Geno- und Phänotypen von aposematischen Pfeilgiftfröschen

Drittmittelprojekt: Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Panama, 18.000 EUR

Kliniken/Institute:
Institut für Zoologie

Projektdetails:
The evolution of different forms of parental care is an important topic in behavioral ecology, and it involves complex suites of associated parental and offspring traits. For example, some parents provide nourishment or selection and protection of suitable nesting sites for offspring. Understanding how memory guides individuals to locate or return to a reproductive resource is one of the major challenges in studies of animal behavior. During parental care, poison frogs routinely transport their tadpoles from terrestrial clutches to suitable deposition sites, and some individuals return to supply their offspring with nutritive unfertilized eggs. Thus, these frogs rely on spatial memory to exploit resources important for successful reproduction. However, it is unknown how the spatial abilities are related to the parental care traits performed by an individual. The aim of this study is to investigate behavioral spatial strategies and their genetic basis in the strawberry poison-dart frog, Oophaga pumilio. To investigate the spatial strategies in the context of parental care we aim examining ability of females and males to find a goal in a plus maze under experimental conditions. Moreover, we will determine the possible genes involved in spatial learning through gene expression analysis (RNASeq) of the pallium, the brain region known to be involved in spatial learning. Since females perform most parental care duties involving navigation in large home ranges, we expect females to have better spatial abilities than males.

Kooperationspartner:

Dr. Roberto Ibañéz, Ph. D., Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute

Prof. Dr. Klaudia Witte, Universität Siegen

Drittmittelprojekt: DAAD, DGHT

Kliniken/Institute:
Institut für Zoologie

Projektdetails:
Die Pfeilgiftfrösche der Gattung Oophaga zeichnen sich durch ein komplexes Territorial-, Paarungs- und Brutpflegeverhalten aus. Aus diesem Grund sind sie Modellobjekte in vielen Studien zur Beantwortung evolutionsbiologischer Studien. Weiterhin sind die meisten dieser Arten polymorph, d.h. sie unterschieden sich in ihren bioakustischen Signalen, Farbmustern und anderen morphologischen Variablen zwischen den Populationen. Auf Grund dessen ist es häufig schwierig Arten klar abzugrenzen. Das Ziel dieses Projektes ist eine molekular-genetische Studie durchzuführen, in der Arten genetisch eindeutig zugeordnet werden können. Sobald dieses erfolgt ist, folgen weitere Untersuchungen, um herauszufinden in wie weit die Arten sich in ihren ökologischen Ansprüchen und ihrem Verhalten unterscheiden. Das Ziel des Projektes ist es Artbildungsmechamismen besser zu verstehen.

Resultate:

Galindo Uribe D, Sunyer J, Hauswaldt S, Amezquita A, Pröhl H, Vences M (2014) Color and pattern variation and Pleistocene phylogeographic origin of the strawberry poison frog, Oophaga pumilio, in Nicaragua. Salamandra, 50: 225-235

Brusa O, Bellati A, Meuche I, Mundy NI, Pröhl H (2013) Divergent evolution in the polymorphic granular poison-dart frog, Oophaga granulifera: genetics, colouration, advertisement calls and morphology. J Biogeogr 40:394-408

Hauswaldt JS, Ludewig A-K, Vences M, Pröhl H (2011) Widespread co-occurrence of divergent mitochondrial haplotype lineages in a Central American species of poison frog (Oophaga pumilio). J Biogeog 38: 711-726

Hagemann S, Pröhl H (2007) Mitochondrial paraphyly in a polymorphic poison frog species (Dendrobatidae; D. pumilio). Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution 45: 740-747

Kooperationspartner:

Prof. Dr. Adolfo Amezquita, Universidad de los Andes

Dr. Diana Galindo, Universidad de los Andes

Prof. Dr. Miguel Vences, TU Braunschweig

Drittmittelprojekt: DFG, 27.210 EUR

Kliniken/Institute:
Institut für Zoologie

Projektdetails:
The genetics of colouration has been studied in mammals, birds, fish and reptiles but studies on amphibian are scarce. Besides extensive variability in colour pattern nothing is known about the underlying genetic components involved in creating colour diversity within and among amphibian species. In this context the diversity of colouration patterns linked to predator avoidance strategies in Neotropical poison frogs is an exciting opportunity to study the genetics of ecological adaptation. Poison frogs differ in colouration patterns among populations and strong evidence exists that colouration is adaptive, probably driven by predator selection. The objective of this project is to characterize the colour pigments and the colouration genes for the extremely colour polymorphic Neotropical strawberry poison frog Oophaga pumilio. In this frog bright aposematic as well as duller cryptic colour morphs are present in different Panamanian populations.
For our project we will collect skin samples from three populations diverged in colour patterns: a red one, a green one and a blue one. We will perform RNAseq analysis on dorsal skin-derived cDNA. cDNA samples will be send to a sequencing service that will perform next generation sequencing to analyse differences in expression levels in genes involved in colouration. We expect that genes involved in the carotenoid /pteridin uptake, synthesis or storage differ in their expression level among colour morphs. We will confirm results for loci with significant expression differences by performing quantitative Real time-RT-PCR (RT=reverse transcription). Thus, we will determine the key gene expression differences underlying colour variation in this species. Our study will lead to a better understanding of causes and consequences of adaptive colouration.

Resultate:

Rodríguez A, Mundy N, Ibáñez R, Pröhl H (2020) Being red, blue and green: the genetic basis of coloration differences in the strawberry poison frog (Oophaga pumilio). BMC Genomics: 21. 10.1186/s12864-020-6719-5.

Kooperationspartner:

Dr. Nicolas Mundy, University of Cambridge, UK

Dr. Roberto Ibañéz, STRI, Panama