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20 results.
Cosmic Radiation response in the simplest animal on Earth: Trichoplax, a new evolutionary animal model for Space Biology Research
Cosmic Radiation response in the simplest animal on Earth: Trichoplax, a new evolutionary animal model for Space Biology Research
Project Investigators: Bernd Schierwater
Duration: 2025 until 2026
Funding: Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), 60.000 EUR
Project Details:
The high-energy cosmic radiation has a decisive influence on all manned space missions. The effect of this radiation on the model organism Trichoplax adhaerens (Placozoa) will be investigated in this project. Placozoans are the most simply organized multicellular animals and can give us crucial clues about the effect of cosmic radiation on humans.
Cooperation Partners:

Patrick Humbert, La Trobe University, Australia

Jens Hauslage, DLR, Köln

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The soil fauna of the nature reserve Riddagshausen (Braunschweig): Comparison of three biotope types: Are there first indications of an effect of increasing soil drought?
Die Bodenfauna des Naturschutzgebiets Riddagshausen (Braunschweig): Vergleich dreier Biotoptypen: Gibt es erste Anzeichen für einen Effekt bei zunehmender Bodentrockenheit?
Project Investigators: Bernd Schierwater; Jörg-Alfred Salamon
Duration: 2021 until December 2025
Project Details:
In this 5-year monitoring-study the density, diversity and community structure of Collembola and Mesostigmata of three different biotope types (oak-hornbeam-mixed forest, drainage ditch (edge), wet meadow) are investigated in the nature reserve Riddagshausen, a Flora-Fauna-Habitat (FFH) area characterized by a small scale mosaic of different habitat types like ponds, meadows, farmland and mixed forests. In each of the biotope types 10 sampling points spaced at least 20 m apart from each other were selected at random. Large spacing was done to avoid spatial autocorrelation, samples therefore were assumed to be independent.
Starting in March 2021 ten soil cores (diameter 5 cm) were taken at each of the biotope types (one soil core per sampling point). The cores were subdivided into two horizons (litter layer, 5 cm mineral soil). The soil cores were used to extract Collembola, Gamasida and soil macrofauna using a modified high gradient canister method (Macfadyen, 1961; Schauermann, 1982). Collembola and Mesostigmata were determined to species level.
Moreover, Collembola species were aggregated into three different functional groups according to their vertical distribution (epedaphic, hemiedaphic, and euedaphic). These groups differ in their dispersal ability and other attributes such reproduction, mobility, metabolic activity and feeding behaviour.
This sampling and identification pattern will be repeated every year (2021-2025) in early spring (March/April).
We expect changes in the soil fauna communities of the investigated biotope types due to strong differences in the amount of precipitation between the years.
Cooperation Partners:

1) Prof. Stefan Scheu, J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Goettingen

2) Dr. Bernhard Klarner

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GRAVIPLAX: Investigating the effect of gravity on cell polarity mediation in the simplest multicellular animal, Trichoplax adhaerens
GRAVIPLAX: Untersuchung des Einflusses der Gravitation auf die Vermittlung von Zellpolarität im einfachsten vielzelligen Tier, Trichoplax adhaerens
Project Investigators: Prof. Dr. Bernd Schierwater
Duration: Mid 2019 until End 2025
Project Details:
Die Vermittlung und die Erhaltung der Zellpolarität sind wichtig zur ordnungsgemäßen Funktion der Zelle und ihrem umgebenden Gewebe. Ein wichtiger Signalgeber hierbei ist die Gravitation. Kommt es zum Verlust der Polarität, beispielsweise durch Defekte in polaritätsvermittelnden Genen, kommt es in der Regel zu Tumoren. Aufgrund ihres komplexen anatomischen und genetischen Aufbaus sind die dafür relevanten genregulatorischen Zusammenhänge bislang nicht hinreichend charakterisiert.
In diesem Projekt werden Veränderungen in der Genaktivität in dem einfach aufgebauten Meerestier, Trichoplax adhaerens, unter simulierter Schwerelosigkeit untersucht.
Das Projekt wird in Kooperation mit dem Gravitationsbiologen Dr. Jens Hauslage vom Deutschen Luft- und Raumfahrtzentrum (DLR) in Köln und Patrick Humbert, Professor für Krebsbiologie von der La Trobe University in Melbourne durchgeführt.
Cooperation Partners:

Deutsches Luft- und Raumfahrtzentrum (DLR);

La Trobe University in Melbourne

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CAOS Barcoding in viral or bacterial diseases
CAOS Barcoding bei viralen oder bakteriellen Krankheiten
Project Investigators: PD Dr. Heike Hadrys
Duration: End 2017 until Mid 2023
Funding: Alexander-von-Humboldt-Stiftung, 70.000 EUR
Project Details:
Medical research on diseases mediated by microbial organisms has been severely hindered by reliable strain identification. The main reason simply is: More than 90% of all microorganisms have not been identified yet and traditional identification methods have routinely been grouping genetically diverse strains into the same category. Can one understand the differences in action between arsenic enriched water and normal tap water (which look the same) if you think they are the same? The answer is no, it would be better to have a reliable unambiguous identification system for all clear liquids, no matter how small the difference. Such a system has been developed in a multi-million research network run by scientists at the AMNH, New York. This system is known as CAOS barcoding and has been successfully tested for example on insect species delimitation, insect vectors, mammals, symbiontic bacteria, rumen microflora, virus strains and others. The barcodes can be identified centrally in our lab at TiHo Hannover (and in collaboration with the AMNH, NY). The barcodes are given to the authors and the community in a web-based, easy to use data platform.
Cooperation Partners:

Prof. Robert DeSalle; Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, AMNH, New York)

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The genetic basics of polarity in animal cells: biomedical studies on the simplest multicellular animal in zero gravity
Die genetischen Grundlagen der Polarität tierischer Zellen: Biomedizinische Studien am einfachsten Vielzelligen Tier in der Schwerelosigkeit
Project Investigators: The first step in the albuminous degeneration of cells leading to cancer, is the loss of polarity of a cell. Without polar orientation, cells start to grow into any direction and start forming a tumor. Scientists all over the world are trying to identify the genes that are responsible for this process. Up to now without success, as the genetics behind is unknown and hardly decipherable in complex human cells. We want to use the simplest animal model organism, the placozoan Trichoplax in order to identify the responsible genes. Those placozoans do not have any organs or symmetry; they only have a clear polarity of top and bottom. The signaler for polarity is gravity. We can switch it off naturally in space (sounding rockets) or simulately in the lab (via clinostat experiments) in order to study the effects on gene expression patterns. With placozoans as a subject of examination and gene studies in zero gravity we are now able to break new grounds with regards to interdisciplinary and experimental cancer research. We have formed an international project entity of cancer scientists, space researchers, geneticists and evolutionary biologists in order to be able to launch this new research approach.
Duration: März 2023 bis Februar 2024
Funding: Niedersächsisches Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Kultur (MWK), Niedersächsisches Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Kultur (MWK)
Project Details:
die zugrunde liegende Genetik ist unbekannt und an genetisch hoch komplexen menschlichen Zellen schwer entschlüsselbar. Wir möchten das einfachste tierische Modellsystem, das Placozoon Trichoplax, nutzen, um die verantwortlichen Gene zu identifizieren. Diese ""Plattentiere"" besitzen keinerlei Organe oder Symmetrie, sie besitzen lediglich eine klare Polarität zwischen oben unten. Der Signalgeber für die Polarität ist die Schwerkraft. Diese können wir auf natürliche Art und Weise im Weltraum (Raketenflüge) bzw. im Labor künstlich ausschalten (mittels Klinostaten), um die Auswirkungen auf die Genexpression von Polaritätsgenen zu studieren. Mit den Plattentieren als Untersuchungsobjekt und genetischen Studien in der Schwerelosigkeit können wir jetzt einen neuen Weg der interdisziplinären experimentellen Krebsforschung beschreiten. Wir haben ein internationales Konsortium aus Krebsmedizinern, Weltraumforschern, Bioinformatikern, Genetikern und Evolutionsbiologen zusammengestellt, um diesen neuen Forschungsansatz auf den Weg zu bringen."
Results:

1) Deutsches Luft- und Raumfahrtzentrum (DLR) Köln

2) LaTrobe University, Medical School, Melbourne, Australia

3) Yale University, Yale Genomics Center, New Haven, USA

4) Prof. Robert DeSalle; Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, AMNH, New York)

Cooperation Partners:

30.000 EUR

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Erasmus+: Hybrid educational and research training on the use of marine models in life sciences
Erasmus+: Hybrid educational and research training on the use of marine models in life sciences
Project Investigators: Prof. Dr. Bernd Schierwater
Duration: End 2018 until End 2021
Project Details:
The base of the project is the identification of a specific need in high-quality research training in marine sciences including the study of a broad variety of marine organisms at the European level. In spite of being evolutionary distant from Humans, marine species can bring fundamental knowledge that can be transferable to understand molecular and cellular processes governing several aspects of human biology. In addition, marine organisms constitute an important source of biomolecules with putative industrial and therapeutic applications making the development of marine resource a key area in the field of blue economy and blue growth. Considering the above-described contect, the present strategic partnership will develop a thourough research training focused on the use of marine organisms in several life science disciplines such as neurobiology, cell morphogenesis/cell biology, tissue regeneration, evolution/life cycle and marine biotechnology.
Cooperation Partners:

Prof. Dr Agnes Boutet (Sorbonne, Frankreich),

Prof. Dr. Stefano Piraino, Neapel

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Genomische Analysen zur Artbildung bei Libellen am Beispiel eines kryptischen Artkomplexes
Project Investigators: PD Dr. Heike Hadrys ; Dr. Sandra Damm
Duration: 2010 until 2018
Project Details:
Durch die Entwicklung neuester Sequenziertechniken ist es nun zum ersten Mal möglich, Artbildung nicht nur auf der Basis einzelner Gene, sondern auch auf der Ebene des gesamten Genoms bzw. Transkriptoms zu untersuchen. Diese unter dem Begriff "adapation genomics"" zusammengefasste Forschungsrichtung stellt einen ganz neuen und fundamentalen Ansatz in der modernen molekularen Ökologie dar und ermöglicht es, Gene, die direkt in Artbildungprozesse involviert sind erstmalig auch in natürlichen Populationen zu identifizieren. Am Beispiel des in unserer Arbeitsgruppe entdeckten Artkomplexes dreier kryptischer Libellenarten sollen im Rahmen dieses Projektes die Mechanismen, die hinter dieser (besonderen) Artbildung liegen untersucht werden. Durch die Einbeziehung von aquatischen sowie terrestrischen Entwicklungsstadien sollen Gene identifiziert werden, welche innerhalb des Trennungsprozess direkt oder indirekt beteiligt sind. Dieses ermöglicht erstmalig einen tieferen Einblick in die Artbildung bei Libellen im Allgemeinen und bei kryptischen Arten im Besonderen."
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Placozoen als Modellsystem - Grundlagen für die Krebsforschung
Project Investigators: Prof. Dr. Bernd Schierwater
Duration: 2010 until 2018
Project Details:
Trotz ihrer einfachen Morphologie zeigt die Genetik der Placozoa eine überraschende
Komplexität. Sein Genom kodiert für diverse Signal- Gene und Transkriptionsfaktoren, die eng im Zusammenhang mit Vorgängen in komplexeren Tieren stehen. Jüngsten Genom-Analysen zufolge spiegelt das Trichoplax Genom die ursprünglichsten genetischen Bedingungen überhaupt wider. Ziel dieses Projektes ist es Gene, die eine Rolle in der Kontrolle des Zellzyklus in "höheren Tieren"" spielen, in Placozoen nachzuweisen und zu charakterisieren, um ihre Funktion in basalen Metazoen zu klären. Untersuchungen an diesen grundlegenden Mechanismen in einfachen Vielzellern werden helfen, die Evolution dieser komplexen Vorgänge zu verstehen und dazu beitragen, Placozoen als einfachen einfachen Modellorganismus für die Krebsforschung zu etablieren. "
Cooperation Partners:

Dr. Eduardo Moreno, Institut für Zellbiologie, Universität Bern

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Niche separation and habitat preferences, dispersal, and environmental adaptation in placozoans.
Untersuchung ökologischer Faktoren zur Artenmischung und Verteilung der Placozoen
Project Investigators: Prof. Bernd Schierwater
Duration: December 2014 until Novemer 2017
Funding: DFG, 228.565 EUR
Project Details:
The study wants to gain insights into the basic ecology (including phylogeography) of placozoans and better understand the factors that have fueled niche separation. We collect placozoans from different habitats in the field along with monitoring ecological parameters and analysing the genetic composition of field samples. With this information at hand we can address for the first time such fundamental issues as niche separation and habitat preferences, dispersal, and environmental adaptation in placozoans.
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New dimensions of synthesis: from single animal observation to planetory gemonics in Placozoa - Subbatical Duke University
New dimensions of synthesis: from single animal observation to planetory gemonics in Placozoa - Subbatical Duke University
Project Investigators: Prof. Bernd Schierwater
Duration: July 2013 until April 2014
Funding: NESCent, 31.160 EUR
Project Details:
The aim of the study is to investigate the biodiversity and ecology of differnt placozoan haplotypes with respect to abundance and niche separation in natural coral reef and mangrove habitats. The ultimate goal of this proposal is to broaden our understanding of the driving factors of distribution, adaptation and speciation of these animals by describing biodiversity patterns, endemicity and niche partitioning. This information should soon become a conditio sine qua non for the further deployment of placozoans as model systems for biological research across disciplines.
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