups and contribute significantly to the use of antibiotics in pig. Of the seven Brachyspira species found in pigs, most diarrhoeal diseases are triggered by the species Brachyspira hyodsenteriae (BHY) and Brachyspira pilosicoli (BPI). Treatment of diarrhoea caused by brachyspiral infections is very time-consuming and only a small number of microbial agents are approved for treatment. The significance of differences in the pathogenic potential of different bacterial isolates and the influence of the genetic background of the pig is still unknown. Therefore, a reassessment of the brachyspirial infection to improve the animal welfare and reduce the use of antibiotics is needed. Consequently, the aim of the present project is to understand the pathogenesis of Brachyspira using our established in vitro intestinal organoid model. In addition, the influence of different Brachyspira species and the influence of different genetic backgrounds of the pigs will be investigated.

Funding: BLE, 812.500 EUR

Project Details:
Pig diseases and injuries occur in all housing systems. Intensive care or treatment does not always result in healing so that animals have to be killed to avoid further pain or suffering. The Animal Protection Act fundamentally stipulates the protection of animal lives and well-being. In the case of serious diseases or injuries, the deci-sion which subject of protection needs to be preferred is inevitable. For pig farmers, the decision concerning killing an animal is considerably challenging. The aim of this project is to define simply collectable and valid criteria with which the well-being of diseased pigs can be accurately assessed and a responsible, justified decision can be made regarding the killing. The criteria should define the earliest possible time-point in the course of a disease at which an impairment of the well-being for protecting life is no longer acceptable and emergency killing becomes inevitable. The decision regarding the killing requires in addition an ethical evaluation, which includes safeguarding interests of the pig owners. The project should depict the complex process of decision-making concerning the killing of diseased pigs exem-plary for relevant diseases or injuries. Diseased or injured pigs of various age groups should be monitored during the entire course of disease by means of clinical exam-inations and supplementary photo and video documentation in order to generate data sets, which make a decision regarding the killing understandable. Finally, prac-ticable, illness-/injury-specific criteria catalogues should be compiled for livestock pigs and integrated in a training concept. A further aim of the project is to analyse the reasons why pig farmers have wrongly assessed the health status of affected animals. The training concept should therefore directly deal with these reasons.

Cooperation Partners:

ISN Projekt GmbH, Damme

Funding: MWK über Universität Göttingen, 439.500 EUR

Project Details:
Das Projekt befasst sich mit der Auswirkung einer SARS-CoV-2-Infektion auf die Integrität der Epithelien im Respirationstrakt, mit besonderem Fokus auf die Spätfolgen der Infektion und die Regenerationsfähigkeit. Hierzu wird ein Langzeitversuch im Hamstermodell durchgeführt, in dessen Rahmen Daten für zwei Kernarbeitspakete generiert werden. Im ersten Arbeitspaket werden Auswirkungen auf das ziliierte Epithel in den luftleitenden Wegen untersucht, während das zweite Arbeitspaket sich mit der Schädigung und Regeneration des Alveolarepithels und der daraus resultierenden Folgen für die Lungenfunktion, den Sauerstoffaustausch und die Belastungstoleranz beschäftigt. Zur Auswertung kommt ein breites Spektrum von Analysemethoden zum Einsatz, inklusive funktioneller, pathologischer, virologischer und molekularbiologischer Methoden. Der holistische Ansatz wird unser Verständnis der Pathogenese der Spätfolgen einer COVID-19-Erkrankung maßgeblich erweitern und stellt eine wichtige Voraussetzung für die Entwicklung von Therapieansätzen dar.

Cooperation Partners:

Universität Göttingen

Funding: MWK über Universität Göttingen, 266.300 EUR

Project Details:
Das Mikrobiom der Lunge erfüllt, obwohl signifikant kleiner als das des Darms, eine bedeutende Funktion bei der Regulation der lokalen Immunantwort. Aktuelle Studien zeigten außerdem das SARS-CoV-2 Infektionen bei Betroffenen zu einer Veränderung in der Zusammensetzung des Lungenmikrobioms führen. Im Rahmen des Projektes soll untersucht werden, ob eine durch eine gezielte Manipulation des Lungenmikrobioms ausgelöste Verschiebung der Typ-1-Interferon-Reaktivität in der Lunge die systemische Anfälligkeit für eine SARS-CoV-2-Infektion beeinflusst. Während in der ersten Phase eine genauere Untersuchung der Rolle des Lungenmikrobioms bei der Regulation der homöostatischen Immunantwort erfolgt, wird in der zweiten Phase des Projektes darauf aufbauend die Rolle der Lungenmikrobiota bei der Regulierung der lokalen und systemischen Immunantwort im Rahmen einer SARS-CoV-2-Infektion untersucht. Wenn die in diesen Experimenten gewonnen Daten darauf hindeuten, dass Veränderungen im Lungenmikrobiom einen Einfluss auf den Verlauf der Infektion haben, soll in einem letzten Experiment der Einsatz von Probiotika als pharmakologische Behandlung von SARS-CoV-2-Infektion erprobt werden.

Cooperation Partners:

Universität Göttingen

Funding: DFG-Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, 210.700 EUR

Project Details:
Marine mammals are infected by a variety of endo- and ectoparasites which face multiple challenges when having to attach to their host. Arthropod parasites of marine mammals have developed specialized anatomical adaptations, to secure their hold on aquatic hosts, and sophisticated strategies, to enable transmission between vagile pelagic and amphibious wildlife. We have chosen three arthropod species that have adapted differently to their marine hosts: seal lice, as hematophagous insects of terrestrial origin and whale lice, as amphipod crustaceans of marine origin, as well as respiratory mites from the airways of seals. All three species have motile larvae that are transmitted during bodily contact of host individuals. Their exoskeleton has evolved by adapting materials and design to survive on gregarious and diving marine mammals. Little is known about biology of marine mammal arthropod parasites, but even less about physical aspects of their life in this challenging environment. Novel approaches are required to provide more insight in structural design and mechanical properties and knowledge on physical principles of their attachment and locomotion. State of the art instrumentation, such as micro-CT, confocal laser scanning microscopy and Cryo-SEM will provide basic knowledge on morphological adaptations of parasites that enable their attachment to hosts during dives, haul-out and how they endure currents and social interactions. The locomotive abilities of the different life cycle stages on various surfaces and developed features of insect, crustacean and arachnid species are compared to understand functional morphology of their locomotory system. Parasites reduce the fitness of their host most obviously at the interface between parasite and host. Whale lice impede healing processes of skin wounds and seal lice are vectors for filarial and viral diseases. We will investigate the host-parasite interface using histopathology of infected tissues to define the structural damage to host tissues. Friction and adhesion forces maintained by the different parasite species are investigated by custom made microforce testing devices. The envisaged project will provide knowledge on relationships between structure, material properties and attachment performance of attachment devices in selected arthropod parasite species. Data on their locomotion and recruitment dynamics will be studied for the first time and the results will provide new avenues for development of biologically-inspired surfaces and systems specialized for enhancement or reduction of frictional or adhesive forces. New data on the properties of attachment devices in different ontogenetic stages and their role in the life cycle can potentially reveal interesting veterinary aspects.

Funding: Landwirtschaftskammer Niedersachsen, 273.008 EUR

Project Details:
Currently, broiler barns are usually built with one single outer shell. This building design comes with several problems. The first problem is ensuring a sufficient amount of air supply. The second problem is high energy and water requirements. If the speed and volume of the incoming air is insufficient, the cold air will fall directly into the animal area. This causes hypothermia of the animals and an increase in litter moisture. The main reason for insufficient air supply is insufficient negative pressure. Reasons for insufficient negative pressure are leaks in the outer shell and an increased use of gas cannons with warm air blowers.
In this project, a new building design with two outer shells is built and tested. This new type of building should lead to an optimal, constant climate in the barn so that the animals are not exposed to strong climatic fluctuations. Furthermore, the construction and the more constant barn climate enable considerable savings in gas, electricity and water.

Cooperation Partners:

Stalltuning GmbH

Praxisbetrieb

Funding: Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz, 252.002 EUR

Project Details:
Viruses can be inactivated in the airborne state and additionally in heated filter elements without using chemical processes (ozonization, ionization) and without producing toxic waste (mercury from UVC lamps). However, information about the use of short time heat exposition to inactivate airborne viruses are very scarce. Information about synergistic effects of temperature and pressure on airborne viruses in ventilation systems are still lacking. Therefore, studying the effects of both, heat and pressure on the infectivity of virus aerosols will help to increase the understanding of virus stability in air.
This subproject aims to study the effect of both, heat and pressure on airborne test viruses in an energyefficient
machine-optimized system operating with air exchange rates that are sufficient to clean air in open space offices, for instance.

Cooperation Partners:

SCHEER Heizsysteme & Produktionstechnik GmbH

Chausseestraße 6, D-25797 Wöhrden

Projektkoordinator: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Constantin Kinias

Funding: DFG, 90.000 EUR

Project Details:
VIPER-Immunity against CNS infections caused by the Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV)

Funding: MWK, 439.545 EUR

Project Details:
Flex-Fund project in the COVID-19 research network Lower Saxony:
Mechanisms of short- and long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the integrity of respiratory tract epithelia

Results:

https://www.umg.eu/forschung/corona/cofoni/

Funding: Deutsche Forschungsgesellschaft (DFG), 110.700 EUR

Project Details:
Tetraspanins are evolutionary conserved integral membrane proteins of 200-350 amino acid lengths. Through their large extracellular loop they mediate protein - protein and protein - lipid interactions in cellular membranes thereby shaping membrane microdomains called ?tetraspanin webs?. In humans and mice 33 tetraspanins are described and mosquito species express at least 15 tetraspanin orthologs. In mammalian cells, tetraspanins are host co-factors for several viruses including papillomaviruses, influenza virus, hepatitis C virus, HIV-1 and coronaviruses (Gerold et al., 2015; Bruening et al. 2018; Banse et al., 2018; Alberione et al. 2020; Palor et al., 2020). For hepatitis C virus, colleagues and we showed that the tetraspanin CD81 is a host range determining factor (Vogt et al. 2013; Scull et al., 2015; von Schaewen et al., 2016).
The proposed project aims at characterizing in detail, which of the 33 human tetraspanins in addition to CD81 are host factors for alphaviruses and whether tetraspanins from reservoir species, dead end host species and transmitting mosquito vectors serve as host factors of alphaviruses. Thereby the work will contribute to the understanding of the molecular composition and function of alphavirus replication complexes and determine the role of tetraspanins in species range, transmission and consequently emergence of alphaviruses.