Overview of research projects

Funding: Ministerium für Energiewende, Klimaschutz, Umwelt und Natur des Landes Schleswig-Holstein, 64.600 EUR

Project Details:
Raccoon dogs and raccoons are neozoa, invasive species that are not originally situated in Germany. Both species are potential reservoirs for infectious diseases and as oppotunistic carnivores they can also influence our native fauna as predators and competitors.
In our project we investigated in total 140 animals over two years. We want to analyse the influence and the risk of these alien species on our native fauna. Therefore, we want to assess the health status, especially the occurance of zoonotic and infectious diseases and the nutrition of the animals.
The analysis of the samples and data is still ongoing. All animals underwent a full necropsy and the analysis of histopathological, bacteriological, virological, parasitological and toxicological samples is taking place. In addition, stomach content analysis and age determination is done.

Results:

https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/12/12/1379

Funding: Ministerium für Energiewende, Klimaschutz, Umwelt und Natur des Landes Schleswig-Holstein (MEKUN), 48.739 EUR

Project Details:
Harbor porpoises are the only native cetacean species in the waters of the North Sea and Baltic Sea of Schleswig-Holstein. Harbor porpoise habitat is under increasing pressure from growing human activities, which include, for example, shipping, offshore construction, military and seismic activities, fishing, changes in food availability, and exposure to environmental pollutants. Recent studies have now shown that the mean age at death of female harbor porpoises from the Baltic Sea is 3.67 (+/-0.30) years and from the North Sea is 5.7 (+/-0.27) years, and this is despite the fact that harbor porpoises can live over 20 years and do not reach sexual maturity until 3-5 years of age. Furthermore, counts of harbor porpoises in the German North Sea have shown that the number of animals in these waters is decreasing, including in the reproduction areas off Sylt. Studies conducted on 24 harbor porpoises from the Baltic Sea after blasts from British landmines showed that 10 of the animals had characteristic blast trauma. The dead detection monitoring funded by the Ministry for Energy Transition, Climate Protection, Environment and Nature, S.-H. (MEKUN) showed a very high number of dead harbor porpoises in the Baltic Sea also in 2021. The effects due to the pollution of environmental pollutants in waters of Schleswig-Holstein cannot be evaluated so far, because the required data is too limited. Chemical analyses for pollutants in the tissues of the animals have not yet been part of the regular investigations within the scope of the dead-find monitoring, but could be investigated in 2021 as part of a pilot study commissioned by MEKUN.
In order to gain new insights into the relationship between hearing damage and elevated levels of contaminants, this project will investigate specific contaminants in harbor porpoise tissues and examine the auditory apparatus of harbor porpoises found dead.

Results:

Bericht an das Ministerium für Energiewende, Klimaschutz, Umwelt und Natur des Landes Schleswig-Holstein

https://www.schleswig-holstein.de/DE/fachinhalte/A/artenschutz/Downloads/untersuchungSchweinswale2022.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=2

Funding: BMBF, 45.234 EUR

Project Details:
The focus is on the problem that we classify animals according to human standards, such as those we love and those we fight against. Protecting humans from diseases that originate in the animal kingdom requires measures that are maximally detrimental to animals. The retreat weeks will focus on current and controversial research into zoonoses. Ethics and moral philosophy must also provide answers to the question of what boundaries we should draw for ourselves in these difficult decisions and what criteria we should use as a basis. The results are to be bundled into a model that can be used both as a model for questions in the scientific community and as a touchstone for academic discourse on an appropriate relationship to the "animal"

Results:

Triggered by COVID-19, zoonoses have moved into the spotlight of public interest.

In zoonosis research in particular, it is important to weigh up the potential benefits for humans against the actual harm to laboratory animals.

During a retreat week, experts discussed and prepared helpful contributions on conflicts in the field of "zoonosis research on companion animals". Based on real case constellations, an argumentative path through the numerous value contradictions was shown, which represents an extreme condensation of fundamental animal ethical conflicts based on real, concrete scenarios.

The project initially dealt with the clarification of terms: what makes an animal a laboratory animal, what makes it a pet? Where do the terms overlap and what is the legal situation in different countries?

The special nature of companion animals in the context of zoonoses was explored in an ethical and scientific manner. Younger researchers in particular were confronted with the ethical aspect of zoonosis research for the first time and found an ethical exchange on the topic very helpful.

The results of the project were documented in the special issue of the Journal of Applied Animal Ethics Research published in fall 2023 and provide a good basis for a refined model for future interdisciplinary writing projects. A continuation of the project from summer 2024 in the form of European summer schools is planned.

Funding: Bundesamt für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie, BSH, 80.857 EUR

Project Details:
The aim of the research project is to answer scientific questions related to the effects of offshore wind farms on harbour porpoises in German waters. Therefore, both the sound-related effects on the population of harbour porpoises that occur during construction and the cumulative effects from the construction of offshore wind farms, for which an assessment concept will be developed (FP 2), will be investigated. The objective of this research project is to establish the cause-effect relationship between sound exposure and harbour porpoise occurrence as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of measures used to reduce effects on harbour porpoises (noise mitigation and deterrence). First, underwater noise recordings during the construction of offshore wind farms will be analysed with regard to the noise emission from the pile driving. Based on this data and considering physical area-specific parameters, the sound propagation will be modelled. The modelling enables to estimate noise emissions in the entire study area. A model will be used to determine whether the existing data are sufficient to explain effects on the occurrence of harbour porpoises. In a study, data will be identified, criteria established and, with a model, their applicability tested to investigate cumulative effects of offshore wind farm construction on the occurrence of harbour porpoises.
The work in this project will answer the following questions:
1)How can the effects of anthropogenic noise emissions during the construction of offshore wind turbines on harbor porpoises be assessed cumulatively?
2)Can the collected data on pile-driving noise, deterrence and porpoise detections as well as construction-related shipping sufficiently explain the effect of the construction work on the occurrence of harbour porpoises?
An evaluation that takes into account all constructed wind farms has not been carried out yet, but is imperative in the future, among other things to evaluate the success of the application and further developments of noise mitigation measures. The evaluation of the current noise mitigation concept and state of the art using data and findings from the previous projects make an important contribution to the planning of the upcoming further expansion of offshore wind energy.

Cooperation Partners:

JASCO Applied Sciences

Funding: Bundesamt für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie, BSH, 40.256 EUR

Project Details:
The aim of the research project is to answer scientific questions related to effects of offshore wind farms on harbour porpoises. Therefore, effects that occur during construction as well as cumulative effects from the construction of offshore wind farms will be investigated and an assessment concept will be developed. First, data from harbour porpoise click detectors are evaluated, which provide important information on the occurrence of harbour porpoises. The objective of this research project is to establish the cause-effect relationship between sound exposure and harbour porpoise occurrence as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of measures used to reduce effects on harbour porpoises (noise mitigation and deterrence).
The work in this project aims to answer the following question:
1)Are the applied noise mitigation measures during the construction of offshore wind farms sufficient to ensure the protection of the harbour porpoise?
An evaluation that takes into account all constructed wind farms has not been carried out yet, but is imperative in order to evaluate the success of the application and further developments of noise mitigation measures. The evaluation of the current noise mitigation concept and the state of the art using data and findings from previous projects make an important contribution to the planning of the upcoming further expansion of offshore wind energy.

Funding: Ministerium für Energie­wende, Klimaschutz, Umwelt und Natur, 71.822 EUR

Project Details:
As the most common marine mammal species in Schleswig-Holstein, sick or dead seals cause most of the seal hunters' missions. In close cooperation with them, the animals are transferred to the Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research (ITAW) in Büsum for further examinations. These examinations include the complete, standardised autopsy of selected animals, further examinations such as histology, bacteriology, virology, serology and parasitology, as well as the collection and preservation of samples for later analyses or other research projects. The final assessment of the causes of disease and death serves, among other things, to record risk factors for the seal populations in Schleswig-Holstein. In addition, possible human (anthropogenic) influences on the seals will be analysed. However, the investigations will also examine the possible significance of the growing seal populations as a reservoir of infectious diseases and whether viruses move back and forth between the wild animal populations and thus mutations of the pathogens are possible. Since the project is based on close cooperation with the seal hunters, the scientific knowledge gained will be incorporated into their work. The ITAW, among others, trains the seal hunters in the handling of marine mammals, but also in the recognition of infectious diseases. For them as first contact persons, the ongoing development and review of hygiene measures, infectious diseases and documentation materials play an important role. Microbiological examinations are important here, for example, because infectious agents such as seal distemper virus, influenza viruses, brucella and erysipelas have repeatedly been detected in seals in the past, which can be dangerous for seals and in some cases have zoonotic potential (infecting humans). In addition, the observations of the seal hunters are very valuable for the work at the institute. For example, if they report abnormalities in the animal or in the animal population, the investigations at ITAW can be adapted. Especially in view of the current bird flu epidemic along the coasts of Schleswig-Holstein, the detection of the H5N8 bird flu serotype on seals by the ITAW last year and the worldwide Corona pandemic, the virological investigations are to be intensified again in the current project year.

Results:

Bericht (PDF) Untersuchungen zum Gesundheitszustand von Seehunden in Schleswig-Holstein im Jahr 2022

https://www.schleswig-holstein.de/DE/fachinhalte/A/artenschutz/Downloads/seehundbericht2022.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=2

Funding: Landesjägerschaf Niedersachsen e.V. - Anerkannter Naturschutzverband, 22.863 EUR

Project Details:
The aim of this project is to compile the key statements from the literature published since 2009 on the subject of the influence of predation on selected small game species, meadow birds and other types of agricultural land. In addition, an overview of species protection projects in Germany over the last 15 years and the species mentioned is created, with special consideration of projects that are only known locally/regionally. The reason for this study arises from the fact that many species of open land, including those of wet grassland, have seen continuous and sometimes significant population declines in recent decades. This is often explained by the change in our cultural landscape. The focus here is on the changes in agricultural management forms in recent decades, as well as the general disappearance of suitable habitats, for example due to the cultivation of original habitats such as marshes, lowlands and moors and the wide and open wet grassland. In addition to the necessary programs for the conservation and improvement of these habitats and the habitat quality, the factors of predation influence and predation management deserve just as much attention. Numerous studies confirm this importance. The predation is to be placed in a close reciprocal relationship with the habitat and the weather. Optimum weather conditions and high-quality habitat enable high rearing rates and low mortality rates, so that losses by predators can be compensated. However, under today's often suboptimal habitat conditions in our cultivated landscape and an additional high density of predators, it is not possible to achieve sufficient rearing rates to stabilize the corresponding populations.The aspect of habitat quality is given more consideration in more recent studies than in the studies up to 2009. In addition, there are the results of a number of species protection projects that have not yet been scientifically published, but which undoubtedly provide valuable information for dealing with the predation issue.

Funding: Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V., 289.316 EUR

Project Details:
All recombinant RSVs (rRSVs) will be rescued in HEp-2 cells infected with MVA-T7 via transfection of the appropriate full length BAC clone along with either the RSV-B17-058221 and RS V-B18-002094 helper plasmids. All rescued viruses will be analyzed by NGS at passage 3 to identify if any mutations occurred during in vitro passaging. If mutations are identified then COMPANY and INSTITUTION will discuss the
requirement for growth of additional independent rescued viruses, with the COMPANY responsible for the final decision.

Funding: Verein der Förderer der Wildtierforschung e.V., 13.000 EUR

Project Details:
Wildlife losses are a commonly recognized problem when mowing land for forage and silage production. Although the causes and rates of loss for individual wildlife species are fairly well quantified, the effects of mowing on medium- or long-term population trends have been little studied. This is especially true in light of the increasing cultivation of bioenergy crops in two-crop systems in traditional cropland areas and in areas with intensive grassland management in recent years.
Against this background, it is urgently necessary to look for pragmatic ways of reducing wildlife losses that can be integrated into agricultural work processes by simple means and that promise a high degree of effectiveness. The present concept is based on the use of acoustic game deterrents or sirens, which, for example, attached to a mowing vehicle can lead to the startling of animals present in the mowing area. In order to effectively design such a game deterrent system, it is first necessary to gather the basic theoretical knowledge. In later follow-up projects, this information can be used to develop a practical game siren. The aim of the present study concept is to develop the basics for an acoustic game deterrent in the following work packages. The work packages a and b are designed as literature research :
a. Literature search and presentation of the audible range of target species, i.e., what frequency ranges and sound intensities appear most promising for acoustic game deterrence.
b. Literature search on sound propagation in agricultural areas.
c. Sound measurements in grassland: Here, the sound pressure of suitable frequencies at different heights and distances to the emission source as well as in different dense grass stands will be analyzed in a simple experiment. Since the focus of the study is in Western Europe, the following animal species are defined as target species in the literature study:
° roe deer,
° brown hare,
° wild rabbit,
° pheasant,
° partridge,
° mallard duck
° meadow birds (e.g. lapwing, curlew, oystercatcher)

Funding: Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Kultur (MWK) Niedersachsen, 250.000 EUR

Project Details:
The DILEAVET project aims to optimize the existing framework conditions at the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover for the design of digital teaching, the examination system and for the teaching of clinical-practical skills, and thus at the same time to create conditions that support the "FERVET" project.

Results:

Im Projekt DILEAVET wurden u. a. folgende Ergebnisse in den 4 Arbeitspaketen (AP) erzielt:

Im AP 1 "Weiterentwicklung von digitalem Schulungsmaterial und -angeboten" wurde ein Vermittlungskonzept erarbeitet. Für die Themenfelder elektronische Prüfungen und digitales Lehren und Lernen wurden bereits bestehende Schulungsmaterialien aktualisiert, neue Anleitungen angefertigt sowie Online-Seminare durchgeführt.

Im AP 2 "Wissenstransfer" wurden Videos angefertigt, welche auf dem YouTube-Kanal der TiHo "TiHoVideos" oder intern zur Verfügung stehen; außerdem wurde u.a. ein virtuelles Mikroskop für das Fach Mikrobiologie für die Studierenden und als OER-Beitrag eine Sammlung zu Modellen erstellt.

Im AP 3 "Entwicklung und Etablierung von Modellen und Lernstationen im CSL" erfolgte eine Entwicklung von Escape-Room-Szenarien und deren Etablierung in Lehrveranstaltungen sowie die Entwicklung und Etablierung von Simulatoren und Lernstationen zum Thema Zier- und Wildvögel-Tierarten.

Im AP 4 "Digitalisierungskonzept zu kommunikativen Kompetenzen" wurden Best-Practice-Videos und Worst-Case-Videos zur Schulung kommunikativer Kompetenzen erstellt.

 

OER-Beitrag auf "twillo"

https://www.twillo.de/edu-sharing/components/render/9a067b21-c565-4894-a380-d2630c8f8fc8

 

TiHoVideos:

https://www.youtube.com/user/tihovideos

 

ENZIG-STROHM A, KNOLL M T, BETTERMANN V, CHODZINSKI A, HEINEMANN I, TIPOLD A, WISSING S, SCHAPER E: Tierschutzgerechte Vermittlung klinisch-praktischer Fertigkeiten. Tierschutztagung 2023, 16.03.2023 - 18.03.2023, München