Overview of research projects

Project Details:
Die Pleuropneumonie des Schweines, verursacht durch Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, stellt eine sehr verlustreiche Infektionskrankheit der Schweine dar. Jüngste Untersuchungen zeigten, dass rassebedingt Unterschiede in der Empfänglichkeit der Schweine für diesen Infektionserreger existieren. Ziel dieser Untersuchungen ist das Verstehen von grundlegenden Mechanismen dieser reduzierten Empfänglichkeit durch das Aufdecken funktioneller Unterschiede in der angeborenen und erworbenen Immunität zwischen empfänglichen und resistenten Tieren.

Cooperation Partners:

Prof. Dr. Armin Saalmüller (Immunologie / VetmedUni Wien)

Funding: DAAD Dres. Jutta & Georg Bruns Stiftung , 70.000 EUR

Project Details:
In Sudan, traditional medicinal plants continue to form the basis of rural medical care. This is due to the fact, that these medicines are easily available and cheap. In Sudanese folk medicine, some plants were claimed to have therapeutic values as for example Gum Arabic.
Gum Arabic is a dried exudate obtained from the branches and stems of Acacia senegal and closely related species. It is a complex polysaccharide of high molecular weight which contains neutral sugars as rhamnose, arabinose, and galactose; acids such as glucuronic acid; minerals such as calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, and phosphorous. In folk medicine, Gum Arabic has been reported to be used for the treatment of inflammation of the intestinal mucosa, and to cover inflamed surfaces.
A study conducted in Sudan has proven that the addition of Gum Arabic to rat?s diet has positive effect in lowering serum cholesterol and triacylglycerol (TAG) levels. Interestingly, drugs that are able to interfere with cholesterol synthesis as statins have been shown by us to induce antimicrobial activity of neutrophils against S. aureus, namely the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Thus, it may be hypothesized that medicinal plant extracts as Gum Arabic might have a protective effect on S. aureus infections by boosting antimicrobial neutrophil functions and thereby improve the outcome of an infection.
Since there is nothing known about the potential of Gum Arabic extracts to boost the host immune system, the goal of this study is to test Gum Arabic extracts for their ability to enhance the antimicrobial capabilities of phagocytes such as neutrophils as the first line of defense against invading pathogens.

Results:

Baien SH, Seele J, Henneck T, Freibrodt C, Szura G, Moubasher H, Nau R, Brogden G, Mörgelin M, Singh M, Kietzmann M, von Köckritz-Blickwede M, de Buhr N. 2020. Antimicrobial and Immunomodulatory Effect of Gum Arabic on Human and Bovine Granulocytes Against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Front Immunol 10:1-18.

 

Baien SH, Langer MN, Heppelmann M, von Köckritz-Blickwede M, de Buhr N. 2018. Comparison Between K3EDTA and Lithium Heparin as Anticoagulant to Isolate Bovine Granulocytes From Blood. Front Immunol 9:1-13.

Cooperation Partners:

Dr. Jana Seele und Prof. Roland Nau: Department of Geriatrics, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Göttingen-Weende, Göttingen,

Germany und Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany

Project Details:
Harnsteine kommen bei Meerschweinchen häufig vor und stellen einen regelmäßigen Vorstellungsgrund für Meerschweinchen in der tierärztlichen Praxis dar. Harnsteine beim Meerschweinchen treten bei Meerschweinchen meistens in der Blase oder der Urethra bei weiblichen Tieren auf, seltener liegt eine Urolithiasis in den Ureteren vor. Über die Zusammensetzung von Harnsteinen aus unterschiedlichen Lokalisationen liegen beim Meerschweinchen noch keine Studien vor. Daher werden im Rahmen des Projekts Harnsteinanalysen von Meerschweinchen ausgewertet, die in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Harnsteinanalysezentrum Bonn analysiert wurden.

Cooperation Partners:

Kooperationspartner: Harnsteinanalysezentrum Bonn, Prof. Dr. Albrecht Hesse

Project Details:
In dem Konsortium werden die Genome der Familie Felidae aufgeklärt. Ziele sind die Verbesserung der Referenzgenomsequenz sowie die Charakterisierung der Diversität von Haus- und Wildkatzenarten.

Results:

Genova et al.,First genome-wide CNV mapping in FELIS CATUS using next generation sequencing data.BMC Genomics. 2018 Dec 10;19(1):895. doi: 10.1186/s12864-018-5297-2.

Cooperation Partners:

Tierkliniken

Zoos

Tiergärten

Funding: Industry (Feed manifacturing) , 22.000 EUR

Funding: Nationalparkstiftung Schleswig-Holstein, 22.500 EUR

Project Details:
The native harbor seal population has been severely depleted in the past, but rebounded after the end of hunting in the 1970s. Two seal distemper epidemics in 1988 and 2002 and an influenza epidemic drastically reduced the seal population in the Wadden Sea within a very short time. However, the population recovered each time, so that currently there are an estimated 40800 living in the Wadden Sea of the Netherlands, Germany and Denmark.
Despite the high profile of this species, some aspects of harbor seal ecology, such as precise movement patterns and habitat use in the Wadden Sea National Park and adjacent waters, as well as information on feeding ecology, are poorly studied. The few studies available suggest that harbor seals do make extended hunting excursions into the open North Sea. However, the ecological relevance of these excursions and the detailed, spatiotemporal resolution of foraging activity are based on purely theoretical approaches. Furthermore, it is not clear which prey organisms and prey size the seals prefer on their hunting trips and whether they show specific hunting tactics depending on prey size.
Therefore, this project aims to fill gaps in our knowledge about where, how often and what exactly seals feed on in the German North Sea.
A problem in this context is that seals spend most of their lives in the water, where it is very difficult to observe their movements. In this context, telemetry - i.e., the tagging of animals with small electronic devices - is an important method to obtain knowledge about habitat use and behavior of the animals. However, in terms of determining foraging and food acquisition, telemetry has a large element of uncertainty. While sensors can provide high-resolution movement data (geographic position, dive depth, dive length, dive distance, acceleration), a characterization of foraging behavior is usually based on a subjective assessment of theoretical assumptions. A direct observation of the feeding behavior can only be achieved by a camera directly on the animal. In the present project, seals will therefore be equipped with a special underwater camera ("CATS-Cam"). In the future, the knowledge gained can also serve as a basis for the optimization of management concepts, as well as for further studies, for example to validate data from conventionally used telemetry devices. Furthermore, the recorded videos can be used for public relations and environmental education.

Results:

In the present project, two seals were caught and equipped with special underwater cameras ("CATS-Cam"). As expected, the cameras detached from the animals after a few days and the stored video files could be read out and analysed. A first analysis showed that the concept was suitable for the study purposes. A total of 495 videos (total length of 21.8 hours) were recorded.

Further investigations will be carried out in the future to optimise the method, so that more data can be recorded and movement patterns that could be identified from the existing videos can be used as a template for further identifications in the movement data. Also, problems such as poor lighting conditions caused by high concentrations of suspended matter in the water are to be avoided through modifications to the device.

In the future, the further development of this method should also serve as a basis for optimising management concepts, for example to validate data from conventionally used telemetry devices.

https://www.tiho-hannover.de/universitaet/aktuelles-veroeffentlichungen/pressemitteilungen/detail/seehunden-ueber-die-schulter-schauen

Funding: Ministerium für Energiewende,Landwirtschaft, Umwelt, Natur und Digitalisierung des Landes Schleswig-Holstein, 20.000 EUR

Project Details:
Especially during sensitive life stages, i. e. the upbringing of offspring, predators can have a negative influence on their prey. This pilot study therefore aims to record and compare the spatiotemporal behavior of predator and their prey species. One focus hereby is the relevance of permanent landscape structures such as hedges as well as additionally created elements such as wildflower strips or fallow land.
Predators like the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and the non-indigenous racoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) as well as the European hare (Lepus europaeus) as a prey species occur in Schleswig-Holstein. To conduct the pilot study, individuals of these species are equipped with tags automatically collecting GPS data. Furthermore, the tags record spatial movements of the individual on three axes. With the received data, individual home ranges, nightly activities, and daily resting areas can be analysed. Eventually, captured patterns can be compared to identify overlaps between predators and their prey as well as the influence of structural landscape elements.

Results:

Abschlußbericht

https://www.tiho-hannover.de/fileadmin/57_79_terr_aqua_Wildtierforschung/79_Buesum/downloads/Berichte/2021_Praedatorenbericht.pdf

Funding: Ministerium für Energiewende,Landwirtschaft, Umwelt, Natur und Digitalisierung des Landes Schleswig-Holstein, 53.000 EUR

Project Details:
Originally situated in east asia the racoon dog was introduced 1928 as a fur animal in the former soviet union. Since then the racoon dog spread continously west and inhabited new areas. In the late 1990 the first reproduction of racoon dogs in Schleswig- Holstein was recorded.

1927 racoons were released in the state of Hessen, in the following years other racoon dogs were set free or escaped form captivity in different parts of Germany. From this time on a free roaming population established. In 1975 the first reproduction of racoons was recorded in Schleswig- Holstein.

In our project we want to analyse the influence and the risk of these alien species on our native fauna. Therefore we want to asses the health status, especially the occurance of zoonotic and infectious diseases and the nutrition of the animals.

Shot animals or animals found dead are getting dissected at the institute for terrestrial and aquatic wildlife research of the TiHo Hannover. Samples for bacteriological, virological and parasitological diagnostics are taken and stomach content analysis and age determination is taking place. Based on the first results follow- up studies on the influence on native animal species and as a result of those a future long-term management can be developed

Results:

Malicious Mites?Sarcoptes scabiei in Raccoon Dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany

https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/12/12/1379

Funding: Ministerium für Energiewende,Landwirtschaft, Umwelt, Natur und Digitalisierung des Landes Schleswig-Holstein, 62.000 EUR

Project Details:
The project carried out for the Ministry for Energy Transition, Agriculture, Environment, Nature and Digitalisation (MELUND) aims to record the development of the health status of wild harbour seals in Schleswig-Holstein. A distinction is made between live and dead monitoring.
In the course of the live monitoring, the State Agency for Coastal Protection, National Park and Marine Conservation (LKN) finances seal captures on the Lorenzensplate. Here, the seals are caught alive, fixed in tube nets and measured lengthwise for an approximate size reference. In addition, blood and swab samples are taken from the seals for further examination. After the examination and sampling, the animals are released.
For the monitoring of dead seals, seals found dead or killed for animal welfare reasons are brought from the North Sea and the Baltic Sea to the ITAW in Büsum, where they are autopsied. The autopsies serve to record data on morphometry and population structure as well as to examine the health status of the individuals. In addition, the causes of disease and, if possible, the causes of death are recorded. After the macroscopic examination, organ samples are also examined histopathologically. In addition, samples are taken for further examinations, which include bacteriology and virology, but also toxicology and screening for microplastic particles.
Since ITAW has been monitoring both live and dead seals for several years, the investigations described above provide a good overview of the current health of the seal populations in the North Sea and Baltic Sea and how it compares to previous years. In addition, the studies serve to address a wide range of other questions. For example, human influences on the marine mammals can be investigated or the occurrence of important infectious and potentially dangerous zoonotic pathogens can be monitored.
The cooperation of the ITAW staff with the so-called seal hunters is fundamental to the existence of the project. These work on a voluntary basis for the state of Schleswig-Holstein and are often the first people to contact when sick seals are found on the beach. They are trained by the ITAW in cooperation with the administration of the Wadden Sea National Park and the Friedrichskoog Seal Station so that they can decide independently whether the seals need help. If there is no prospect of recovery and a further life in the wild for the seals due to serious illness or injury, the seal hunters can release the animals from their suffering.

Results:

Untersuchungen zum Gesundheitszustand von Seehunden

in Schleswig-Holstein im Jahr 2021

Bericht an das Ministerium für Energiewende, Landwirtschaft, Umwelt, Natur und Digitalisierung des Landes Schleswig-Holstein und den Landesbetrieb für Küstenschutz, Nationalpark und Meeresschutz Schleswig-Holstein

https://www.schleswig-holstein.de/DE/fachinhalte/A/artenschutz/Downloads/seehundbericht2021.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=2

Funding: MELUND, 19.177 EUR

Project Details:
Since 2002, ITAW has been conducting flight-based surveys for harbour porpoises in the EEZ and the 12sm zone of the North Sea. A dedicated monitoring of harbour porpoises in the North Sea and Baltic Sea has been carried out in projects of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN) since 2008. Within the framework of this survey and monitoring, valuable data series on the spatio-temporal occurrence and density of harbour porpoises could be collected including the area of the whale sanctuary in the Schleswig-Holstein Wadden Sea National Park.
ITAW also has proven expertise in bioacoustics and acoustic monitoring of cetaceans. Click Detectors (C-PODs) have already been used in numerous projects to study harbour porpoise habitat use and the effects of offshore wind farm construction and operation on harbour porpoises. The LKN POD monitoring has been operated by ITAW since 2011 and valuable data on acoustic harbour porpoise activity could also be collected in the area of the whale sanctuary in the Schleswig-Holstein Wadden Sea.
The aim of the project is to evaluate the whale sanctuary in terms of occurrence, abundance, seasonality and importance of the whale sanctuary as a habitat for harbour porpoises for feeding and as a calving and breeding area.
For this purpose, the following data sources are to be evaluated in depth:
a) Dedicated visual surveys to record harbour porpoise abundance in the German North Sea (12 nm plus EEZ);
b) Modelled density area maps to determine model-based abundance;
c) Acoustic monitoring of harbour porpoises using stationary click detectors (C-PODs) in the Wadden Sea.

Results:

Abschlußbericht im Auftrag des Landesbetriebes für Küstenschutz, Nationalpark und Meeresschutz Schleswig-

Holstein (LKN.SH) und des Ministeriums für Energiewende, Klimaschutz, Umwelt und Natur

(MEKUN)

https://www.tiho-hannover.de/fileadmin/57_79_terr_aqua_Wildtierforschung/79_Buesum/downloads/Berichte/Walschutzgebiet_Bericht_ITAW_20221012_final.pdf